Japanese Ammunition Leaflets Section J - Japanese Chemical & Smoke Stores

8/7/2019 Japanese Ammunition Leaflets Section J - Japanese Chemical & Smoke Stores

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2The markings found on chemically charged shell are generally standardand are dealt with more fully in para (4-) below and in the coloured Platesincluded in this pamphlet.

(b) Mortars. The use of mortar bombs containing a chemical charging has beendeveloped along the same lines as those followed by other armies, the opera-tion~l value being the provision of large areas of contamination. Once again,Japanese mortar markings conform to the same system used in shell, gasbands being used to indicate the particular type of charging.

The 90-mm. mortar and the Sl-mm. mortar are believed to use chemicalbombs; but owing to insufficient evidence it is not possible to describe themsatisfactorily.(c) Grenades Two types of chemical grenade are known to exist, one containing

liquid C. A. P. the other containing Hydrocyanic acid. The Lachrymatory Type('89 C) is contained in a silver grey sheet iron cylinder; when required for usethe grenade is removed from the cylinder. The grenade itself is described asbeing constructeel of rubber, by which is probably meant vulcanite or someplastic material which would contain the liquid C. A_P. without corrosion.Down the centre of the grenade runs a fuze; this, on being ignited, burns with adelay of 5 seconds to a small bursting charge which shatters the grenade-and scatters the lachrymatory charging.The other is filled with Hydrocyanic acid and consists of a spherical glassflask containing approximately 1 pint of the acid. The grenade itself will bedealt with fully in J. A. L. Section C. but the method of packing is perhapsworth mentioning here. The flask is packed in a mixture of sawdust and aneut.ralizmg agent in an outer coutainer which is painted khaki and bandedin brown.A rather smaller flask is used to provide a frangible smoke grenade.

Again it is spherical in shape but flat bottomed and fil1ed with a yellowishliquid ranging from 100% titanium tetrachloride to a mixture of approxi-mateiy 60%titanium tetrachloride and 40 silicon tetrachloride. The grenadeis packed in a cylindrical sheet metal container.(d) Rockets. So far as is known the Japanese have no chemically charged rockets

comparable with the British 5" U.(e) Smoke Generatol"s :-These, of which there are a large number of types, are

canisters tilled with a combustible composition, which produces eitherscreening or toxic smoke on ignition. There are four main types, hand thrown,self-propelled, static and floating. Tho e of each type are generally similar anddiffer mainly in their size and weight.(f) Miscellaneous: -There are also in existence in the Japanese Service oertain

other stores, which, because of their type and the meagre ness of informationat present available on them, fall under this heading: Gas Mines and SoP. andTowed Tank Carts. They also have equipment in form of cylinders which arecapable of spraying liquid chemical at high pressure. These weapons, however,do not properly come under the heading of ammunition and are mentionedhere merely for the sake of interest. Itis these stores together with generatorsyvhich form the equipment of C. W. regiments and their sub-units.SPECIAL SHELL MARKINGS

4. Japanese army shell markings generally conform to a standard system. This systemis based on three considerations, the colour of the projectile, coloured bands and certainnumerals and ideographs. This system appears to have been simplified in 1941 or 1942 andevidence _fromrecently manufactured munitions supports this assumption; apparently the


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new system constitutes the use of fewer projectile colours and fewer coloured bands. Indocuments gases are usually referred to by their physiological types, using the colourassociated with their markings on gas shell; for example, a " yellow agent ", a" red agent"In order to avoid confusion, the following terms will be used as defined (See Plates A & B).(a) Colour Bands :-All coloured bands approximately the same width as the

driving band or the upper section of multiple driving bands.(b) Gas Band :-A coloured band approximately twice the width of driving band

appearing in the mid-section of the projectile body.Itis worthwhile noteing that for purposes of identification the Japanese army dividedits shells into two cla. ses which for the sake of convenience will be classified hereafter as:-(a) Common shell.(b) Special shell, including smoke, incendiary and gas shell, (Each of these has itsown particular type of Marking).It is necessary to point out here t.hat the wide gas band is the important marking ongas. shells. On smoke and incendiary shells, the important factors are the distinguishingKANA symbol (J.A.L:Leafiet A. 2) and che basic projectile colour. In the new system it isbelieved it will be the KANA symbol alone for all special shell except gas which will retainsignificant coloured gas bands. The significance of some secondary markings is not knownbut, in general, shell can be identified without haying this information. Other chemicallyfilled stores, Smoke Generators, Grenades etc. also conform to a standard system ofmarking; basic body colours and bands being employed to indicate the type of chargingcontained in the store. Fuller information will be found in the table included with thisLeaflet.

INCENDIARY SHELLo. The incendiary shell (rubber pellet type) may be met with marked according to anew modified system and differs from the standard system more than any shell yet reported.The only markings carried over are the red nose band, weight discrepancy mark, date andarsenal marking. The basic body colour is grey instead of yellow a~ in the old system. Inthe standard system the width of the identifying character is one third the diameter of theprojec t ile and is enclosed in a circle placed to the right of the weight discrepancy mark. Itis opeu to question, but it is believed that the filling of this shell is the standard incendiaryfilling for the army and that the Japanese character is that allotted to this type of filling.

HANDLING AND TRANSPORT(Of captured ammunition by Ordnance)

7. The bulk of Japanese Chemical, Smoke and Incendiary ammunition has itscounterpart. in the British Service and consequently the provisions of Magazine RegulationsChapter II Section C and D, and the Handbook of Chemical Warfare Weapons are generallyapplicable. Safety distances for C.W. Weapons depend on toxic considerations and onexplosive effects. As a rule, the former outweighs the latter, since the explosive filling isrelatively small, and the safety distance will t.herefore depend on the chemical chargings.Where the H.E. filling is large compared with the chemical charging (as in D.C./H.E. shell)the total quantity of explosive may impose a larger safety distance than that governed bythe chemical charging ; in this case the greater safety distance should be adopted.

0.1. Amn.,Kirkee.

Fi1 'S t Issue,18th Febru.ary 1946.


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Io-

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R E S T R \ c T E . D

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RESTRK :TEO . . ,\PLATE B.

e noz'X :0::~. . . . .J- c(,)-L> -r-I_J. . . . . JW:I:UJ';_J-.JL L Ja..O 'J;:w(I)L . L JZ~-:l


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In certain modifications a lid, secured by adhesive tape, is fitted to the top, protectinga match head and friction disc; on the bottom of the container is fitted a 'D" shaped handlewhich, at rest, folds into the base of the container.The match head is positioned in the centre of a tin plate diaphragm near the top of thecylinder and communicates with time fuze extending into the charge through a tin plate tubewhich is fixed to the diaphragm, and sealed at the bottom by a lead foil cover to prevent

contact with the charge. Two tin foil covered vents for the smoke are located in thediaphragm (See Plate A).Method of nse :-The top cover is removed and the match head thus exposed is lit by

means of the friction disc. The candle is then thrown. The fuze communicating with thecharge burns with a short delay and ignition takes place. .The smoke issues through the twovents in the tin plate diaphragm.

SELF PROPELLED TYPE4. Resembles in shape and size the Hand-Thrown Type, though it is slightly longer

and lids, secured by adhesive tape, cover the top and bottom of the container. A spikeapproximately 7" long, formed into a ring-round the container at the upper end and free tomove up and down, is employed to set up the candle in the ground for firing at thedesired angle.

IA time fuze is fitted in the bottom and this communicates with the powder propellantthrough a drilled wooden block, the match head being situated.in the periphery of the cylinder.The powder propellant is contained in a cylindrical steel.pan, described below.5_ Inner container :-A steel cylinder, containing iihe charge,' is placed inside the

outer container. This is fitted with a screwed base into which is screwed an 8-mm. 'diametercylider containing a delay fuze sealed at the top with a lead cover to protect it from thecharge. Two smoke vents, covered with tin foil are located in the cylinder wall.

6. Method of use :-Both lids are removed and the candle is set up by driving thespike into the ground. A small wooden board is used to set t.he candle at the desired angle,a plumb line being fitted to give the angle from the vertical.

A wooden disc with an abrasive edging is placed inside the bottom lid and is usedto light the match head, the fuze fires the powder propellant and the inner steel cylinder isejected The fuze in the inner cylinder, ignited by the powder propellant, has a delay ofabout 4 or 5 seconds, after which the charge is fired and smoke issued through the twovents (See PJate B).7. An electrically fired self-propelled smoke generator may also be met with. Thisstore is painted grey and resembles the normal self-propelled.smoke candle described above.The weight is 1 1/2 lbs. approximately, and it is 8' in length and 2' in diameter. This storecan be fired either by passing an electric current through a .wire coil which is in contact withthe match head or by the use of the scratcher block in the base lid, when the wire coilis removed.

STATIC TYPE8. These stores may be said generally to resemble the Hand-Thrown or Self-Propelled

types of candle. The chemical composition is of the same nature and the markings conformto the same standard as those set out in the table included in bhia Leaflet FLOATING TYPE

9.. Typical of the Japanese Floating Smoke Generators is the Type '94 ~Bt Floating


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10. A limited number of standard smoke mixt.ures are used, the chief being as follows:-(a) Screaning Smokes

(i) Berger Type MixturesCarbon TetrachlorideMetallic 'ZincZillc OxideKeiselguhr

45 per cont.25 "(ii) H.C.E. TV}>eMixture (D

HexachlorethaneMetallic ZincZinc Oxide

25 "5 H

50 .,25 .,25 "(iii) H.C.E. Type MixturE' (2)

HexachlorethaneMetallic Zinc ..Zinc Oxide

60 per cent.3010 ""(iv) Chlor-sulphonic Acid Mixtures

(b) Toxic Smokes(i ) C. N. Lachrymatory Smoke 'Mixture

ChloracetophenoneNitrocelluloseCamphor

(ii) D. C. Toxic Smoke Mixture

., , ~o "60 "20 "40 ,.flO ,.10 "50 ";0 ,.26.5 "4- .4 "54.7 "4.a "4.1 "6.0 "

DiphenvlcvanarsineNitrocellulose ..Camphor

(iii) D. C. (Pomice) MixtureDipheny lcyanarainePumice

(i,-) D. r . . MixtureDiphenylcya nar ineDiphenylarsenious OxideNitroce IIuloseCamphorV\!aterInorganic Matter ..

PACKING11. From information at the moment to hand, it is possible to list the following

etails on the markings of packages containing toxic smoke candles. The boxes, usually ofooden construction, have a diagonal, coloured stripe painted or stencilled on them, besideeveral numerals and letters. The colour of the stripe and/or the symbol at the top of theanel indicate the type of filling in the candle. A red diagonal stripe indicates vomiting gas,green stripe, tear gas.

The letter following the Type No. can be coded as follows :-I Candleh Self-propelledt Mediums Light

Itmay be found, however, that the markings will vary in location on the box and


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4HANDLING AND TRANSPORT(Of captured ammuntition by Ordnance)

12. Generally, these stores may be treated in the same way as British SmokeItshould be remembered that HCE compositions' are liable to spontaneousgnition, especially in the presence of moisture; so far at; is known the Japanese incorporateo stabiliser, as is the British practice with some compositions of this type. Generators mustherefore always be stored in a cool, dry place. In the Japanese Instructions for Use,ncluded in the package, it is stated that the storage life of the candles is one year.nserviceable generators should be destroyed by burning in the usual way.

.1. Amn., First Issue,


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~3'"000_P = l g


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RESTR'CTEt)208 DIP-.. .,--- - ___,~__l'''"EO. PLA'Tt UO

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'f,---- Tllot- 'O\L COVE.R\MC-fOR VEMT.

RED 1\ " " ' D - - . . , - - - - - - - ',1----- {lINNEO PLA'T" COKT"'''t1Uap''''ltll

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IN WH'''E

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un SHOW \N G lA A RK 'N G

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III

TYPICAL JAPANESE TO X IC SMO KE. CANDLE(.HA ND THROWN TYPE.)

D IM N S K lN S IN IN C H E S . c.i MH. S/139\K IRKEE .JAM . 4f .a.~.:;.p P(H'''''' ./~4;;.

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PLA,.E. "8~RES , R\C1ED

WOQOtM ~\.OC.K stCUJtE.O IV , "",\.sADH!SIV TAP!.

wooor .~ DISt Wl't~ A~R"~\VL (0&,"('

>: GRt'Y G~t.E.~ P_"'I4TBLACK 8"140

- H_} \H WHITE. PfI.\Hi/? IN I


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RestrictedTHIS LEAFLET MUST NOTFALL INTO ENEMY HANDS

. OF A. (INDIA)APANESE AMMUNITION LEAFLETS

SECTION JLEAFLET J3

JAPANESE, TVPE '94 B FLOATING SMOKE CANDLE.

GENERAL1. This store consists of a cylindrical metal tube equipped with a supporbing ring to

hich a rubber tube is attached by means of two lugs. When in use, this tube is inflated toupport the candle to protect the match head. In the top of the cover there is a threadedole into which a delay action fuze may be screwed if it is desired to ignite the candle in thatay. The fuze is carried separately and a wing nut is used to seal the cover of the candle.

The followingplates are included with this Leaflet to facilitate identification.Plate A. Photograph of the store.Plate B. Sectional drawing showingmethod of construction and dimensions.

DESCRIPTIONBODY2., The body is constructed of sheet metal 0.03 inches thick. Its edges are pressed and

soldered together forming a longitudinal seam running from the top to the bottom. At thebottom is a disc recessed0.2 inches with its edges rolled over and pressed to the walls of thecylinder. At the top of the candle, soldered to the t.hreaded band is another disc, in thecentre of which is a brass coloured igniter cup two inches long and 13/16 -ins, in diameter.This cup is attached to the lid by a lip and three small teats which bend over it, while theunder surface of the lid is scldered to the cup. A plastic adapter fits inaide this cup andcontains an inner match head, the cup contains an .inner igniter mixture wrapped in paper.

All floating smoke candles onwhich there is information at Kirkee conform to thisgeneral type.MAIN FILLING (HCE)

3. C .W . Intelligence Bulletin No. 46 Page 4 states that two varieties of H.C.E. smokeare used by the Japanese.

Typel Type 2H. C.E. 50% 60%Zinc 25% 30%Zinc Oxide 25% 10%


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2The filling of the generator described in this Leaflet consisted of the No.1 Type

NITER SYSTEM4. This consists of short, thick walled brass body, threaded externally and internally ate lowerend, which screws into the brass collar on top of the candle cover. Into the lower end

f the body is screwed a second brass tube containing a delay train of compressed gunpowder.t the lower end, the bore of the delay tube is widened for a short distance. and the cavityus formed filled with small granules pressed together to form a flash pellet. Fitted into theody is one end of a coil of light brown safety fuze which is .tightly wedged by a wrapping ofaper: The end of the fuze is situated directly above t.he gunpowder delay train: To thether end of the safety fuze is fitted a thin walled brass tube containing a match head. Tiedthe safety fuze, immediately behind the match head tube, is a light wooden scratch block,.e edges of which are coated with red phosphorus. When the igniter is screwed in positione lower end of tbe delay tube is situated directly above the inner match head. The safetyze fitted to each of the igniters varies in length from 15 to 18feet and has a burning rate ofo feet per minute.

RENADE TYPE FUZE5. This fuze is the same as that used in the Type '97 Hand Grenade and has an

verall length of 2.36-inches. It consists of a light brass cover, a fuze body, a cylindricalbe, an inertia pellet containing a firing pin, a creep spring and a safety device of the forkpe. There are two safety devices in this fuze, the safety fork already remarked upon andhe threaded firing pin. This is screwed up into the inertia pellet, exposing its head throughhole in the cover. In order to fire, the pin must be screwed down. The safety pin isemoved, and the head of the fuze is then hit with a mallet causing the firing pin to strikee detonator.

ETAILS ON LABEL6. The translation of the rectangular white paper label gummed on the side of the

andle is as follows:-Type '94 Floating Smoke Candle (B). '

Manufacturing details, i,e. No.2 Arsenal Tokyo December 1941.Method of Use.

, (i) , Ensure that the clamp is securely fastened.

(ii) Check the float to see that it is fully inflated.(iii) Do not remove the cover from the outer tube or moistureproof seal.(iv) Where a fuze is fitted. hold the fuze in the left hand" pullout the safety pin

slowly, then give the head of the fuze a sharp and accurate tap with a mallet.Make sure that the fuze is pointing in a safe direction when it starts


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3(v) When a delayed action igniter is used, it can either be used as it stands or the

fuze can be cut down to give the required burning time. The ignition cap isfitted separately, and should be rubbed with the scratcher block.

(vi) As soon as it ignites, throw the candle into the water, holding it sa that it willfloat in an upright poaition when it lands.

(vii) As a candle which is not smoking properly in the early stages is likely to explode,keep at least 10metres away from it until it has completely burned out.

PACKING AND IDENTIFICATIONCKING DETAILS

7. An unpainted wooden crate (43-inches long by 12 1/2-ins. wide and 6 1/2-ins.ep holds three of the candles and all their accessories which inelude 3 pairs of fixtures oramps for attaching the candle to the rubber float, 3 float tubes, 3 grenade type igniters andigniters (If the safety fuze type.

'S. The candles are wrapped in corrugated paper and the rubber fioats, wrappedgether, occupy the space between the wrapped candles and the box wall. The fuzes arentained in a round brownish cardboard box occupying a partitioned space (7i x 6-ins. )the end of the crate. The clamps used to attach the rubber floats to the candles fill themainder of this end of the crate.

9. The generators are painted either dark grey with a white label pasted on the side orht brown with circumferential white band. The light brown candle is believed to be a laterodel. However the Japanese nomenclature for both is Type '94 B Floating Smoke Candle.

Ml\fARY OF DATA.10. Complete weight

Overall lengthDiameterLength of CaudleLength of coverDiameter of cover

14i-lbs.31;-ins.3-ins.27-ins.4t-ins.3~-ins.

Rubber Float only.Outer diameterInner diameter

I lSi-ins.36-ins.

An air valve 1 lj2-ins, long is located 1 3/4-ins. from the outer edge. The float Las


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4HANDLING AND TRANSPORT .( Of Captured ammunition by Ordnance)

11. As regards the handling and transport by Ordnance, of this store, the samewill apply as.baTe already been mentioned in J.A. L. J. 2.

. 1. Amn." F ' ir st Is su e:


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R E S T R I C T E D . , ~P L A T E A

IGNITER.'--

.;.

IL,__ -- SAFETY F U Z E(IS T O 1 8 fEET .)CLAMPS.---

R U B B E . RFLOAT..-~

A IR V A L V E _ _ ; _ _ _ ' -

INSTRUCTION~BEL--- .. -

BODYPAINTEDDARKG R E .Y - - - - - ,

, S C R A T C H B L O CK - . __J

~APANESE.- T Y P E 94-8 F L O A T t N G ' - S M O K E " C A N D L En t \ \ t N S I~ S IN IN C H E S , (EXTERN'AL. VI EW,)


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FLATE 'B '

r----+---INNER MATCHMEAD LOWERA.ND.---~

T H R E A D E D B R A S S - - - - " - - ,C O L L A R .I G N IT E R T U S E . --++t+-i-t--t---tr.E M IS S IO N H O L E S . --f+-!+t-t-t-+-T IN fO IL S Q U A R E S --t+++tt-t~~~t:III).

TO P C O V E R . --~+++-t-+-+-+--II---

B OD Y ( S H E E T M E TA L)

1 l 4REAOEDBRA SS CI llARTAA t(S IT PLUG , ..... - -- -~SUPPORTINGTRUT.-----.J

STRUT.

J A P A N E S E , T Y P E '8 4 - B ' F L O A T I N G S M O K E C A N D L E .( I N T E R N A L D E T A I L S ) .

N S IO N S IN I N C H E S


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Restricted

-

TH IS LEA FLET MUST NOTF A L L IN T O E N EM Y H A N DS

D. O F A . (IN DIA ) S EC T I O N JA PA N E SE A M M UN IT IO N L EA FL ET S LEAFLET J4

TYPE '99-A SELF PROPELLING SCREENING SMOKE CANDLE

GENERALOne of these candles has recently been examined at Kirkee and the following description

based 011 this examination. Reference to this store has already been made in J. A. L. J2 at1of the table included with that Leaflet.2. To facilitate recognition and description of the candle, a Plate has been included

owing the construction and markings.

DESCRIPTION3. The candle is cylindrical in shape and consists of an outer container. inside which is

wooden block holding the propellant charge and an inner container holding the smokeomposition. During storage the candle is closed at either end by two lids secured by shelJacedhesive tape.

4. OUTER CONTAINER.

This is cylindrical in shape and is constructed of tin plate. 'I'he propellant charge is helda tin plate container which fits inside a recess in a wooden block. The propellant container,


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2hich holds 273grs, of G. P., is closed with a tissue paper disc and a cardboard washer. Theooden block is secured at the base of the candle by four nails. In the base of the woodenlock is a brass tube containing the match head and safety fuzewhich is connected to theropellant charge. A spike similar to that described in J. A. L. J2 is used to set the candle up.t the angle required to obtain the necessary range.

5. INNER CONTAINER.

By reference to J. A. L. J2 and to the Plate included with this Leaflet, it will be seenthat although the general design of the two candles is the same there are certain noticeabledifferences. The former has two smoke vents positioned three quarter way down the side of thenner container; the Type '99Acandle has onlyonesmoke vent, at the top of the inner container.Itis probable that the igniter channel also assists the escape of the smoke. Another differenceis in the make up of the igniter systems. The Type 99-A candle has a tube running centrallydown the whole length of the container. In the lower portion of this tube is a delay holdercontaining pressed G. P. The upper portion is filledwith an igniter composition. The mainfilling is Hexachlorethane Mixture Type () ) See (J. A. L. J2. Para. 10) The Toxic Candleshown at Plate B of J.A.L. J2 has only a short delay holder.

6. METHOD OFUSE.

This store is used in the same way as the candle described in J.A L. J2.

PACKING

7. As these candles did not arrive at Kirkee in their standard Japanese packing it is notpossible to give any more details than those already mentioned in J.A.L. J2.

IDENTIFICATION

8. The outer container is painted olive drab and bears white Japanese characters on theside and also a thin, white vertical line. 'Themeaning of this line is not clear but in view of itsposition relative to the match head slot, it is thought it may be used as a means of indicatingthe position of the match head at night. This marking has also been found on the Type 100Illuminating Self-propelling Candle and the Type 100Toxic Self-propelling Candle. It is alsothough t that it may act as an aimingmark. Dimensions and other details concerning thiscandle will be found in the Table included in J.A.L. J2.


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3HANDLING AND . TRANSPORT( Of captured ammunition by Ordnance)

9. The instructions already given in para. 12of J.A.L. J2 will apply.

. . O.A.S.

EXPLOSION/FIRE RISKGROUP CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION FOR SEA TRANSPORT .

Approximately 7'5 ozs,per candle.Group XI, Category " X ".

o . 1. Amn~,. ~First I~,


24/38

~ I_;.~ . . .0.1 uJI. ~~- 4:r - O C1; : tow < tCli i N ;; - s : z>::J ~ U I- ~- !!l ~ 0r 0 O C 0')- '-' ~t l- f/) N t5 w..J ~ 0oJ :J x:e n


25/38

Besto-ictedTHIS LEAFLET MUST NOTFALL INTO ENEMY HANDS

OF A. (INDIA)PANESE Al''{MUNITION LEAFLETS

SECTION JLEAFLET J5

JAPANESE. TYPE '94-A SCREENING SMOKE CANDLESLARGE AND SMALL'.

GENERALBeference has already been made to these types of candles in Sheet 1 of the Tablecluded m JAL J2. 'I'hese candles have recently been examined at Kirkee and the followingthe detailed report.TwoPlates are included with this Leaflet to assist description and to aid recognition.Plate A-Showing details of construction and markings of Type '94-A. Large, Candle.Plate B-Showing details of construction and markings ofType '94-A. Small Candle.

DESCRIPTION. TYPE '94-A. LARGE, SCREENING SMOKE CANDLE (STATIC)

The body of the candle ismanufactured from 24S.W.G. tin-plate, and a soldered seamns down the side. The ends are closedwith plates of the same material which are re.cessed~ ro~led011 to the body. Fitted through the top closing plate is a smaller inner contamer toIS attached the igniter tube of brass. This inner container is secured to the larger onea supporting piece which is threaded to take a screwon cover.. The wooden carrying handleattached to a metal ring which is secured to the head of the outer container by a nut andlt. ( Plate A ).. .Filling Type '94-A. Large.Both the body and inner container are filled with a C.T.C. type smoke mixture. Asese mixtures differ in composition from those given in J. A. L. J.2, they are reproducedre :-(a) Main Smoke Composition.

, Carbon TetrachlorideZinc MetalZinc OxideKieselguhr

36%30%25%9%


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2(b) Primary Smoke COID]2osition.

Carbon Tetrachloride 28%Zinc Metal 28%Zinc Oxide 34%Kieselguhr 10%

100%(c) Igniter Composition.Potassium Nitrate 44Aluminium 16.6Antimony sulphide 20Sulphur 16Ferric 0 xide . 2.6

99.2The igniter composition is the same as is used in the Type '99-A candle.

. The translation of the label found on the .candle, giving instruction for use, is as follows :-(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)( f )

"To ignite the candle take off the cap and remove the scratch block. Thenusing its painted surface, rub the igniter head.'Vhen the smoke spurts out, do not approach within two metres of the smokeport, as it gives out sparks.The smoke has an extremely high temperature; do not expose the body tothe smoke or use the candle near a'l.y inflammable mnt.erial.It is possible to use the candle from moving vehicles or on board ship, as wellas on the ground.When used on the ground it should be tipped into the wind.A defective candle can be ignited by setting its smoke port near the smokeport of a candle that is already burning."

. When the match head is rubbed it sets off he igniter composrtion, the thin walls ofigniter tube fall in and the primary smoke composition commences to burn. The walls ande of the primary smoke composition container are also very thin, these are molted and thusmain smoke filling is ignited. Smoke is vented through the hole in the top plate whereigniter is fixed. The burning time of the candle is 2minutes 21 seconds.TYPE '94-A SMALL SCREENING SMOKE CANDLE (HA ND-THROWN).The candle consists of a cylindrical container 7" in length and 2.08' in diameter, manu-tured from 27 S.W. G. tinplate containing the smoke composition.The body is closed with a tinplate disc in the centre of which is the igniter assembly.e match head itself is held in a lead ring and is covered with a moisture proof paper disclate B).

. Filling Type '9 4 - A Sma.ll.As in the case of the large candle the smoke composition is of the C.T.C. type.

Carbon TetrachlorideZinc DustZinc Oxide

44.5%22.5%24~0%


27/38

3The igniter composition is the same as is used in the Large Type 94-A Candle and the'99-A Candle.

S. The candle is wrapped in a double thickness of corrugated paper with an outer layerplain white paper on which are printed directions for use, a translation ofwhich is as follows:" The '94 Small Smoke Candle "A". "Directions for use:

(a) Remove thomoisture proof strip, take off the lid, push out the scratch block andrub the head of the match head composition on the surface of the block. whenit will ignite.(b) As some fire is omitted after ignition, and also because of the high temperatureof the smoke, the smoke aperture must not be turned towards the body;moreover it must not be used near anything inflammable.(c) In order to be able to throw the candle after ignition hold the lower part of it

in the hand, ignite it, and after making sure it is generating smoke throw it.(d) In cases where the initial emission of smoke is unsatisfactory, because of thedanger of explosion keep at least five metres from the candle and do notapproach until the smoke disappears.9. On rubbing the match head, it burns, initiating the igniting composition which inrn sets off the main smoke composition.

IDENTIFICATION10. TYPE '94-A LARGE. The store is painted blue grey or brown. On one side is a

hite painted label overstcncilled in black with Japanese characters which give the nomencla-re and the instructions for use translated in paragraph 5. Tho translation of the nomencla-re is: " Model 94 Smoke Candle (Large) ': A" "ummary of Data.11. Total Weight

\\ eight ofmain fillincWeight ofprimary smoke compositionWeight of igniter compositionLength ( excluding handle).Diameter " "

32.5Ibs.29 lbs. 2 ozs.30zs.35.2 grains.19.06.0'

12. TYPE '94-A SMALL. The candle is coloured dark green or brown and bears a whitend, indicating the type of filling, just below the lid. ThA painted markings on the lidobably indicate the date of filling and Lot Number.ummary of Data.13. Weight of complete candle

Length of complete candleDiameterlIb. 13.9 ozs.7'2.08'

PACKING14. TYPE '94-A LARGE. One Generator is packed in a plain wooden box together


28/38

415. TYPE '94-A S M A L L . 30 wrapped candles are packed .in a nailed wooden box

3ix7ix7!. The box is lined with cardboard and strengthened by wooden battens, 2 on eachide. Stencilled in black paint on each side is:-"Type '94

Small Smoke Candle A30 in number".

A label, pasted on each end, reads:-Pyrotechnics. Osaka Works.NAME Type '94 Small Smoke Candle (A).:CONTENTS 30Candles.PASSED September 1943.

HANDLING AND TRANSPORT(Of captured ammunition by Ordnance)

16. In regard to storage, handling and transport of both these types of candle, normalritish practice can be safely followed. Itshould be remembered that C.T. O. is under cert ainircumstances liable to spontaneous combustion. Unserviceable generators should be destroyedy burning in the normal way. Intropical climates C.T. C. fillings are likely to dry out onong storage. Reduction in the qua.ntity of C. T. C. produces violent burrring, though itannot burn without access to air.

EXPLOSION I FIRE RISK .. Large Assume 29 lbs. 5 ozs. por candle.Small Assume 1 lb. 8 oz. " "GROUP CLASSIFICATION ..CLASSIFICATION FOR SEA TRANSPORT

Group 11, Category XO.A:S.

Kirke.e.Fir.yl' Iesue

20th ay. 1946.


29/38

'. _." PLATE ARESTRICTED.

SCREW-ON CLOSING CAP

I SCR ATCH BLOCK"""'-IGNITER

~---""AIN SMOKECOMPOSITION

INSTRUCTIONLABE.L--__'"

k--TINNED-PLATE. BODY24sWc..MA rC H HE-A D HOLDE.R(LEAD OR BAKELITE) lI

. . JAPANESE TYPE 94A (LARGE),SC REE. N IN G SMOKE CANDLE

O'.6.PPOO"'A'~46..


30/38

RESTRICTE D. PLA1E'eTINNED PLA,.e: LID.SCR"T(~ B L O C K.MATCH HEAD HOLDER.(LEAD OR BAKELI, E )MATCH HEAD.WATERPROOF ADHES\VETAPE.\GNtiR COMPOSIT'

WHITE BAND

~~--MA'N F\LLlNGt+e- T'IPE.ere- 600'( PA\N'TEO DARK

..........:: :., ..; ; ;.,:: , "TINNED PLATE CONTA\NER IIII IiII!i

I III! i! .ii

'TIIIi

17

i1.lI='-----~:. . .~--2.0>--+..~

MARKING ON LID (WHiTE)I

&JAPANESE TYPE 94 A (SMALL)SCREEN ING SMOKE CANDLE .

. ..DlMEKSIOHSN' IDES. C.I.I\ ...K .s/1 4& 4K\RKEE. MAY 46.


31/38

Restrictedc (. . . .I(I I, . . _ . . ,T H IS L E A F L E T M U S T N O T

F A L L IN T O E N EM Y H A N DS"

D. O F A . ( IN D IA )A PA N E S E A M M U N IT 10N L E A F L E T S

S E C T I O N JL E A F L E T J 6

TYPE '89-A LACHRYMATORY CANDLE

GENERAL

1. Acandle of this type has not yet been received at Kirkee for examination; so thisLeaflet is based on G.S. 1. (t) and Am rican reports.A plate is included with this Leaflet from which details of construction and markingsay be clearly seen. '

DESCRIPTIONBODY

2. The body is constructed from tinplated steel of 28 S.W. G. with a soldered seamand is closed at the top and bottom with rolled on discs. The top closing disc is pierced withthree holes, the central hole for the igniter and two others for venting; these are sealed withsmall squares of adhesive tape. The cylinder is 7.2" in length and 2.0" in diameter. It isprovided with a push on cap which protects the match head and scratch block find is sealedwith adhesive tape.

M A IN F IL L IN G3. The generator is, charged with pale-yellow, rectangular. wafers the' composition ofhich is as follows;-

Chloracetophenone 1 7 1 0 277.4 grs.Nitrocellulose G 3 0 l a 2 ozs. !58 grs.

I r~ : ...1""-

Water 1 % 15.4 grs.


32/38

2This filling occupies nearly nll t.he volume of the casing. There are two circular pads

of cotton gauze secured to the underside of the top closing disc.IGINTION SYSTEM

4. This consists of the following parts and its make-up may be clearly seen from thePlate :-

(a) A Scratch Block.(b) A Match Head.(C) Slow burning Fuze.(d) An Ignition Mixture.

(e) Main filling.

'I'he scratch block consiste of a wooden disc, the upper surface of. which is coated withred phosphorus, it is normally stored on top of the generator under the lid, with th redphosphorus face upwards. 'I'he underside has a central recess lined with cotton wool. 'I'hisallows the striker to rest on top of the generator without fear of accidental ignition.

The match head is located in the centre of the top closing disc. The fuze of the slowburning type fits into a copper tube soldered into the und rside of the top cover.

At the bottom. t.his copper tube is expanded into a cup shaped bulb ill which theignition mixture is contained.METHOD OF USE

5. The match head is ignited by the scratch block. The fuze is thus initiated and inturn sets of the ignition mixture which cause the main filling to burn. The smoke producedby tho burning of the main filling escapes through the two vent holes at t.he top of thegenerator.

IDENTIFICATION

6. The cy linder is painted externally with a dark grey lacquer and is marked with a!'green band Gi" from t.he base of the cylinder. Markings on the lid are, numerals in white andthe letter in red.

PACKING7. No details are known concerning the packing of this store but it is thought that it

will be much- the same as that used by the Japanese for smoke candles of the Hand-thrownand Self-Propelled types (See J. A. L. J2).

SUMMARY OF DATA8. Complete Weight

Overall Length1/2.1b. (Main filling C.A.P. 3 ozs. 320 grs.)7.2-in.


33/38

.)v

HANDLING AN.D TRANSPORT( Of captured ammunition by Ordnance)

9. The generators may be treated for storage in the same way as equivalent stores mthe British Service.

XIIIEXPLOSION/FIRE RISKGROUP CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION FOR SEA TRANSPORT

C. W.

S. A. S. (R)

O. 1. Amn., , First Issue,


34/38

RESTRICTEDN~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

I . & J..J& . I i

. Clw~ 0 .. ZC fJ 4U J . . . ~! .0 0- c Zu,


35/38

Restricted

THIS LEAFLET MUST NOTFALL INTO ENEMY HANDS

. OF A.( INDIA)AP ANESE AMMUNITioN LEAFLETS

SECTION JLEAFLET J 7

JAPANESESMOKE

MODEL IGENERATOR (WHITE)TVPE

GENERAL

No specimen of this type of Generator has yet been received at Kirkee anti this Leaflets compiled from an Anti-Gas Laboratory report and drawing .. The report on which thiseaflet is based states that there is no previous information on this Generator;, certainly noeference to it has been found at -Kirk e. Presumably .its role is similar to that of Flares.R. or Grenades No. 83 in the British Service. especially as the colour of the smoke ispecifically denoted in the Japanese nomenclature.

DESCRIPTION

2. The generator is cylindrical in shape and is constructed of 28 S.W.G. tin-plate, Alle seams are folded and pressed. 1t is closed at the top by a shallow cup which carries theniter. A lid protects the match head and igniter; the match head itself is also protectedy a piece of cotton wool. No scratch block was present in either of the generators reportedn but there is sufficient space inside the lid to accommodate one and it, is thought that thisomponent would normally be found there. The igniter and priming oomposir.ion are contn ined


36/38


37/38

.- ,.J

HANDLING AND TRANSPORT( Of captured ammunition by Ordnance)

EXPLOSION/FIRE RISKGROUP CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION FOR SEA TRANSPORT

11. Category Y.

8. For particulars of storage and handling s e J.A L. J. 2. Paragraph I:!.

O.A.S.

C. 1. Amn., First Issue:


38/38

RESTR\CTED

10'1:

COT,. eN weOL

MAICH HE.AO

ADHESIVE. ,APE:----'

'TINNEO PLATE. CUP

.~ . .. . . . .. '. . .. '_--MAIH fILl.ING C..T.C.iYPE... .. '., . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ., \ ~ eo ..

LABELS .------

Documents

Japanese Ammunition Leaflets Section J - Japanese Chemical & Smoke Stores