JBIC Section-Biological Environment

8/11/2019 JBIC Section-Biological Environment

1/14


2/14

Clerodendrum infortunatum )inna :erbenaceae

Clidemia hirta 7elastomataceae

Clitoria ternatea ;il(&atorod 1abaceae

Cocos nucifera )ol recaceae

Crotalaria verrucosa


3/14

'othus scandens )ota(wel raceae

'remna obtusifolia 8el(midi :erbenaceae

'sidium gua(ava )era 7#rtaceae

'sychotria eylanica+ 6biaceae

)ichadia scrabra 6biaceae

chefflera sp. recaceae

colopia sp. 1lacortiaceae

ida acuta as(bevila 7alvaceae

+erminalia catappa ottamba /ombretaceae+rema orientalis admba ?lmaceae

+riumfetta pentandra Epala Tiliaceae

,ernonia eylanica+ )pla steraceae

-alidda antidysenterica+ dda poc#naceae

-edelia trilobata* 8edelia steraceae

.iiphus oenoplia Eramini#a 6hi@ophoraceae

3.2.1.2 A"#at$ !lora

AaticB amphibios flora consists of plant species characteristic to freshwater wetlands,

particlarl# abandoned padd# fields in the lowlands of 3ri 9an&a. The habitats available

in the wetland are of considerable diversit#. -esides the channels across the wetlands that

eventall# drain into -olgoda la&e, open water areas occr in the wetland and the# arethe relativel# deep areas of the wetland. 3ch areas are srronded b# patches of

herbaceos vegetation that consists of marsh plants.


4/14

Glochidion Coriaceu Ephorbiaceae

Antidesma ghaesembilla -(embilla Ephorbiaceae

Glochidion stellatum irilla Ephorbiaceae

Canavalia cathartica 8al bonchi 1abaceae

&sbeckia aspera -owiti#a 7elastomataceae

!orsfieldia iryaghedhi 7alaboda 7#risticaceae

&lax "mbricata Telati#a >lacaceae

Cinnamomum sp/ rnd 9araceae

Table $ AaticB ambhibios plants in )anape wetland C ( Endemic speciesD

3cientific name :ernaclar name

Cyperus difformis

Cyperus haspanCyperus iria

Cyperus pilosus

)hyncospora corymbosacoenoplectus grossus

Echinochloa colonum

"sachne globosa'anicum repens

'andanus sp/

#ud$igia decurrens

#imnocharis flava

Monochoria vaginalis#agenandra ovata

Exacum sp/*

Thnessa

*alpan8el hiri

Thnessa

Thn hiri#a

8el mar&

-atadellaEtora

8eta&e#a

8el(&aramb

=i#a gowa

etala

-inara


5/14

area ot of which one, i.e. 0enochrophis asperrimus C=i#a bari#aD is endemic to 3ri

9an&a. )#thons which are rare sna&es in the area ma# find their territories and nmber of

habitats shrin& once the road is constrcted and the# will become more vlnerable./innamon plantations arond rndgahahete&ma is the onl# area where the endemic

small mammal species CAxis porosnus D C8il mwa(3D are fond in 3ri 9an&a.

Table 4 presents the diversit# of btterflies, a major grop of pollinators, fond to occr

along the -/ trace while Table 5 presents the reptiles reported to occr in the area.

These species were also &nown to occr in and arond the )anape wetland.

Table 4 3pecies of btterflies recorded along the -/ trace of the sothern highwa#.

B#tter!les

The nigger

The white for(ring

The lesser grass ble

The ble tiger

The common je@ebel

The plains cpid

=ar& cerlean

The gre# pans#The peacoc& fans#

The indian dart

The Three(spot grass #ellow

/ommon crow

/ommon sailor


6/14

Col#*r&ae

1oiga trigonata /ommon cat sna&e

Amphiesma stolatum -ff(striped &eelbac&

0enochrophis asperrimus 8ater sna&e Endemic

Ela&ae

%a(a na(a /obra

1ungarus ceylonicus 3ri 9an&an &raits EndemicB Threatened

Geo%&ae

!emidactylus brookii *ose ec&o

!emidactylus maculatus 3potted roc& gec&o

!emidactylus triedrus Termite hill gec&o

Ra%&ae #imnonectus limnocharis /ommon padd# field frog

)ana temporalis /ommon wood frog

Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 8ater s&ipper

Vara%&ae

,aranus bengalensis 9and 7onitor

,aranus salvator 8ater monitor Endemic

S$%$&ae

7ab#a carinata /ommon s&in&


7/14

/erest&ae

!erpestes smithii 3ri 9an&a rdd# mongoose

!erpestes viticollis 3triped nec&ed mongoose Threatened

/+str$&ae

!ystrix indica )orcpine Threatened

Cer$ote$&ae

+achypithecus vetulus )rple faced leaf mon&e# Endemic

Macaca sinica ToAe mon&e# Endemic

S$#r&ae

)atufa macroura iant sAirrel

Funambulus palmarum )alm sAirrel /ommon

M#r&ae

Mus mesculus ndian hose mose /ommon

)attus ratus *ose rat /ommonB

Axis porosnus 8il mwa Endemic

3.2.2.2 A"#at$ !a#%a

nvertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, insects and mammals constitte the fana of


8/14

&reochromis mossambicus Teppili ntrodced 1reshwater

&/ niloticus

Ca%%&ae

Channa striata ;ative 1reshwater

Channa punctata ola &ana#a ;ative 1reshwater

Clar&ae

Clarias brachisoma 7agra Endemic 1reshwater

A%a*a%t&ae

+richogasterpectoralis 7ada&ana#a ntrodced 1reshwater

Chitala ornatus* nife 1ish ntrodced 1reshwater

3.2.2.3 A0a% !a#%a

Table ! smmarises the bird diversit# associated with the wetlands of )anape . nterviews

with the villagers revealed that migrator# bird species, of which the# do not &now the

names and large birds sch as )elicans and 9arge Egrets visit this wetland dring certaintimes of the #ear. 3ince the srve# was done dring the months of ne(gst the

members of the srve# team were not able to observe them in the field.

Table ! terrestrial and aAatic birds reported to visit the wetlands of )anape

C)1 F )add# fieldG 9/ 89 F 8etland F 9ow /ontr#G ? F ?rbarn areaG )1 F bandonedpadd# fieldG * F *ome gardenG > F >pen areaG H F ll HonesG 9=H F 9owland dr# @oneG

98H F 9owland wet @oneG :/ F :er# /ommonG / F /ommonG 7i F 7igrantD

3cientific ;ameB1amil# English ;ame *abitats Stat#s

cciptridae

ccipiter badis 3hi&ra * VC

li i d h i &i B VC
http://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=striatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=punctatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralishttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralishttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=striatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Channa&Species=punctatahttp://filaman.uni-kiel.de/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.cfm?Country=Sri%20Lanka&Genus=Trichogaster&Species=pectoralis


9/14

;#cticorax n#cticorax ;ight heron 7B89B)1 C

/entropodidae

/entrops sinensis reater cocal * VC

/haradriidae

:anells indics 6ed(wattled lapwing >B89B)1 VC

/olmbidae

3treptopelia chinensis 3potted dove *B> VC

Treron bicincta >range breasted green pigeon * C

Treron pompadora )ompador green pigeon * C

/orvidae

egithina tiphia /ommon ora *B89 C

/orvs macrorh#chos ngle crow *B89 VC

/orvs splendens *ose /row *B89 VC

=icrrs caerlescens 8hite(bellied drongo 89B7B)1B* VC

>riols xanthorns -lac&(hooded oriole *B7 VC

/clidaeEd#nam#s scolopacea sian &oel * VC

=endroc#gnidae

=endroc#gna javanica 9esser whistling dc& 89B)1 VC

*alc#onidae

*alc#on capensis 3tor& billed &ingfisher 7B89 C

*alc#on sm#rnensis 8hite(brested &ingfisher *B)1B89B? VC

*irndinidae

*irndo darica 6ed(rmped swallow )1, 89 C

*irndo rstica -arn swallow )1, 89 VC,M


10/14

;ectariniidae

=iacaem er#throrh#nchos Tic&ellIs flower pec&er * VC

;ectarina @e#lonica )rple(rmped snbird *B)1B89 VC

;ectarinia asiatica )rple snbird * VC

;ectarinia lotenia 9otenIs snbirds 7B* VC

)asseridae

9onchra striata 8hite(rmped mnia *B)1 VC

)elicanidae

nastoms oscitans >pen bill stor& )1B89 C

)elicans philippensis 3pot billed pelican 89

)halacrocoracidae

)halacrocorax niger 9ittle /ormorant )1B89B7 C

)hasianidae

)avo cristats ndian peafowl )1B> C

)ittidae

)itta brach#ra ndian pitta * C,M

)sittacidae

)sittacla epatria lexandrine para&eet * C

)sittacla &rameri 6ose(ring para&eet *B? VC

)#cnonotidae

)#cnonots cafer 6ed(vented blbl *B?B> VC

)#cnonots lteols 8hite(browed blbl *B?B> VC

6allidae

marornis phoenicrs 8hite(breasted waterhen 89B)1B7 VC

allinla chlorops /ommon moorhen 89B)1 C

)orph#rio porph#rio )rple swamphen 89B)1 VC


11/14

2.1 Flora

2.1.1 Terrestral !lora

The major deviation that occrs in the -/ section of the trace lies at -andaragama area

Cbetween 0!+000 and 2"+000D and it traverses across a relativel# small Ccompared to-olgoda wetlandsD patch of wetlands sitated arond )anape ela CstreamD.

3ince the terrestrial flora is represented primaril# b# the flora of home gardensconstrction of the road ma# not lead to complete loss of these species, bt will redce

significantl# the available habitats for fana, inclding birds and particlarl# the insectsthat are of extreme importance as pollinators. *arvests from home gardens depend

largel# on the pollination sccess and when the pollinators lose habitats and ths srvivalin the area agricltral prodce too will decline.

2.1.2 A"#at$ !lora

8etlands of )anape represent an abandoned padd# field and the floral species present are

characteristic to sch environments, as sch removal of these species from the area ma#not contribte immensel# to decrease plant diversit# in general. The onl# endemic plant

species encontered in the area CExacum spD is also rare and of high potential as an

ornamental plant.

7an# wetland plant species are traditionall# sed b# the villagers for sbsistence ses

sch as sedges for weaving mats and other hosehold items and with the road

constrction sch opportnities will not be available for the villagers.

lthogh the wetland arond )anape is going to be reclaimed and changed with all the

impacts discssed herein, sggestion to deviate it to the present trace will prodce less


12/14

endemic mammalAxis porosnuswill not be affected b# the deviated road trace, however

road &ills of this rare species ma# ta&e place as the cinnomon plantations have been

fragmented b# the major trace Ccombined traceD. )ollinators will lose habitats and thstheir role will be hampered reslting local declines in crop harvests, particlarl# frits.

2.2.2 A"#at$ !a#%a

8ith the proposed activities of the road constrction, habitats for aAatic fana,

particlarl# fish will be largel# lost permanentl#. )anape wetlands spport otters, aprotected animal in 3ri 9an&a. 6emoval of vegetation, reclamation and noise created b#

the traffic will ma&e this site nfavorable for them and ma# leave the area with time asthis wetland is connected to -olgoda la&e wetland complex and al ganga.

2.2.3 A0a% !a#%a

)anape wetland at the deviation is a site that a considerable nmber of resident as well asa few migrator# birds visit de to its sheltered localit# and relativel# low distrbance.

8ith reclaiming part of it for the road and de to sbseAent introdction of traffic, this

will become nsitable as a bird habitat and it will affect bird poplations, leading todeclining diversit# among them.

/learing vegetation will redce the habitats, food and shelter for the avifana and thiswill lead to decline in their poplation si@es. -irds are seed dispersal agents and low

nmbers of birds in the area ma# affect natral seed dispersal and in trn will negativel#

affect terrestrial plant diversit#.


13/14


14/14

Documents

JBIC Section-Biological Environment