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Jari-Jari Menakjubkan/MIA/Versi2.0BM/15-08-12 0 PROFIL AKTIVITI JARI-JARI MENAKJUBKAN MOHD IMRAN ARIF Centre of Learning Department Versi 2.0

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PROFIL AKTIVITI

JARI-JARI MENAKJUBKAN

MOHD IMRAN ARIF

Centre of Learning Department

Versi 2.0

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Tajuk:

Jari-Jari Menakjubkan

Pengenalan :

• Mata pelajaran biologi menawarkan ruang yang terhad untuk pelaksanaan amali dalam

kelas.

• Ini disebabkan fokus mata pelajaran ini adalah mengkaji tentang benda hidup. Maka ia

selalunya melibatkan pertimbangan untuk mengorbankan nyawa atau mencederakannya.

• Aktiviti Jari-jari Menakjubkan ini mencadangkan alternatif kepada kekangan seperti di atas.

• Melalui aktiviti ini, pelajar dapat dikenalkan dengan asas fisiologi tendon dan ligamen jari

manusia.

Mata pelajaran : Biologi

Hasil Pembelajaran :

Konsep sains – Tendon dan Ligamen

Objektif aktiviti :

Suatu aktiviti amali untuk guru dikenalkan dengan fisiologi tendon dan ligament jari manusia

menerusi model kertas buatan tangan

Hasil Pembelajaran :

Guru harus dapat menerangkan peranan tendon dan ligamen dalam fisiologi jari manusia

.

Umur Sasaran: Pelajar sains sekolah menengah

Saiz Kumpulan Yang Disyorkan: Aktiviti kelas

Anggaran Masa: 1-2 waktu kelas

Bahan yang Diperlukan:

Cetakan rangka model kertas (sila lihat lampiran untuk salinan induk)

Tali bulu kambing

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Persediaan :

1. Mula-mula, potongkan kedua-dua kepingan rangka model jari daripada cetakan.

2. Kemudian, pisahkan segmen-segmen model jari dengan membuat potongan pada garisan-

garisan yang bersambung.

3. Buat lipatan pada garisan putus-putus.

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4. Gunakan pita bermuka dua untuk melekatkan sisi-sisi bersama. Kedua-dua kepingan

seharusnya membentuk kotak berongga.

5. Sekarang, sediakan dua utas benang bulu kambing berbeza warna, kira-kira 15cm panjang

setiap satunya.

6. Sekali lagi gunakan pita bermuka dua untuk melekatkan kedua-dua kepingan itu bersama.

7. Tanggalkan kelumun pita pada bahagian hujung sahaja.

8. Lekatkan hujung kedua-dua tali ke bahagian melekat pita tadi.

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9. Lekatkan kedua-dua bahagian ini bersama dengan betul (pangkal bertemu pangkal).

10. Masukkan tali, setiap satunya secara berasingan ke dalam rongga-rongga jari model.

11. Inilah rupa hasilnya setelah siap dipasang.

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Aktiviti :

Latihan :

• Gunakan satu tangan untuk memegang model jari dan satu tangan lagi mengawal tali-tali

untuk membengkokkan dan meluruskannya. Lakukan beberapa kali untuk menjadi biasa

untuk mengawalnya.

Cabaran :

• Cari beberapa objek, bermula daripada yang paling ringan, dan cuba alihkannya sedikit

dengan membengkokkan model jari.

• Berapa banyak objek yang boleh anda alihkan dalam masa yang ditetapkan?

Cabaran Ringan

• Bolehkah anda garu belakang anda dengan model jari ini?

Cadangan Aktiviti Lanjutan :

• Bentukkan satu kumpulan yang mengandungi lima orang. Anda bersama-sama akan

membina satu tangan gergasi.

• Kepingan kadbod akan diberikan untuk dijadikan “tapak tangan”.

• Kemudian, bolehkah anda mengawalnya dan membuat jabat tangan?

• Jika boleh, teruskan dengan mencuba menggenggam beberapa objek ringan.

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Pengisian Sains

Nota aktiviti lanjutan :

* Aktiviti ini disediakan sebagai bahan amali bagi membantu pengajaran dan pembelajaran

guru-guru sains dalam kelas

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Pengukuhan amali aktiviti ini :

Bincangkan bersama pelajar maksud istilah-istilah berikut :

• tendon

• ligamen

• sendi

• sistem sokongan tubuh manusia

• sistem rangka

• sistem otot

Aplikasi dalam kehidupan :

Spesifikasi kurikulum :

• Ting. 2 / Sains / Bab 8 / Sokongan dan Gerakan / Sistem Sokongan Dalam Haiwan

• Ting. 5 / Biologi / Bab 9 / Pergerakan dan Koordinasi

Rujukan

Buku teks kurikulum kebangsaan • Science Form 2

Chapter 8 – Support and Movement. 8.1 Support Systems in Animals

• Biologi Tingkatan 5

Bab 9 – Pergerakan dan Koordinasi. 9.1 Sistem Sokongan

Laman sesawang • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger

(Dicapai pada pukul 3.11 pg; 15-08-2012)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon

(Dicapai pada pukul 3.12 pg; 15-08-2012)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology

(Dicapai pada pukul 4.50 pg; 15-08-2012)

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Lampiran

1 Cetakan rangka model kertas

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2 Isi-isi perbincangan utama yang dicadangkan

Vertebrates‟ support system is skeletal system. It means their bodies are supported by

skeletons. These skeletons are structured inside the body or “underskin” and thus vertebrates have

an endoskeleton support system – where endo means “in” or “inside”. Example is, us human.

However, some other vertebrates are supported by exoskeleton system – where exo means “out” or

“outside”. Examples are prawns and snails. Exoskeletal creatures are also said to have shells or

outershells.

The support system is also important for the locomotion of vertebrates. Can you imagine

human or animals living without these two? Among the specific important things that support and

enable locomotion of our body are tendons and ligaments. Ligaments join between bones and

bones, and tendons between bones and muscles.

Muscles and bones need to be “tied” together to ensure the support system works well and

the locomotion of body parts go smoothly accordingly. Many parts of our body contain muscles, but

not throughout our fingers. So when our fingers need to roll the muscles in our palms and forearms

contract. Next, the contraction affects the tendons – which act as wires – and pulls them in. As a

result, the fingers attached to those tendons will roll. Later when we release the grip, all the muscles

are relaxed and the folded fingers return to initial straighter position. Tendons are not flexible.

The action of the muscles and tendons that enable locomotion of our fingers is antagonal. It

means flexor tendons and extensor tendons work in opposite, either when we flex (roll) or

extend (straighten) our fingers. When one pulls, the other one loosen and vice versa.

Sumber : Fabulous Fingers/PSB/COL/SS/MIA/V1.0/09092009

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3 Bahan bacaan tambahan

A finger is a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of

humans and other primates. Normally humans have five digits, termed phalanges, on each hand

(exceptions are polydactyly, hypodactyly and digit loss). The first digit is the thumb, followed by

index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger or pinky. Some other languages use the

same generic term for all five digits of a hand.

English dictionaries describe finger as meaning either one of the five digits including the

thumb, or one of the four excluding the thumb (in which case they are numbered from 1 to 4

starting with the index finger closest to the thumb). Linguistically, it appears that the original

sense was to include the thumb as a finger.

All the five fingers have their own function and some of them are given a callname because of

what they do or where they locate or how they size. For example, the finger next to thumb is

index finger because we use it when we point out to something. The finger that comes afterward

is middle finger as it is flanked by others evenly before and after.

Fingers, though small, do most of human‟s daily tasks. Each finger may...

1. flex : the finger is flexed when it is rolled into palm.

2. extend : extension is produced by extending the flexed (bent) finger.

3. abduct : bringing two fingers away from each other in sideways.

4. adduct : adduction is when the two fingers taken apart are held together

closely again.

5. circumduct : is like drawing an „O‟ in the air using index finger.

Flexion is by far the strongest movement. In humans, there are two large muscles that

produce flexion of each finger, and additional muscles that augment the movement. Each finger

may move independently of the others, though the muscle bulks that move each finger may be

partly blended, and the tendons may be attached to each other by a net of fibrous tissue,

preventing completely free movement. This is particularly noticeable when trying to extend the

fourth digit (third finger) with the others flexed.

Fingers are usually moved under conscious control. In humans, they are used for grasping,

typing, grooming, writing, touching, and many other activities. They are also used in signaling,

as when wearing a wedding ring, finger counting or when communicating in sign language.

The fingertips possess the highest concentration of touch receptors and thermoreceptors

among almost all areas of the human skin, making them extremely sensitive to heat (and cold),

pressure, vibration, texture, and moisture. Thus fingers are commonly used as sensory probes to

ascertain properties of objects encountered in the world, and so they are prone to injury.

Fingers do not contain muscles other than arrector pili muscles. The muscles that move the

finger joints are in the palm and forearm. The long tendons that deliver motion from the forearm

muscles may be observed to move under the skin at the wrist and on the back of the hand.

Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger (Capaian : 9.29 pg; 15-08-2012)