Sharing Experiences between China, African countries, DAC MemberSharing Experiences between China, African countries, DAC Members & s & Multilateral Institutions to promote learning on Development ParMultilateral Institutions to promote learning on Development Partnershipstnerships

Session Session 11Development Partnerships Development Partnerships ––China and DonorsChina and Donors-- Their Their

Role in ChinaRole in China’’s Growth and Poverty Reductions Growth and Poverty Reduction

Japanese ODA to ChinaJapanese ODA to China

October 28, 2009Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

East and Central Asia and the Caucasus Department

Naohiro Kitano

Overview of Economic Cooperation to Chinaò ODA Loan: FY2007: 46.302 billion yen; cumulative: 3,316.486 billion yenò Grant aid: FY2008: 1.973 billion yen; cumulative: 153.093 billion yenò Technical cooperation (JICA basis*): FY2008: 3.391 billion yen; cumulative: 167.186

billion yen* JICA projects (cumulative) through FY2007: 87 technical cooperation projects, 212

development studies, 6,475 experts dispatched, 21,548 training participants accepted, 682 Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers dispatched, 16 senior volunteers dispatched

Japan’s Cooperation Philosophy

1. Equal Partnership2. Respecting Ownership & Leadership3. Variety of approaches combined to

meet China’s needs toward sustainable development

4. Policy coherence to provide Japanese ODA

Aid Administration

Minstry of Commerce:Grant

Minstry of Science and Technology:TC

JICA:TC,

Grant, ODA Loan

Former

JICA:TCFormer

JBIC:ODA Loan

Japanese Government

ChinaJapan

China EXIM

Tendering Company

Minstry of Finance:ODA Loan

Late 90’s

Local governments, Universities, NGOs

ODA Loan Commitments to China

0

50

100

150

2001979

1980

1979

/80

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

FY

Billion JPN

Environm ental Loan

Educational Loan

O ther(Infrastructure D evelopm ent, etc)

ODA Loans and Technical Cooperation to Rail/Port Sector in Northern China

Qinhuangdao

Qingdao

Lianyungang

Rizhao

ODA Loan Projects Related to Trans-portation Systems for Coal and Other Cargo: 18 projects; total amount provided:581.3 bil. yenTechnical Cooperation:Three-Port Master Plan (Qinghuangdao, Qingdao, Lianyungang)

Huanghua

Qingdao Port (Qianwan Area)

1st Phase :Japanese ODA Loan Projects

Master Plan was made by Japan China Joint Team in 1983

3rd Phase :PPP

2nd Phase: Japanese ODA Loan Projects

Qingdao Port (Qianwan Area)

1985Completed in 1993

Completed in 1999

1st Phase:Japanese ODA Loan

2nd Phase:Japanse ODA Loan3rd Phase: PPP

Completed in 2003

Annual Turnover of Qingdao Port

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

milli

on to

n

1st Phase:Japanese ODA Loan

2nd Phase:Japanse ODA Loan

3rd Phase: PPP

Qingdao EconomicDevelopment Zone

1985

Jiaozhou Bay Highway: Japanse ODA Loan

Completed in 1995

Railway:JapanseODA Loan

Completed in 1993

There are 500 Japanese enterprises in Qingdao with 500 million USD investment of which one third was invested in Qingdao Economic Development Zone.

Sewage Treatment Plant:JapanseODA Loan

Major Impacts of ODA Loans and Technical Cooperation to Rail/Port

Sector in Northern China1. Alleviating infrastructure bottlenecks for

domestic demand of coal and export2. Guiding regional development3. Poverty alleviation4. Provision of advanced technologies5. Transfer of institutional framework

Gansu 1979 → 2005

河南新郷鄭州間道路建設事業 黄河二橋

Road Sector

武漢天河空港

上海浦東空港

北京首都空港

蘭州空港 1979→2002

Airport Sector

Sanhe, Hebei

Baogang, ShanghaiEzhou, Hubei

Hancheng, Shannxi

Importing large scale thermal power plants with high combustion efficiency

Hejing, Shanxi

北京市 高碑店下水処理場

The First Large Scale Sewage Treatment Plant in Beijing:Japanse ODA Loan

1980’s 2001

Japan-China Friendship Environmental Protection Center

・Completed using grant aid (10.6 bil. JPY) in 1996.・Followed by TC from 1992 in 16 years.

・Earliest environmental cooperation in China(agreed in 1988).・Transferingtechnologies, enhencingpolicy research

waste

consumption

resource loading

recycling

production and sales

disposal

Promotion of Circular Economy Project (2008-2013)Circular Economy Promotion Law (promulgated in 2008)

1. Resource conservation and environmental protection Projects

2. Raising citizens’environmental awareness

4. Adequate management of waste

3. Creating a resource recycling system

Introduction of Modern Sewage Treatment System in 59 Cities (Japanese ODA Loan）

Gaobeidian sewage plant, Beijing

Chongqing Environmental Improvement Project

Lanzhou Environmental Improvement Project

Huai River Henan Water Pollution Control ProjectZhengzhou City, Pingdingshan City, Henan City, Zhumadian City＞Henan Province Nanyang City Environmental Improvement Project

Beijing Sewage Treatment Facility Construction Project

Huhhot Environmental Improvement ProjectHohhot and Baotou Environmental Improvement Project (II)

Heilongjiang Province Harbin City Water Environment Improvement ProjectHeilongjiang Songhua River Basin Environmental Improvement Project ＜ Mudanjiang City, Yansh＞ Jilin Song Liao River Basin Environmental

Improvement Project ＜ Jilin City, Songyuan Changchun City, Liaoyuan City＞Jilin Province Jilin City Comprehensive Environment Improvement Project

Anshan Environmental Improvement ProjectDalian Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Project ＜ Dalian City, Wafangdian City

Nanning Environmental Improvement ProjectGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yulin City Water Environment Improvement Project

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Yining City Comprehensive Environmental Renovation ProjectXinｊiang Environmental Improvement Project＜ Hami City, Tulufan City, Wusu City , Kuitun City＞Xinｊiang Environmental Improvement Project (II)＜ Aletai City, Atushi City＞

Guiyang Environmental Improvement Project

Yunnan Kunming Water Environmental Improvement Project

Ningxia Water Environmental Improvement Project ＜ Yinchun City, Shizuishan City＞

Sichuan Water Environmental Improvement Project ＜ Yibin City, Suining City, Mianyang City, Panzhihua City, Ziyáng City＞

Anhui Water Environmental Improvement Project

Suzhou Water Environmental Improvement Project

Tianjin Wastewater Treatment ProjectTsingtao Development Project (waterworks and sewerage)

Zhejiang Sewage Treatment Project ＜Hangzhou City, Dazhong City, Jiaxing City＞

Xi’an Environmental Improvement Project Shaanxi Water Environmental Improvement Project

Yichang Environmental Improvement Project

Xiang River Basin Hunan Environmental Improvement Project＜Yongzhou City, Yuuyang City, Changde City, Zhuzhou City, LinxiChangsha Diversion Works and Water Quality Environmental Project

日中林業生態研修センター

計画プロジェクト

山西省雁門関地区生態環境回復

および貧困緩和プロジェクト

新彊天然草地生態保護と

牧畜民定住プロジェクト

四川省森林造成計画プロジ

ェクト 四川省涼山州金沙江流域生態環境保全総合開発プロジェクト

Afforstration Projects for 14 Provinces (Technical Cooperation and ODA Loans)

2007/12/11 20

Biogas TanksPromotion of Circular Economy in Rural AreaEcoEco--environmental Construction and General Treatment environmental Construction and General Treatment Project of the Yangtze Upper Reaches in Sichuan Project of the Yangtze Upper Reaches in Sichuan Province (Japanese ODA Loan) Province (Japanese ODA Loan)

Project OutlineThis project aims to improve the eco-environment in 12 counties of Sichuan province by increasing forest area and reducing soil erosion through tree/grass planting and construction of methane gas production facilities that can contribute to a decrease in deforestation.

Project Effect Biogas Facilities

実証試験中のバイオガス発生装置

Methane gas Fertilizer

Toilet renovation

Cattle stall renovation

Kitchen renovation3 renovations

Gas stove

Gas lamp

Gas heater

Biogas Residue-based organic fertilizer

Excretion

Pond

3 renovations per pond

Countermeasures against Infectious Diseases: Polio Eradication・ Japanese cooperation began in 1991 in response to an epidemic in which more than 9,600 people were infected with polio in one year and more than 5,000 patients were hospitalized with the disease.・ A cumulative total of 130 experts were dispatched across China to transfer surveillance and laboratory technologies. In total, enough polio vaccine was provided for approximately 200 million people.・ In 2000, polio was eradicated from China.

• Over the three-year period beginning in 2006, design of pension plans in model prefectures, building fund management systems and other structures, and advising and training of related human resources have been conducted for extension across the country, with the goal of rebuilding the pension system in rural China.

• This project has achieved considerable success utilizing the unique characteristics of Japan, which has a similar legal culture and family structure and differs from the West in that it developed a system of universal health insurance while it still had a large agricultural population.

• In September 2009, the State Council announced guidelines reflecting the general framework of the lineup of system improvements proposed by the study team from Japan.

Study on Improvements to Rural Social Security Systems

Dispatch of Emergency Relief Workers¢ Emergency relief (supplies)• May 13: 60 million yen’s worth¢ Emergency relief workers

(relief teams)• May 15: team 1 (31 members)• May 16: team 1 (29 members)¢ Emergency relief workers

(medical team)• May 20: 23 members

July 1- 2: Recovery and Restoration Support SeminarSeminar led Mayor Tamio Mori of the city of Nagaoka (a former JICA expert), Masahiko Murata, Director of the Hyogo Prefecture Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution (which accepts training participants), and experts from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Hyogo Prefecture, Kyoto University, and elsewhere

HR Training (Technical Cooperation) on Earthquake-Resistant Construction

•Sept.: Project formulation study•May 12: R/D signing•Earthquake-resistant design, seismic diagnosis

•Standards for seismic reinforcement and sound construction

•HR training on systems

HR Training (Technical Cooperation) on Caring for Traumatic Stress

•Nov., Feb.: Project formulation studies, seminars•April 27: R/D signing (40 days after adoption)•Transfer of technology on caring for traumatic stress to related parties in public-health medicine, community activities, and education (Hyogo, Nakaoka)

Disaster Prevention: Recovery Assistance and Disaster-Prevention Cooperation in Response to the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

100 million yen

Province, Autonomous Region, Direct-Controlled Municipality

Loan Amount

Training (Included at Left)

FY2001: Shaanxi Province 60.2 2.8 Gansu Province 46.7 2.0 Sichuan Province 61.3 2.8 Chongqing (city) 46.8 2.2 Yunnan Province 45.4 2.2 Hunan Province 46.8 2.4 FY2002: Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 46.0 1.8

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 46.1 1.7 Guizhou Province 45.9 2.1 Jilin Province 45.3 1.8 Anhui Province 44.8 1.8 Henan Province 47.0 2.2 FY2003: Qinghai Province 28.1 1.2 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 26.4 1.1 Heilongjiang Province 49.7 2.3 Jiangxi Province 48.7 2.4 Hubei Province 51.0 2.4 Shanxi Province 50.9 2.2 FY2004: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 50.7 1.7

FY2005: Liaoning Province 57.8 3.1 Hebei Province 57.8 3.0 Hainan Province 31.5 1.7 Total 1,034.80 47.0

Higher Education ProjectsApproximately 200 universities and other institutions in Japan have accepted approximately 3,900 Chinese training participants from roughly 200 universities in China (from 22 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions).

XingjiangUygur

Xizang

Inner Mongolia

Guangxi Zhuang

Qinghai

Guizhou

Heilongjiang

Jilin

Liaoning

Shandong

Henan

Shanxi

Shaanxi

Ningxia Hui

Gansu

Hebei

Yunnan

Sichuan

Chongqing

Gunagdong

Hainan

Hunan

Jiangxi Fujia

nTaiwan

Zhejiang

Hubei

Anhui

Jiangsu

Shanghai

BeijingTianj

in

FY2001

FY2002

FY2003

FY2004

FY2005

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21

23

23

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Partnership Development Promoting local-local level cooperation

・There are 333 Japan-China sister-cities and friendship agreements.・163 Project under JICA Partnership Program・Over 20 cases under Japanese ODA Loan

Promoting local-local level cooperationReuse Technology of Sewage Sludge in Yinchuan City Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （ JICA Partnership Program ）

In response to a request from the government of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for technical aid, Shimane Prefecture is cooperating in the establishment of sludge processing technology that matches local conditions by conducting technical training/ transfer activities through JICA Partnership Program.

Project Outline

Sludge Utilization

Sludge composingUtilization of composed sludge

to horticulture

Shanghai 1981→Beijing 2008