Jean paul sartre report french foreign language

Jean Paul SartreReportForeign Language I (French)LNG-111Institute of Business & Technology (IBT)

Semester : Fall – 2012Instructor : Dr. Sarwan Altaf AbbasiGroup Member :Noor Nabi Sheikh BB-2095Hafeez - Allah BB-2084Kafil Ahmed BBE-661Yaqoob Ali BM-1113Maaz Uddin BB-25227





Jean Paul Sartre

Jean Paul Sartre | Fall - 2012 | Noor Nabi Shaikh Group| Page 2 of 13

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Table of Content

1) Acknowledgement……………………………………….32) Abstract…………………………………………………..33) Keywords………………………………………………...34) Introduction……………………………………………....45) Philosophies and Views………………………………...6

(a) Existentialism…………………………………………6(b) Sartre with Marxism………………………………….6(c) Philosophical views…………………………………..6(d) Sartre as Historian……………………………………7(e) Sartre’s Political Philosophy………………………...7(f) The War Years………………………………………..8(g) Sartre when offered Nobel Prize……………………8(h) Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir…………………….8(i) Social Life……………………………………………...9

6) Sartre Work……………………………………………...107) Conclusion…………………………………………….....128) Problems………………………………………………....129) References or Bibliography…………………………….13

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AcknowledgmentFirst of all, we are thankful to Almighty Allah (The most gracious andthe most powerful, the knower of what’s seen and unseen), for givingus the courage and power to learn and to apply our knowledge for thebenefits of mankind.We would like to express profound gratitude to our teacher, Dr.

Sarwan Altaf Abbasi for their support, encouragement, supervision anduseful suggestions throughout this project work on “Jean Paul Sartre”.We would not have been able to finish this wonderful project withouthis support and guidance. Thank you for patiently guiding usthroughout this project and motivating us to work at our best. All groupmember co operate with each other cover collect sort and gatherinformation on it. Group members are Noor Nabi Sheikh, HafeezAllah, Kafil Ahmed, Yaqoob Leghari and Maaz Uddin.

AbstractThis report is about the French Philosopher, writer of several Frenchnovels and plays, critic writer and political activist. He also servedFrench army. This report is concerns with the French language’s greatbiographer and autobiographer. At the start of World War II, Sartre wasconscripted into the military. Sartre served in the meteorologicalservice, launching weather balloons.Unfortunately, Sartre was captured on 21 June 1940.Imprisoned wherehe wrote some of his major work. Sartre escaped in March 1941. Hislife is an example of hard working and peak of philosophicalintellection.Keywords: Jean Paul Sartre, Great French Philosopher, FrenchExistentialist, Simone de Beauvoir and her friend.As author of Laputain respectueuse, La nausea, Réflexions sur la question juive andL'Existentialisme est un humanisme

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Name: Jean-Paul Charles Aymard SartreBorn: 21 June 1905 Paris, FranceDied: 15 April 1980 (aged 74) Paris, France

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Jean Paul Sartre


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Jean Paul SartreIntroduction:

A French existentialist, philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter,political activist, biographer and literary critic. He was one of theleading figures in 20th century French philosophy, existentialism, andMarxism, and his work continues to influence fields such as Marxistphilosophy, sociology, and literary studies.Sartre entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1924 received firstplace in the agrégation of philosophy in 1929. There, he met Simonede Beauvoir, who studied at the Sorbonne and later went on tobecome a noted thinker, writer, and feminist. They became inseparableand lifelong companions. Sartre took a teaching job at a Lycée in LeHavre. There he wrote his first novel, Nausea in 1938.

In 1939 Sartre was drafted into the French army, where he served as ameteorologist. German troops captured him in 1940 in Padoux, and hespent nine months as a prisoner of war.

While a prisoner of war, his first theater piece: Barionà, fils du tonnerre,a drama concerning Christmas.

After the war Sartre abandoned teaching, determined to supporthimself by writing. He was also determined that his writing and thinkingshould be engagé.

Sartre suffered from detrimental health throughout the 1970s. He diedof a lung ailment in April 15, 1980.

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Existentialism:Existentialism-A philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness andisolation of the individual experience in a hostile or indifferent universe,regards human existence as unexplainable, and stresses freedom ofchoice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts.Sartre's introduction to his philosophy is his work Existentialism is aHumanism (1946).Sartre finds the essence of human existence in freedom in the duty ofself-determination and the freedom of choice and therefore spendsmuch time describing the human tendency toward "bad faith," reflectedin humanity's perverse attempts to deny its own responsibility and fleefrom the truth of its inescapable freedom.

Sartre with MarxismBesides existentialism writings, Sartre also wrote about Marxism.Marxism-the synthesis of philosophy and political action.Any politicalpractice or theory that is based on an interpretation of the works ofMarx and Engels may be termed Marxism.

Philosophical Views:In his philosophical view atheism is taken for granted; the "loss of God"is not mourned. Man is condemned to freedom, a freedom from allauthority, which he may seek to evade, distort, and deny but which hewill have to face if he is to become a moral being. The meaning ofman's life is not established before his existence. Once the terriblefreedom is acknowledged, man has to make this meaning himself, hasto commit himself to a role in this world and has to commit his freedom.And this attempt to make one-self is futile without the "solidarity" ofothers.Sartre is one of those writers for whom a determined philosophicalposition is the centre of their artistic being. Although drawn from manysources, for example, Husserl's idea of a free, fully intentionalconsciousness and Heidegger's existentialism, the existentialismSartre formulated and popularized is profoundly original. Its popularityand that of its author reached a climax in the forties, and Sartre's

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theoretical writings as well as his novels and plays constitute one ofthe main inspirational sources of modern literature. In his philosophicalview atheism is taken for granted; the "loss of God" is not mourned.Man is condemned to freedom, a freedom from all authority, which hemay seek to evade, distort, and deny but which he will have to face ifhe is to become a moral being. The meaning of man's life is notestablished before his existence. Once the terrible freedom isacknowledged, man has to make this meaning himself, has to commithimself to a role in this world, has to commit his freedom. And thisattempt to make one self is futile without the "solidarity" of others.His central philosophical work, L'Etre et le néant (Being andNothingness), 1943, is a massive structuralization of his concept ofbeing, from which much of modern existentialism derives. Theexistentialist humanism which Sartre propagates in his popular essayL'Existentialisme est un humanisme (Existentialism is a Humanism),1946, can be glimpsed in the series of novels, Les Chemins de laLiberté (The Roads to Freedom), 1945-49.[1]

Sartre as HistorianSartre rejects the idea of historical determinism; as in a chess game“each blow dealt by the one is dodged or parried or blocked by theOther” and alludes to Game Theory to demonstrate the indeterminacyof history. It is clear enough however, that while justifiably rejecting thepossibility of a worldwide “fused group” indefinitely holding on to thefree creativity attained in the white heat of revolutionary change. Theimplication is that we must be reconciled to a world of the practico-inert, punctuated by moments of freedom in which the bricks arerearranged.

Sartre’s Political Philosophy: The touchstone of this approach has tobe Sartre’s analysis of the Russian Revolution. His conclusion doesnot rely on any contingency of the twentieth century, the isolation of theRevolution in backward Russia, the death of Lenin, the devastation ofthe War, the betrayals of social-democracy, and the prematureness ofthe Revolution, the mistake of a dictatorship of the proletariat or any

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such thing. Sartre both justifies the Stalinist bureaucracy and thebarbarism of the Purges, and deduces them as an a historical logicalnecessity. [2]

The War Years: At the start of World War II, Sartre was conscriptedinto the military once again. Sartre served in the meteorologicalservice, launching weather balloons. Unfortunately, Sartre wascaptured on 21 June 1940. While in the Stalag , Sartre spend much ofhis time writing what was to become Being and Nothingness.According to one biographer, Sartre neglected himself whileimprisoned, washing rarely, failing to shave, and developing areputation for being rather foul. Sartre escaped in March 1941. Hemanaged to return to Paris and somehow returned to his teachingpost.In June 1943, Sartre's anti-Nazi play “The Flies” opened at a Paristheatre. Despite the play's lack of subtlety, even uniformed Germansoldiers attended the production. The play closed after 40performances, but left quite an impression among the artisticcommunity of Paris. By 1945, at the end of World War II, Sartre foundhimself famous -- and "existentialism" was the philosophy to study.Sartre spread his idea through his editorship of the magazine, LesTemps Modernes. The publication was named for the Charlie Chaplinfilm Modern Times, considered a masterpiece by many.[6]

Sartre when offered Nobel Prize:He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature and refused it,saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer shouldnot allow himself to be turned into an institution.[3]

Sartre and Simone de BeauvoirDe Beauvoir and Sartre met in 1929 when they were both studying forthe aggregation in philosophy, the elite French graduate degree. DeBeauvoir came second to Sartre's first, though the examiners agreedshe was strictly the better philosopher and at the age of 21 theyoungest person ever to have sat the exam. But Sartre, the futureauthor of Being and Nothingness, was bold, ingenious, exuberant in

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his youthful excess, the satirical rebel who shouted, "Thus pissedZarathustra" as he hurled water bombs out of classroom windows.De Beauvoir had declared that whatever her many books and literaryprizes, whatever her role in the women's movement or as anintellectual ambassador championing causes such as Algerianindependence, her greatest achievement in life was her relationshipwith Sartre - philosopher, playwright, philanderer.

Social Life:Sartre felt most at home in cafés and restaurants where he couldannex space by dominating the conversation and exhaling smoke….But, like Kafka, he never felt more free than when he was writing,creating an imaginary space. Paper as magic carpet; pen as wand….After a paradisal infancy centered on the belief that he was beautiful,he systematically tried to reject his body. To reassure his mind that ithad nothing to fear from sibling rivalry with his mal-treated body heconsistently ignored all messages [his body] sent out. He resistedfatigue, treated pain as if it were a challenge. To step up hisproductivity he made reckless use of… stimulants, taking sedativeswhen he wanted to relax. He resented the time he had to spend onwashing, shaving, cleaning his teeth, taking a bath, excreting, and hewould economize by carrying on conversations… through thebathroom door. He had no personal vanity…. When his smoke-stainedteeth began to decay, he refused to waste time on seeing a dentist….He took immeasurable pride in his intellect — “I’ve got a goldenbrain.”[4]

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Sartre’s works:• L'imagination (), 1936• La transcendance de l'égo (The Transcendence of the Ego) 1937• La nausée (Nausea), 1938• Le mur (The Wall), 1939• Esquisse d'une théorie des émotions (Sketch for a Theory of the

Emotions), 1939• L'imaginaire (The Imaginary), 1940, lit. "The Unconscious"• Les mouches (The Flies), 1943 - a modern version of the Oresteia• L'être et le néant (Being and Nothingness), 1943• Réflexions sur la question juive (Anti-Semite and Jew; literally,

Reflections on the Jewish Question), 1943• Huis-clos (No Exit), 1944• Les Chemins de la liberté (The Roads to Freedom) trilogy,

comprising:• L'âge de raison (The Age of Reason), 1945• Le sursis (The Reprieve), 1947• La mort dans l'Âme (Troubled Sleep, title formerly translated as

Iron in the Soul, literally "Death in Spirit"), 1949• Morts sans sépulture (Deaths without burial; aka The Victors),

1946• L'Existentialisme est un humanisme (Existentialism is a

Humanism), 1946• La putain respectueuse (The Respectful Prostitute) 1946• Qu'est ce que la littérature? (What is literature?), 1947• Baudelaire, 1947• Situations, 1947 –1965• Les mains sales (Dirty Hands), 1948• "Orphée Noir" (Black Orpheus), introduction to Anthologie de la

nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache. edited by Léopold SédarSenghor, 1948

• Le diable et le bon dieu (The Devil and the Good Lord), 1951• Les jeux sont faits (The Game is Up), 1952• Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr, 1952• Nekrassov, 1955

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• Existentialism and Human Emotions, 1957• The Problem of Method, 1957• Les séquestrés d'Altona (The Condemned of Altona), 1959• Critique de la raison dialectique (Critique of Dialectical Reason),

1960• "Preface" to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, 1961• Search for a Method (English translation of preface to Critique,

Vol. I) 1962• Les mots (The Words), 1964 - autobiographical• L'idiot de la famille (The Family Idiot), 1971–1972 - on Gustave

Flaubert [5]

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Conclusion:This report is a fruit of our foreign language course's project. Underwhich we learned many things about French language and Frenchculture. Our topic of final project was to write a report on the life of TheGreat French Philosopher "Jean Paul Sartre". Search and research onhis life and works taught us plenty of knowledgeable and useful things.Like his philosophies on politics, criticism on literature, expressions offeelings in novels and management and sorting of his life's parts. it hasnothing like suspicious upon his greatness and patriotism with hiswork. He devoted all his life to his work and in his payment Literaturelovers offered him highest award of the world "Nobel Prize" to whomhe refused, saying that “an artist should not be work for awards andappreciations"

Problems:We face difficulties we have not learn French properly and cannotspeak frequently. So we do not such information about the greatFrench Philosopher Jean Paul Sartre. So we could not understandwhat kind of French literature Sartre have written in his plays,screenplays, novels and his philosophical writings. While collectinginformation and different writing material we got to know that whatimportance Sartre have in French culture, literature, philosophy andnovels.

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References or Bibliography:

1. (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1964/sartre-bio.html)

2. (http://home.mira.net/~andy/works/sartre.htm)3. (http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1964/

press.html)4. - Sartre; Hayman, p. 21–22

(http://sd2cx1.webring.org/l/rd?ring=existentialism;id=8;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tameri.com%2Fcsw%2Fexist%2Fsartre.shtml)

5. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre#Works)6. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre#World_War_II)

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1964/

http://home.mira.net/~andy/works/sartre.htm

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1964/

http://sd2cx1.webring.org/l/rd

www.tameri.com%2Fcsw%2Fexist%2Fsartre.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre#Works

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre#World_War_II

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