jif{ @$ cÍ @& @)&&...2 ÷ alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ kq o; cª\sdf l ;DkfbsLol alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd M Ps lrgf/Ll alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf d'Vo ultljlwx¿alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf]

$Page 1: jif{ @$ cÍ @& @)&&...2 ÷ alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ kq o; cª\sdf l ;DkfbsLol alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd M Ps lrgf/Ll alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf d'Vo ultljlwx¿alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf]$
1 ÷alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ kq

jif{ @$

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ kq

cÍ @& @)&&

2 ÷ alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dfrf/ kq

o; cª\sdf

l ;DkfbsLo

l alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd M Ps lrgf/L

l alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf d'Vo ultljlwx¿


;DkfbsLo

/fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf ljleGg :ynut cfof]hgf dWo]sf] Ps alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn]

;g\ !(*( b]lv alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf cfwfl/t /xL jGohGt' ;+/If0f / :yflgo

;d'bfo nlIft lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn sfo{qmdn] alb{of

/fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q, afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q tyf s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qdf

jGohGt' cWoog, cg';Gwfg, jf;:yfg Joj:yfkg, ;+/If0f lzIff, dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0f

tyf j}slNks cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; cnjf g]kfnsf] klZrd

If]qe/L ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p¢f/ tyf k'g{:yfkgdf klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 o;

c+sdf xfdLn] alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$ b]lv @)&^÷&& ;Dd ;Dkfbg u/]sf

dxTjk"0f{ ultljlwx¿nfO{ ;d]6]sf 5f}+ . o; cjlwdf ljz]iftM af3 tyf af3sf cfxf/f k|hfltsf]

cg'udg, uf]xL, afx|l;Ëf, xfQL, u}+8f nufot dxTjk"0f{ jGohGt' / tLgsf jf;:yfgsf] cWoog,

cg'udg / cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0fsf

nflu ;'wfl/Psf] vf]/, j}slNks afnL, ljB'lto tf/af/ nufPtsf lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ul/Psf]

5 . kof{ko{6gsf dfWodaf6 :yflgo :t/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .

sfo{qmd cGtu{t dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o"jf kl/rfng cleofg,

ko{6g ;]jf k|bfos tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf]

5 . o;}u/L ;+/lIft If]q sfof{nox¿nfO{ sfg"g sfof{Gjog tyf u:tL kl/rfngsf nflu

cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .

oL ljljw lqmofsnfkx¿ ;DalGwt ;+/lIft If]q sfof{no, dWojtL{ If]q ;~hfn tyf cGo

;/f]sf/jfnf / bft[ lgsfo÷;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;Dkfbg ul/Psf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf xfdLnfO{

k|ToIf, ck|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGoafb 1fkg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .

;+/If0fsf] efjgf ;a}df hfu[t xf];\ .

æho ;+/If0fÆ


alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd M Ps lrgf/L

k|s[lt, k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zosf ;fy /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . xfn sf]ifn] pRr lxdfnL If]qb]lv t/fO{;Ddsf] e"efudf ljleGg !) j6f :ynut cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/cfPsf] 5 . sf]if cGtu{t ;~rflnt cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgf, uf}/Lz+s/ ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgf, dgf:n' ;+/If0f If]q cfof]hgf, ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf, h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f s]Gb|, alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd / z'SnfkmfF6f ;+/If0f sfo{qmddWo] alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h, s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]q tyf h}ljs dfu{ Pjd\ ;fd'bflos jg If]qx¿df ljleGg ;+/If0fd"ns s[ofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf klxnf] k6s @)$# ;fndf :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf u}+8fx¿sf] j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)$^ ;fndf sf]ifåf/f h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f s]Gb|, lrtjgsf] zfvf sfof{nosf] ?kdf alb{ofsf] 7fs'/afaf–( -;flas 7fs'/åf/f–%_ a]txgLdf o; sfo{qmdsf] sfof{no :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . @)$& b]lv @)%) ;fn;Dd ljz'4 h}ljs ljljwtf ;DalGw j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf dfq sfd ul/cfPsf] o; sfo{qmdn] @)%) ;fndf o; If]qdf lgtfGt cfjZos b]lvPsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;'ne

agfpg] p2]Zon] 7fs'/åf/fdf :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/L ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf] If]qdf sfo{qmd lj:tf/ u/]sf] xf] . tTkZrft qmlds ?kdf dfgj–jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0f, ;fd'bflos tyf n}lËs ljsf;, kof{ko{6g, j}slNks hLljsf]kfh{gsf ljljw sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf 5g\ . @)%@ ;fnb]lv o; sfo{qmdnfO{ alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd gfdf+s/0f ul/ /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] 5'§} cfof]hgfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/of] .

;+/lIft If]qx¿sf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] d"Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] o; sfo{qmdn] b]xfosf If]qx?df lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

!= k|hflt ;+/If0f

@= ;+/lIft If]q / kf/Ll:yltsLo k|0ffnL

#= bLuf] hLljsf]kfh{g

$= hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;dofg's"ng

%= ;+/If0f lzIff, j}1flgs cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg

^= n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]lzs/0f

&= ;'zf;g


k|hflt ;+/If0f

dfgj jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q tyf cf;kf;sf jg If]qx¿df jGohGt'sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo dfqfdf b]lvPsf] j[l4;Fu} dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf 36gfx¿df ;d]t a9f]Q/L cfPsf] 5 . dfgj jGohGt' åGån] ljz]ifu/L ul/a / l;dfGts[t ;d'bfonfO{ c;/ ug]{ / ;+/If0fdf cfd hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf 36\g;Sg] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] dfgj–jGohGt' ;x—cl:tTj ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] ;DalGwt ;+/lIft If]q tyf ;+/If0fsf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ljB'lto tf/af/, ;'wfl/Psf] vf]/, jGohGt'n] dggk/fpg] j}slNks cfod"ns afnL nufPtsf ljljw sfo{qmdx¿sf dfWodaf6 dfgj jGohGt' ;x–cl:tTj ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

ljB'lto tf/jf/ sfo{qmd

ljB'lto tf/af/ sfo{qmd dfgj jGoGt' åGå Go'lgs/0fsf] k|efjsf/L ljsNk ePtfklg k|rlnt tf/af/sf] l8hfOgdf JofKt ;fgfltgf sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f tf/af/sf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf ck]Iffs[t sdhf]/Lx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ . o:tf ljljw sdhf]/Lx¿df ;'wf/ ub}{ ljB'lto tf/af/sf] k|efjsfl/tf sfod ug{sf nflu cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] 5 .

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, lxdfnog 6fOu/ kmfpG8];g g]b/Nof08, jfu]lgu]g ljZjljBfno, g]b/Nof08 / alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;dGjodf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] nDsf}nL kmfF6f / klZrd dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{tsf] kftfef/ If]qdf ljB'lto tf/af/sf] gofF kl/If0f sfo{sf] z'?jft ul/Psf] lyof] . h+unL xfQLn] tf/af/ If]qdf ug]{ IftL / ;du| Jojxf/sf] cWoog ug{' o; cg';Gwfgsf] d"Vo p2]Zo xf] . xfQLn] tf/af/df Iflt k'¥ofpg] cj:yfx¿sf]


lj:t[t cWoogsf nflu l;=l;=l6=eL= Sofd/fsf dfWodaf6 cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . tf/af/df xfQLn] k'¥ofpg] Iflt kZrft k|ljlwdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L cg'udg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] lyof] . o; k|ljlwsf] ;kmn kl/If0f;Fu} ljB'lto tf/af/ sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf 6]jf k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

sfo{qmdn] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{tsf] afnfk'/ -@=% ls=ld=–d]; hfnL / ljB'lto tf/af/_ / l;S6f -!=% ls=ld=–d]; hfnL_ If]qdf ljBdfg dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf 36gfx¿nfO{ Go"lgs/0fsf nflu hDdf $ ls=ld= If]q tf/af/sf] nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . o;}ul/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] klZrd dWojtL{ If]qdf h8fg ul/Psf] #^ ls=ld= ;'wfl/Psf] tf/af/ sfo{qmddf ;d]t alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm If]qdf sfo{qmdn] @ yfg Og/hfOh/ d]l;g pknAw u/fpg'sf ;fy} lg/Gt/ k|fljlws ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o;}ul/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 7fs'/afaf dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t a]txgL / lr6\s}of If]qdf hl8t !) ls=ld= ljB'lto tf/af/sf] dd{t ;Def/sf nflu ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] eg] a]txgL ufpFdf @ ls=ld= If]qdf d];hfnL h8fg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

;'wfl/Psf] vf]/ sfo{qmd

;+/lIft If]q j/k/sf a:tLx¿df df+;fxf/L k|hfltsf jGohGt'x¿af6 x'g] Iflt Go"lgs/0fsf nflu ;'wfl/Psf] vf]/n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . laut ;dodf Sofd/f 6«oflkË k|ljlwsf dfWodaf6 ePsf jGoGt'

cg'udgsf sfo{qmdx¿af6 lgs'~hsf] leqL If]qdf af3sf] ;FVofdf pNn]Vo dfqfdf j[l4 ePsf], / ;DejtM a9\bf] af3sf] ;FVofsf sf/0f dWojtL{ jg If]qdf lrt'jfsf] ;FVofdf j[l4 ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . kmn:j?k lgs'~h 5]p5fpsf a:tLx¿df lrt'jfaf6 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x¿ dfl/g] qmd ;d]t a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;y{ o; k|sf/sf Ifltx¿ Go"lgs/0fsf nflu alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf !^) j6f -kftfef/ p=;=, alb{of–%) j6f, ;"o{k6'jf p=;=, alb{of–!) j6f, lzjk'/ Plss[t p=;=, alb{of–!) j6f, b]p/fnL xl/ofnL p=;=, afFs]–@% j6f, km's]{;NnL dnO{ p=;=, afFs]–#% j6f, xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L p=;=, afFs]–#) j6f_ ;'wf/LPsf] vf]/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu :yflgo ;d'bfonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf] 5 -cg';"rL !_ . o; sfo{qmdaf6 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] Ifltdf sdL eO{ :yflgo :t/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'u]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

:jrflnt ;f}o{ aQL h8fg

of] k|ljlw h+unL xfQL ;+/If0fdf :yflgo hgtfsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rfO ljsf; ug{sf] nflu ckgfOPsf] xf] . ljut ;dodf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf dfgj–xfQL åGåsf 36gfx¿ k|fo /ftLsf] ;dodf 36]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . :jrflnt ;f}o{ aQLsf] k|of]un] To; lsl;dsf 36gf sd ug{ d2t k'Ub5 . pk/f]Qm sfo{sf] k|f/lDes kl/If0fsf nflu alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 7fs'/afaf dWojtL{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t j]txgL / xfQL;f/ If]qdf ^ j6f :jrflnt ;f}o{ aQL h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . dfgj—jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0fdf :jrflnt ;f}o{ aQL k|efjsf/L /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .


j}slNks afnL k|jw{g

dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t d]Gyf, Sofdf]dfOn, n]dgu|f; h:tf jGohGt'n] dggk/fpg] gub] afnLsf] ljsf;df alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . jGohGt'sf sf/0f k/Dk/fut afnLx¿sf] pTkfbgdf cfpg] lu/fj6 /f]ls u|fld0f hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpFb} dfgj jGohGt' ;x—cl:tTj ljsf; ug{ o; k|sf/sf gub] afnLx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

jGohGt' kLl8tx¿sf nflu dfl;s hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u

lgs'~h If]qdf jflif{s ?kdf ;~rfng x'g] v/v8fO tyf yf? ;+u|xfno, uf]xL k|hgg s]Gb| / xfQL k|hgg\ s]Gb| e|d0fdf cfpg] cfuGt'sx¿af6 ;+/If0f z"Ns ;ª\sng ul/b} cfOPsf] 5 . o; k|sf/ ;ª\slnt /sd ljz'4 ;+/If0f sfo{df vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm /sddaf6 jGohGt'af6 kl/jf/sf ;b:o u'dfPsf cfl>t -kLl8t dlxnf_ tyf cf+lzs zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ lj=;+= @)^& b]lv dfl;s hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u k|bfg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . xfn dfl;s ?= !%)) sf b/n] @* hgf jGohGt' kLl8tx¿nfO{ -cg';"rL @_ ;f] ;xof]u k|bfg ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .

jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf kl/ d[To' ePsf JolQmx¿sf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u

/fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifn] jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0fdf kl/ d[To' ePsf JolQmx¿sf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ /fHon] lbg] Ifltk"lt{ /sdsf cltl/Qm 36gf kZrft tTsfn} ?= %),))) /sd hLljsf]kfh{g ;xof]u :j?k k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . of] /sd sf]ifdf /x]sf] dfgj jGohGt' åGå Joj:yfkg sf]if cGtu{t ;xof]u ul/G5 . cf= j= @)&^÷@)&& df afFs]–alb{of If]qdf ( hgf JolQmx¿ -dlxnfM %, k'?ifM $_ af3sf] cfqmd0fdf kl/ d[To' ePsf]df pk/f]Qm sf]ifaf6 & hgfsf cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . k|foh;f] oL 36gfx¿ jg k}bfjf/ ;ª\sng tyf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ r/fpg] qmddf x'g] c;fawflgsf sf/0f lgs'~h;Fu hf]l8Psf ;fd'bflos ag If]qleq 36]sf kfOPsf 5g\ .


lrq != alb{of–afFs] If]qdf cf=j= @)&^÷&& df af3sf sf/0f dfgljo Iflt ePsf If]qx?

lrq @= ;g\ @)!^ b]lv @)!( sf] cjlwdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 7fs'/åf/f, lzjk'/ -7fs'/afaf g=kf= j8f g+= ^, &, * / (_ tyf ;"o{k6'jf

-dw'jg g=kf= j8f g+= !_ dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t 3l6t dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf 36gfx¿sf] ;+VofTds cj:yf .

dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf 36gfx?sf] tYofÍ Joj:yfkg

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] ljut Ps bzsb]lv alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf dfgj jGohGt' åGåsf 36gfx¿sf] :ynut cg'udg tyf tYofÍ ;ª\sng / Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . d'Votof lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{t 7fs'/afaf gu/kflnsfsf]

7fs'/åf/f / lzjk'/ If]q tyf dw'jg gu/kflnsfsf] ;"o{k6'jf If]qdf 3l6t 36gfx¿sf] oyf;So l56f] ;"rgf ;ª\sng ul/ lgs'~h sfof{nonfO{ /fxt ljt/0fsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^ b]lv @)!( sf] cjlwdf pk/f]Qm If]qdf jGohGt'af6 x'g] afnLgfnLsf] Iflt a9]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ;DklQsf] gf]S;flgsf 36gfx¿df qmlds ?kdf sdL cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . kz' Iflt / dfgjLo Ifltsf 36gfx¿df eg] ptf/r9fj cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .


lrq #= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / ;du| g]kfnsf]

af3sf] t'ngfTds ;+Vof

k|hflt cg'udg / :yfgfGt/0f

af3 / cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg

af3 tyf af3sf] cfxf/f k|hfltsf] /fli6«o ;j]{If0f @)!* cGtu{t alb{of / afFs] If]qdf :ynut cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . pk/f]Qm ;j]{If0f sfo{ !^ l8;]Da/ @)!& b]lv !! dfr{ @)!* ;Dd ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .

af3 / o;sf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udgsf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] /fli6«o k|f]6f]sndf cfwfl/t /lx alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q, afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q, h}ljs dfu{x¿ -vftf / sfDbL h}ljs dfu{_ tyf af3 kfOg] ;fd'bflos jg If]qx?df ;f] ;j]{If0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!* sf] ;j]{If0fn] alb{of / afFs] If]qdf af3sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo a[l4 ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] tYofÍ cg';f/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q tyf cf;kf;sf] jg If]qdf *& j6f jois af3x¿ kfOPsf] 5 eg] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q tyf cf;kf;sf] jg If]qdf @! j6f jois af3x¿ /]s8{ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!) df ljZj;fd' ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf af3sf] ;FVof bf]Aa/ k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPsf]df alb{of / afFs] If]qdf af3sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo ?kdf b]lvPsf] a9f]Ql/n] ;f] nIo k'/f x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . :d/0f /xf];\, ;g\ @))( tfsf g]kfndf !@! sf] ;FVofdf af3 /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!* sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ ;f] ;FVof a9]/ @#% k'u]sf] 5 / g]kfnn] ljZj;fd' u/]sf] k|lta4tf k'/f ug]{ lbzfdf sl6a4 /x]sf] 5 .

;g\ @)!* sf] /fli6«o ;j]{If0f k"j{, afFs] / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q tyf cf;kf;sf af3 kfOg] If]qdf

;g\ @)!^ gf]e]Da/ b]lv @)!& km]a|'cl/ ;Dd af3 / af3sf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg ul/osf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm cg'udgdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / cf;kf;sf] If]qdf ^$ j6f aois af3x¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / cf;kf;sf] If]qdf !! j6f af3x¿ klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

afFs] alb{of If]qdf af3sf] ;+Vofdf b]lvPsf] pNn]Vo a[4L;Fu} af3sf] cfxf/f k|hfltsf] ;+Vofdf ;d]t a[4L ug'{kg]{ r'gf}lt b]lvPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!* sf] /fli6«o af3 tyf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udgsf] glthf cg';f/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf k|lt ju{ ls=ld= &&=%! hgfj/ cfxf/f k|hfltsf] 3gTj /x]sf] 5 eg] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf *=! /x]sf] 5 . pknAw tYofÍn] a9\bf] af3sf] ;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] 3gTj sd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . af3sf] ;+VofnfO{ lbuf] / :j:y /fVg] k|of;x¿ hf/L /fVgsf nflu cfxf/f k|hfltx¿sf] ;+VofTds cj:yf / km}nfj6 af/]sf] hfgsf/L cfjZos x'G5 . o;y{ cfxf/f k|hfltsf] lgoldt cg'udgsf] sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] 5 .

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd, alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] ;xsfo{df ;g\ @)!( df cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . pk/f]Qm cg'udgsf] glthf cg';f/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] 3gTj (%=&% hgfj/ k|lt


ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 eg] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf !%=)# hgfj/ k|lt ju{ ls=ld= /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . pk/f]Qm glthfn] ;g\ @)!* sf] t'ngfdf b'a} ;+/lIft If]qdf cfxf/f k|hfltsf] 3gTj ;'wf/f]Gd'v cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

Vertical camera trapping k|ljlwaf6 cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf o;cl3 k|rngdf /x]sf] Sofd/f 6«ofk ljlweGbf km/s Vertical

camera trapping ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/ cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] 5 . o; ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg';Gwfg yk k|efjsf/L x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . o; cWooogsf] p2]Zo cfxf/f k|hfltsf] 3gTj k|efjsf/L ?kn] kQf nufpg] / ltgsf] km}nfj6df df};dsf] c;/ kQf nufpg] /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{sf nflu s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qleqsf] ljleGg jf;:yfgx¿ ;d]6\g] ul/ %) j6f Sofd]/f 6«ofkx? /flvPsf] 5 . hldgsf] ;txaf6 & ld6/sf] prfOdf /flvPsf tL Sofd]/fx¿af6 pknAw tl:j/x¿ lgoldt ljZn]if0fsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g\ .

klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u+}8f cg'udg

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u}+8f cg'udg ljlwsf] ljsf; ul/ ;f] cg'udg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))* af6 z'? ul/Psf] u}+8f cg'udg sfo{ lardf s]lx ;do /f]lsPsf]df ;g\ @)!( b]lv lrq $= aSofd]/f 6«ofk sf] 9fFrf, / Sofdf/f 6«ofkdf s}b ePsf] kf6] af3


k'gM z'rf? ul/Psf] 5 . pk/f]Qm sfo{sf nflu s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qnfO{ $ / ;du| aaO{ pkTosf nfO{ Ps ul/ hDdf % j6f cg'udg Ans -If]q_ x¿ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . u+}8fsf] z/L/df /x]sf ljz]if lrGxx¿, jgfj6, ljr/0f If]q cflbsf] cfwf/df k|To]s u+}8fsf] cnu cnu ljj/0f tof/ kfl/ lgoldt ?kdf ul/g] cg'udg k|lqmofg} klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u+}8f cg'udg ljlw xf] . o; sfo{df alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] g]t[Tjdf lgs'~h ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf] g]kfnL ;]gf / alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] 5 . alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd, alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / g]kfnL ;]gfdf cfa4 /lx u+}8f cg'udgdf vl6Psf %@ hgf jGohGt' k|fljlwsx¿nfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ul/ cg'udg tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm tflnddf u+}8f cg'udgsf nflu cfjZos ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s 1fg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}ul/ u+}8f cg'udgdf vl6g] 6f]nLsf nflu l8lh6n Sofd]/f, afOgfs'n/, lh=lk=P;=, nfut kmf/d,

kmf]6f] Kn]6 != alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] aaO{ gbL pkTosfsf u+}8fx?sf] k|f]kmfOn

lkmN8 Aofu, /]gsf]6, 6r{ nfO6 cflb aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfgx¿ klg lat/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

kl5Nnf] u}+8f cg'udgsf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf #) j6f / aaO{ pkTosf If]qdf ^ j6f ul/ hDdf #^ j6f u+}8fx¿ klxrfg ePsf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!% b]lv s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf !# j6f u}+8fx¿sf] k|fs[lts sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}ul/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!^ df b'n{e Psl;Ë] u}+8fsf] jf;:yfg lj:tf/ ug]{ clek|fon] u}+8f :yfgfGt/sf] of]hgf NofPcg'?k ;g\ @)!^ / @)!& df lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 hDdf * j6f u}+8fx¿ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] aaO{ pkTosf If]qdf :yfgfGt/0f u/L NofOPsf]df :yfgfGt/0f kZrft xfn;Dd $ j6f gofF aRrfx¿ hlGdPsf, % j6f u+}8fx¿ sfnultn] d/]sf / Ps u}+8f s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf ljr/0f u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf != alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf u+}8fsf] ;+VofTds cj:yf

If]q pd]/ efn] kf]yL klxrfg gePsf] hDdf

s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]q jois 10 16 26aRrf 1 3 4

s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf hDdf 30 aaO{ pkTosf If]q jois 1 3 4

aRrf 1 1 2aaO{ pkTosf If]qdf hDdf 6alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h jois 11 19 30

aRrf 2 4 6alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf hDdf 13 19 4 36


kmf]6f] Kn]6 @= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qsf u+}8fx?sf] k|f]kmfOn

;g\ @))* b]lv xfn;Dd ul/Psf] klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u+}8f cg'udgsf] glthfn] lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]q / vftf h}ljs dfu{ If]q u+}8fsf] plrt jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 alb{ofdf :yfgfGtl/t u}+8fx¿ aaO{ gbL pkTosf cGtu{tsf u'7L, lzjk'/ / ;f]tvf]nfsf If]qx¿df a9L kfOg] u/]sf 5g\ .

Affx|l;Ëf cg'udg

kl5Nnf] cg'udg -;g\ @)!&_ df alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf &( j6f afx|l;Ëfx¿ u0fgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;+Vofdf ;g\ @)!@ sf] t'ngfdf lu/fj6 x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;fgf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf afx|l;Ëfsf] lbuf]kgf r'gf}ltsf]

?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;} ljifonfO{ dWogh/ ub{} ;g\ @)!^ df afx|l;Ëfsf] 7"nf] jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf kl/lrt z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 hDdf % j6f jois afx|l;Ëfx¿ -efn]M @, kf]yLM #_ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf :yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . :yfgfGtl/t afx|l;Ëfx¿sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgsf] nflu ;a} :yfgfGt/0f eO cfPsf afx|l;Ëfdf le=Pr=Pkm= /]l8of] sn/ h8fg ul/ cg'udgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf]df xfn tL pks/0fx¿ s'g}n] klg sfd gu/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . :yfgfGt/0f eOcfPsf % j6f afx|l;ËfdWo] b'O{j6f hLljt} /x]sf], b'O{j6fnfO{ af3n] dfl/;s]sf] / Pp6fsf] cj:yf hfgsf/L aflx/ /x]sf] 5 .


kmf]6f] Kn]6 # M Sofd]/f 6«ofk k|ljlwaf6 cg'udg ul/ klxrfg ul/Psf af3x¿

lrq %= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf afx|l;Ëfsf] ;+VofTds cj:yf

;d:ofu|:t Aff3sf] cg'udg

kl5Nnf jif{x¿df dfgj / af3sf lar åGå a9\b} hfFbf af3 ;+/If0fdf yk r'gf}lt b]lvPsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] af3sf sf/0f dfG5] 3fOt] tyf d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf pk/f]Qm 36gfx¿sf] Sofd/f 6«ofk k|ljlwaf6 ;'Id cWoog ul/ lgs'~h sfof{nonfO{ ;d:of lgDTofpg] af3sf] klxrfg / cfjZos Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd ;d:of lgDTofpg] * j6f af3x¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] Pp6f dfG5] dfg]{ af3sf] p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 .

;+Vo

f

aif{


sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] dxfdfl/sf lar /fhdfu{ If]qdf jGohGt'sf] cfjthfjtaf/] cg'udg

ljZje/Lg} km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf efO/; -sf]le8–!(_ sf] dxfdfl/af6 aRg g]kfnn] klxnf] r/0fdf @)&^ r}q !! ut]b]lv b]zJofkL aGbfaGbL u/]sf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm cjlwdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf lgs'~h If]qdf kg]{ k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{sf] s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL kf]i6 b]lv cd|]gL kf]i6 v08df aGbfaGbLsf sf/0f jGohGt'sf] ljr/0f / cfjthfjtdf k/]sf] k|efjsf af/]df k|f/lDes cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . o; cWoogn] /fhdfu{ If]qdf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] sf/0f jGohGt'sf] cfjthfjtdf s]–s:tf] k|efj kb{5 / pk/f]Qm k|efjx¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf efaL lbgdf s]–s:tf ;'/Iff pkfox¿ ckgfpg'k5{ eGg] ljifodf dfubz{g ug]{ ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .

cWoogsf nflu /fhdfu{ If]qsf] ljleGg !) j6f 7fpFdf @)&^ r}q !^ b]lv @)&& j}zfv @% ;Dd Ps–Ps hf]/ Sofd/f 6«ofkx¿ /flvPsf] lyof] . o; v08df ljut rf/ jif{sf] cjlwdf uf8Lsf] 7Ss/af6 Pp6f jois kf6]af3sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] csf]{ Pp6f jois af3 3fOt] ePsf] lyof] . o:t} pk/f]Qm v08df jif]{lg w]/} jGohGt'x¿ 3fOt] / d[To' x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cg'udgsf qmddf !) k|hfltsf jGohGt'x¿ -af3, xfQL, lrQn, n+u'/, afFb/, aFb]n, h/fof], :ofn, jg la/fnf] / do"/_ Sofd]/f 6«ofksf] dfWodaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;a} Sofd]/f /flvPsf If]qdf af3sf] pkl:ylt b]lvPsf] lyof] eg] % j6f af3 k/]sf lyP . aGbfaGbLsf] uxg cWoogsf nflu b]zdf sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] dxfdf/L ;dfKt ;Fu} hghLjg ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kmls{Pkl5 pk/f]Qm If]qdf k'gM cWoog ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

BNP F 11: ndsf}ln kf]yL

BNPM 02: af36fKk' efn]

BNPM 33: 7fs'/afaf efn]

BNP F 38: s'jfef/ kf]yL

BNP F 49: cd]|lg ;8s kf]yL

kmf]6f] Kn]6 $= cg'udgsf qmddf Sofd]/fdf s}b ePsf kfFrj6f af3x¿


lxpFb] cfuGt's r/f u0fgf

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] jif]{lg lxpFb] cfuGt's r/f u0fgf sfo{df ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ub} cfO/x]sf] 5 . ljz]iftM alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / ;+/If0fdf ;fem]bf/ :yflgo ;+3;+:yf, ko{6gsdL{, kyk|bz{s nufotsf] ;xsfo{df s0ff{nL, u]?jf / aaO{ gbL If]q tyf a9}of tfn / ;Tvn'jf tfn If]qdf r/f u0fgf sfo{ ul/b}cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)@) sf] lxpFb] cfuGt's r/f u0fgftfsf hDdf %@%@ j6f ljleGg k|hfltsf r/fx¿ u0fgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm u0fgf sfo{df r/fsf] ;jf{lws k|r'/tf a9}of tfn / u]?jf gbL If]qdf /]s8{ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;j}eGbf sd k|r'/tf aaO{ gbL If]qdf kfOPsf] lyof] . aaO{ gbL If]qdf sd k|r'/tf kfOg'sf sf/0f u0fgf ubf{tfsfsf] v/fa df};d /x]sf] 5 .

udL{ ofdsf r/f u0fgf

;g\ @)@) sf] clk|n–d] l;hgdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]q / vftf h}ljs dfu{ If]qdf udL{ ofdsf r/f u0fgf sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . o; cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo :yfg ljz]ifsf r/fsf] r]sln:6 tof/ kfg]{ /x]sf] 5 . !@( k|hfltsf r/fx¿ o; cjlwdf u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 / kmf]6f]x¿ iNaturalist gfds j]e;fO6df /flvPsf] 5 .

jGohGt' ck/fw lgoGq0f

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg -l;laPlko'–CBAPU_ Ps :yflgo o'jfx¿sf] :j:km"t{ ;~hfn xf], h;n] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f sfo{df lgs'~h k|zf;gnfO{ :jo+;]jL ?kdf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf ;g\ @))( b]lvg} CBAPU ;lqmo /x]sf] 5 . tTsflng åGåfTds cj:yfdf rf]/Llzsf/ nufotsf jGohGt';+u ;DalGwt ck/fwsf 36gfx¿ Go"lgs/0fsfnflu o:tf ;d"xx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . xfn alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qe/ rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng pk–;ldltx¿ ljlwjt ?kdf btf{ eO lqmoflzn /x]sf 5g\ . alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qe/L ##)) eGbf a9L o'jfx¿ -alb{ofM !( j6f dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t @$)) eGbf a9L, / afFs]M ( j6f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{t ()) eGbf a9L_ o; cleofgdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ .

rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f / jGohGt' ;+/If0fdf hgr]tgf hufpg] ;jfndf o:tf ;d"xx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf b]lvPcg'?k xfn b]ze/sf cGo ;+/lIft If]qdf ;d]t CBAPU cleofg ;lqmo /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f, ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p¢f/, dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf cg'udg, cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf If]qdf CBAPU cleofgn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . cleofgdf cfa4 cfwfh;f] ;b:ox¿ dlxnf /x]sf] xF'bf o; ;~hfnn] ;+/If0fdf dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;sf ;d]t ct"nlgo of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . oL ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;+/If0fdf lqmoflzn agfO/fVgsf nflu alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] CBAPU x¿sf] u7g b]lv lgoldt kl/rfngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; cleofgdf cfa4 o'jfx¿nfO{ kof{ko{6g, jGohGt' cWoog, cg';Gwfg nufotsf a}slNks cfo{cfh{gsf If]qdf lqmoflzn agfpFb} uOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf @= lxpFb] cfuGt's r/f u0fgf @)@) tfsf e]l6Psf r/fx¿sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+ cjnf]sg ul/Psf] If]q

hDdf r/f k|hflt r/fsf] ;+Vof

k|r'/tf (Relative

abundance)cfuGt's :yflgo

1 s0ff{nL gbL 28 9 467 8=89

2 u]?jf gbL 39 19 2211 42=09

3 aaO{ gbL 5 1 19 0=36

4 ;Tvn'jf

tfn5 1 28 0=53

5 a9}of tfn 43 6 2528 48=12

s'n hDdf 5253



alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofgnfO{

yk k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf ljljw lqmofsnfkx¿ cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP M

lqmofsnfk nfeflGjt ;+Vof s}lkmot

pk–;ldlt u7g / cled"lvs/0f sfo{qmd

!$^% hgf eGbf a9L $# j6fsf] ;+Vofdf cfof]hgf ul/osf cled"lvs/0f sfo{qmdx¿sf dfWodaf6 gofF ;d"xx?sf] u7g, k'gu{7g;+u} ;d"xdf cfa4 o'jfx¿nfO{ jGohGt' ;+/If0f tyf u}/sfg"gL lqmofsnfkx¿af/] ;"rgf ;ª\sng / ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofpg] tf}/tl/sf / bfloTjsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . ;fy} sfg"g sfof{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljljw pks/0f / k|ljlw af/] hfgsf/L lbb} cGt/ ;+u7g ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfgsf af/]df k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .

alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf !( j6f CBAPU pk–;ldltx¿ k'gu{7g ul/Psf] 5 .

jGojGt' cg'udg tflnd &% hgf jGojGt' cg'udgsf ljljw tf}/tl/sf, pks/0fx¿af/] hfgsf/Lsf ;fy} :ynut Jojxfl/s l;k lbOPsf] .

Ifdtf clej[4L tflnd CBAPU alb{ofsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ :j/f]huf/ agfpg] clek|fon] ;xof]u ul/Psf] .

u:tL kl/rfngsf nflu jGbf]a:tL ;xof]u

Rff]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f / u}/sfg"lg ultljlw lgodg / lgoGq0fsf nflu lgs'~h k|zf;gnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] ljz]iftM dWojtL{ If]q / h}ljs dfu{sf ;fd'bflos jg If]qdf lgoldt u:tL ;~rfngsf nflu tn pNn]v ul/Padf]lhd oftfoft, ;~rf/, vfhf tyf cGo aGbf]a:tL ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf] .

;fOsnM @% yfg, lgoldt dfl;s ;~rf/ vr{M CBAPU alb{ofsf !( hgf pk;ldltsf ;b:o / CBAPU afFs]sf ( hgf ;b:onfO{ dfl;s ?kdf ;xof]u, Sofd]/f / afOgfs'n/M ! yfg, v]ns'b ;fdfu|L -elnan, km'6an_M & j6f pk;ldlt, df]afOn ;]6M $ j6f, 6«ofs;'6M @@) ;]6, 6r{nfO6M @# j6f, ;+/If0f l6–;6{M #)) yfg, Hofs]6M !)) yfg .

sfo{qmdn] dfly pNn]lvt ljljw ;xof]u dfkm{t alb{of–afFs] If]qsf CBAPU x¿nfO{ lqmoflzn agfPsf] 5 . o; calwdf CBAPU alb{ofn] nueu !%) sf] ;+Vofdf ljljw k|s[ltsf 5f]6f], nfdf] b"/Lsf u:tLsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . o;}ul/ CBAPU afFs]n] ;d]t bh{gf}sf] ;+Vofdf u:tL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . alb{ofdf cfa4 o'jfx¿n] :jtM :km"t{ ?kdf jGohGt'sf cfv]6f]kxf/ ;ª\sng, ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt' p¢f/ -lrQn, u+}8f, af3 nufotsf ljljw jGohGt'x¿_ / /ftLsf] ;dodf a:tLdf kl; wghgsf] IftL k'¥ofpg] xfQL wkfpg] nufotsf sfo{df

;xeflu x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . jGohGt' ;Ktfx, l;d;f/ lbj;, :jf:Yo lzlj/, :yfgLo hfqf–d]nf, xfQL k"hf nufotsf lbj;, ;df/f]xdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpFb} jGohGt' ;+/If0fdf cfd hg;d'bfonfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ sfo{df CBAPU sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . o;}sf] kmn:j?k g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+/If0fdf CBAPU sf] e"ldsfnfO{ pRr d"Nofª\sg ub}{ k|To]s jif{sf] dfr{ # nfO{ CBAPU lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . oBlk z'?sf aif{x¿df kmfu'g @& ut] CBAPU lbj; dgfOGYof] .


rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg (CBAPU) alb{of sf] cjwf/0ff

/d]z s'df/ yfkfk"j{ lg= k|d'v ;+/If0f clws[t,

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{no

cWoIf, pHofnf] g]kfn

;sf/fTds efjgf ;lxtsf] ;[hgfTds ;f]rn] ;dfhdf w]/} 7"nf] kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sb5 . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, o;sf] dWojtL{ If]q / ;du| alb{of lhNnfdf rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0fdf o'jf kl/rfng cleofg CBAPU sf] cfˆgf] 5'§} klxrfg /x]sf] 5 . e/v/ zflGt ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . ;]gf nufot ;'/IffsdL{x¿nfO{ lgjf{w ?kdf aflx/ cfjfudgdf ;d:of lyof] . lgs'~h l;dfgf cf;kf;sf o'jfx¿nfO{ lzsf/L / t:s/x¿n] jGohGt'sf] rf]/Llzsf/ ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg u/fpg], ;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug{ nufpg] h:tf unt sfo{df nfUg pTk|]l/t ug]{ qmd a9L/x]sf] lyof] . o;} qmddf 8Nnf / s}nf;L aLrsf] h+undf Pp6f u}+8f df/]/ To;sf] vfu g]kfnu~hdf nu]/ a]lrof] eGg] ;"rgf k|fKt eof] . lgs'~hdf u}+8f dfg]{ / u}+8fsf] vfusf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg s]xL dflg; kqmfp ePkl5 k|ToIo ?kdf rf]/Llzsf/df ;+nUg gePsf t/ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf rf]/Llzsf/Lsf] ;Dks{df k'u]sf clwsf+z o'jfx? ql;t x'g k'u] . sltko efu]/ ef/tlt/ uP eg] sltko n's]/ lx+8g yfn] . Psflt/ o'jfx¿df efufefusf] l:ylt lyof] eg] csf]{ tkm{ cleefjsx¿df cfˆgf] 5f]/f5f]/L kqmfp kg]{ xf] ls eGg] lrGtf lyof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|ToIo ?kdf jGohGt' rf]/Llzsf/df ;+nUg g/x]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t u/]/ o:tf cj}w ultljlwdf ;+nUg gx'g k/fdz{ lbg] / lzsf/Lsf] ;Dks{df /x]sfnfO{ cfr/0f ;'wf/ ug{ clek|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zon] alb{ofdf rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofgsf] cjwf/0ff NofOPsf xf] .

;dfhdf /fd|f] 5la ePsf / pgLx¿nfO{ x]/]/ o'jfx¿nfO{ ;'lw|g] clg cleofgdf ;xefuL x'g k|]/0ff ldnf]; eGg] p2]Zon] ;a} eGbf klxnf 7fs'/åf/fdf wlg/fd rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf g]q/fh cfrfo{ ;lrj /x]sf] Pp6f ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 cf;kf;sf cGo o'jfx¿df ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jfx x'g uof] / qmdzM ;"o{k6'jf, dgfp, uf]nf, kz'kltgu/, kftfef/, lzjk'/ / g]pnfk'/df o'jfx¿sf] Jofks ;xeflutfdf e]nfx¿ cfof]hgf eP . lgs'~h sfo{nosf tTsflng ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t /d]z s'df/ yfkfsf] g]t[Tjdf lgs'~hsf k|d'v ;+/If0f clws[t 6Lsf/fd clwsf/L, 7fs'/åf/f Aof/]ssf u0fklt k|sfz b]phf, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if alb{ofsf k|d'v 8f= /lag s8l/of / lgs'~h sfo{nosf ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t czf]s e08f/L ;+nUg 6f]nLn] sl/a Ps dlxgf hlt lg/Gt/ e]nf, k|lzIf0f / k/fdz{ ;~rfng u¥of] . bf];|f] r/0fsf] k|lzIf0fdf /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf 8f= g/]z ;'j]bL, WWF sf dfwj v8\sf, dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf sfo{qmd clws[t gLns07 s+8]n / lzIfs s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ klg ;xefuL x'g'eof] .

s]xL ;do cufl8;Dd lgs'~hsf sd{rf/L ufpFdf cfpFbf nv]6\g], c;xof]u ug]{, d'r'Nsfdf ;fIfL ga:g], kqmfp k/]sf dflg;nfO{ x'nx'Hht u/L n}hfg glbg] o'jfx¿ rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f ug{ / cj}w ultljlw /f]syfdsf nflu u:tL ug]{, ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug]{ / ck/fwLsf af/]df ;"rgf lbO kqmfp ug{ ;xof]u ug{ yfn] . o;kl5 jGohGt' rf]/Llzsf/sf b[li6sf]0faf6 ;+j]bgzLn u]?jf gbLtl6o If]q / vftf h}ljs dfu{af6 rf]/Llzsf/Lx¿ a]kQf eP/ efu] . u]?jf gbL klZrddf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t u/L rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f sfo{df lbk]z yf? …/fh]zÚ -xfn n'lDagL k|b]z sf dfglgo ;f+;b_, a]xu/fh yf? …clhtÚ, blz/fd yf? …lxSdtÚ, /fdaxfb'/ yf? …/lQmdÚ / xl//fd yf?sf] laz]if e"ldsf lyof] . 7fs'/åf/f If]qdf g]q/fh cfrfo{, lagf e§/fO{, /fdaxfb'/ zfxL, /fdhg rf}w/L, /]zd yfkf, /fwf rf}w/L -xfn 7fs'/afaf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ( sf j8f cWoIf_ nufotsf o'jfx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L lzIfs lbg]zrG› uf}td, af;' e§/fO{, k|]d of]uL, /fwf dhu}+of, s'df/ ;fksf]6f, gf/fo0f kf}8]n, k|lbk /]UdL, k'ikf v8\sf, dbg 1jfnL, bfdf]b/ clwsf/L, gu]G› v8\sf nufot w]/} hgfsf] d]xgt k/]sf] 5 of] cleofgdf . alb{ofsf ;~rf/sdL{ /fs]z a:ofn, sdn kGyL, o'j/fh >]i7, ldg/fh zdf{, afns[i0f cf]nL, lgd{n l3ld/], efj's of]uL, ;'lbk clwsf/L, Hof]lt


kGyL, l8nk|sfz uf}td, ofd l3ld/], ofbj cfrfo{, b'uf{ cfrfo{, d]3/fh l;Ub]n, eLd prfO{ 7s'/L, cf]d zdf{, d]gsf rf}w/L, k'ikf rf}w/L, lago /fh e08f/L, s[i0f e08f/L, lbks >]i7, lai0f' ltldlN;gf, o1 ;fksf]6f, d's'Gb ;'j]bL, nId0f 9'+ufgf, lztn yfkf, lai0f' clwsf/L, z/d rf}w/L, ;'lzn v8\sf, k|eft ;'j]bL, k|]d a'9f, /fh]G› lwtfn, nufot w]/} hgfsf] k|ToIf ck|ToIf of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .

o; cleofgsf] la:tf/ / lasf; x'Fb} alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] !( j6f pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f pk;ldlt u7g ul/of] . ;a} pk;ldltsf] ;dGjosf nflu ;a} pk;ldltsf cWoIfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /xg] u/L rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg ;~hfn alb{of u7g ePsf] 5 . o;sf] :yfkgsfn b]lv g} x]dGt k|;fb cfrfo{ cWoIf -xfn 7fs'/afaf gu/kflnsf j8f g+ ( sf j8f ;b:o ;d]t_ /lxcfPsf 5g\ .

alb{ofdf rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg :yfkgf ePkl5 cleofgsf] ;~hfn lgs} km}lnP/ uPsf] lyof] . o;df cfj4 o'jfx¿sf] ;+Vof klg w]/} lyof] . Pp6} p2]Zo lnP/ Pp6} cleofgdf cfj4 o'jfx¿sf] a[xt hd36 u/fpg] / cf–cfˆgf cg'ej / pknlAwx¿ Ps cfk;df afF8\gsf nflu Pp6f cj;/ kf/]/ o'jfx¿sf] e]nf ug]{ hdsf]{ ul//x]sf lyof}+ . xfdLn] alb{ofdf @)^^ ;fn kmfNu'0f @& ut] klxnf] k6s …rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg lbj;Ú (CBAPU Day) sf] cfof]hgf u/]sf lyof}+ . sl/a Ps xhf/ o'jfx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf 7fs'/åf/f dlGb/ kl/;/df of] sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . @)^* ;fn kmfNu'0f @& ut] la;f}+ xhf/ hg;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf 8Nnfdf t];|f] CBAPU

Day dgfOof] . of] sfo{qmddf jg dGqfnosf ;lrj 8f= s[i0f rG› kf}8]n k|d'v cltly x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmddf dxfgfos /fh]z xdfn, ld; g]kfn >[i6L >]i7, al/i7 ufos, ;+uLtsf/ Pj+ lgb]{zs gf/fo0f /fodfemL nufotsf snfsf/ Pj+ lalzi7 JolQmx¿sf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] lyof] . rf}+yf] CBAPU Day xfdLn] alb{ofsf] 8Nnfdf g} cfof]hgf uof}{+ . alb{ofaf6 lgjf{lrt cfk"lt{ /fHo dGqL lai0f' rf}w/Lsf] k|d'v cftLYotfdf eAo sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/of] . kfFrf} CBAPU Day kmfNu'0f @& df alb{ofsf] xfQL;f/df dgfPkl5 dfr{ # tfl/vnfO{ rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg lbj;sf] ?kdf dgfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o eof] . o;kl5sf jif{x?df qmd};Fu ljleGg :yfgx¿df CBAPU Day dgfOFb} cfPsf] 5 .

CBAPU n] u/]sf d'Vo d'Vo sfdx?

!_ dWojtL{ If]qdf jGohGt' ;+/If0f / rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0fsf nflu ul:t kl/rfngM k}bn tyf /fˆ6af6 u:tL ug]{, rf]/Llzsf/ ;dalGw ;"rgf lgs'~hnfO{ lbg] / jGohGt' dfg{sf nflu /flvPsf kf;f], hfn, vfa/x¿ ;ª\sng u/L lgs'~hdf a'emfpg] .

@_ dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0fsf nflu dfgj j:tLdf k;]sf xfQL wkfpg] sfdM :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t u/fpg], 6r{ / cGo pks/0f lat/0f ug]{, cfkm} ;xeflu eP/ xfQL wkfpg], xfQLaf6 hf]lvd a9]df lgs'~h / ;]gfnfO{ af]nfP/ xjfO{ kmfo/ ug]{, 8f6{ ug k|of]u u/L n7\ofP/ wkfpg] .

#_ o'jfx¿nfO{ ;+/If0fdf nfUg k|]/0ff lbg], tfnLd / Ifdtf lasf;sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{M o'lgkmd{, emf]nf, 6r{, /]gsf]6 lat/0f .

$_ o'jfx¿nfO{ :jcfo cfh{g u/L cfTd lge{/ aGgsf nflu laleGg tflndx¿ k|bfg ug]{ h:t} ;jf/L rfns tflnd, l;nfO s6fO tflnd, On]lS6«l;og tflnd, KnDa/ tflnd, g]r/ufO8 tflnd, afv|fkfng, s'v'/f kfng, / cGo :j/f]huf/d"ns tflnd .

%_ ;d'bfodf ;+/If0f lzIffsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ;+/If0fdf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf clea[l4 ug]{ . h; cGtu{t @^! eGbf al9 3/]n' aGb's lgs'~hdf a'emfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .

^_ laut b]lv 3/ 3/df /flvPsf sl/a !) xhf/ yfg d[u k|hfltsf l;ª / cGo cfv]6f]kxf/ ;ª\sng u/L lgs'~hdf a'emfpg] sfd .


b|"t k|ltlqmof ;d"x (Rapid Response Team) kl/rfng

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf jGohGt'n] k'¥ofpg] wghgsf] IftL 36fpg b|"t ?kdf ;xof]uL 6f]nL v6fpg] p2]Zn] dWojtL{ If]qdf % j6f b|"t k|ltlqmof ;d"x u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} lgs'~hdf /x]sf] RRT s]Gb|sf] ;d]t If]dtf clej[l4 ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf ;d"xx?sf] u7g kZrft dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{tsf] kftfef/ / ;"o{k6'jf If]qaf6 oL ;d"xdf cfa4 ;b:ox¿n] bh{g a9L xfQLnfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdf jf;:yfgdf kmsf{O wghgsf] IftL x'gaf6 /f]s]sf 5g\ . oL ;d'xx¿nfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg ljleGg ;dodf cGt{lqmof, cfjZos ;fdfg h:t} 6r{ nfO6, ;fd'bflos dfOs, df]afOn kmf]g, ;~rf/ ;xof]u tyf Hofs]6 pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ;fy} alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ u:tL sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{ x]t'n] !@# ;]6 -alb{ofM (*, s[i0f;f/M @%_ /]gsf]6 pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

lhNnf :tl/o jGohGt' ck/fw lgoGq0f Ao'/f] a}7s

jGohGt' ck/fwsf 36gfx?df Go"lgs/0f ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]lGb|o txb]lv ljleGg lhNnfx¿df ;d]t jGohGt' ck/fw lgoGq0f Ao'/f]x¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf afFs] / alb{ofdf @ k6s lhNnf :tl/o jGohGt' ck/fw lgoGq0f Ao'/f]sf] a}7snfO{ ;xof]u ulPsf] lyof] . g]kfn k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf, z;:q k|x/L, l8lehg jg sfof{no, eG;f/ sfof{no, ;DalGwt /fli6«o lgs'~h, /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if tyf ;DalGwt cGo lgsfosf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] pk/f]Qm a}7sx¿df ;Defljt u}/sfg"gL s[ofsnfkx¿sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu cfjZos /0fgLltx¿sf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} jGohGt' ck/fwsf 36gfx¿sf] tYofÍ Joj:yfkg tyf cGt/lgsfo ;dGjosf ljleGg k|s[ofsf af/]df ;femf wf/0ff to ul/Psf] lyof] .


jGohGt' cg'udg tyf Joj:yfkg tflnd

g]kfndf jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf lx;fan] dxTjk"0f{ If]qsf] ?kdf kl/lrt klZrd t/fO{ If]qel/ ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'sf] p4f/ tyf cg'udg sfo{sf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu % lbg] jGohGt' p4f/ tyf Joj:yfkg tflnd cof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm tflnddf afFs], alb{of / z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~hsf @# hgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf cfxf/f k|hfltx¿sf] cg'udg sfo{df vl6Psf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf u]d:sfp6 ;lxt @% hgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu cfxf/f k|hfltsf] cg'udg tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}ul/ r'/] If]qsf] jGohGt' cg'udg sfo{df vl6Psf !% hgf ;d'bfodf cfwf/Lt rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofgsf ;b:ox¿sf nflu Ps lbg] jGohGt' cg'udg tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

u:tL kl/rfng ;xof]u

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] pknAw ;|f]t, ;fwgsf cfwf/df alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf dWojtL{ If]qleq sfg"g sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;~rfng ul/g] u:tL sfo{, jGhGt' p4f/ tyf dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0fsf nflu

;DalGwt ;+/lIft If]q sfof{no / ;'/Iffy{ t}gfy g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] ljz]iftM u:tL kl/rfngsf nflu OGwg, ;~rf/ nufotsf ;xof]u k|bfg ub{5 .

jGohGt' cg'udg / sfg"g sfof{Gjodf ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf clea[4L

sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf Ifdtf clea[4L ug]{ clek|fon] lgs'~hsf sd{rf/L tyf lgs'~h ;'/Iffy{ t}gfy g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ nlIft ul/ lgoldt?kdf cled"lvs/0f tflndx¿ cfof]hgf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . o:tf tflndx¿df ljz]iful/ u:tL sfo{df k|of]u ul/g] pks/0f / k|ljlwaf/]df hfgsfl/ lbg] ul/G5 . lgs'~h If]qdf lgoldt ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g] af3 / af3sf cfxf/f k|hfltx?sf] cg'udg, k|ToIf klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u+}8f cg'udg, afx|l;Ëf cg'udg, 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg tyf cGo jGohGt' / ltgsf jf;:yfg cg'udgsf ljljw k|ljlw / tf}/tl/sfsf af/]df ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[4L ug{sf nflu o:tf sfo{qmdx¿ pknlAwd"ns b]lvPsf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf afFs] / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿df sfo{/t g]kfnL ;]gfsf @$& hgf hjfgx¿ tyf afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{nodf sfo{/t $$ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfg"g sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf cled"lvs/0f tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .


jGohGt' cg'udg / sfg"g sfof{Gjodf ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf clea[4L

sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf Ifdtf clea[4L ug]{ clek|fon] lgs'~hsf sd{rf/L tyf lgs'~h ;'/Iffy{ t}gfy g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ nlIft ul/ lgoldt?kdf cled"lvs/0f tflndx¿ cfof]hgf ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . o:tf tflndx¿df ljz]iful/ u:tL sfo{df k|of]u ul/g] pks/0f / k|ljlwaf/]df hfgsfl/ lbg] ul/G5 . lgs'~h If]qdf lgoldt ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g] af3 / af3sf cfxf/f k|hfltx?sf] cg'udg, k|ToIf

jGohGt' p4f/ tyf k'g:yf{kgf

;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x¿sf] p4f/ tyf k'g:yf{kgfdf alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] nfdf] ;+nUgtf tyf bIftf /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] ljz]ifu/L b]zsf] klZrdL If]qe/ cfjZos k/]sf a]nfdf ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x¿sf] tTsfn p4f/ sfo{sf nflu ;DalGwt ;+/lIft If]q / jg sfof{nox¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] jGohGt' k|fljlws 6f]nLn] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]q / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿nfO{ @@ j6f ;d:ofu|:t jGohGt'x¿ -lrt'jf–*, kf6] af3–$, u}+8f–^, h+unL xfQL–!, x'F8f/–!, aFb]n–!, lgnufO{–!_ p4f/ tyf cg'udgsf nflu k|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] lgDgfg';f/sf jGohGt' p4f/sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .

klxrfgdf cfwfl/t u+}8f cg'udg, afx|l;Ëf cg'udg, 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg tyf cGo jGohGt' / ltgsf jf;:yfg cg'udgsf ljljw k|ljlw / tf}/tl/sfsf af/]df ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Ifdtf clej[4L ug{sf nflu o:tf sfo{qmdx¿ pknlAwd"ns b]lvPsf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf afFs] / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hx¿df sfo{/t g]kfnL ;]gfsf @$& hgf hjfgx¿ tyf afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{nodf sfo{/t $$ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfg"g sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf cled"lvs/0f tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .


lrt'jf != s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]q, v}/fk'/@= k/z'/fd gu/kflnsf, 88]Nw'/f#= alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf k|fljlws 6f]nL / alb{of /f=lg= sf e]6]l/g/L k|fljlwssf] ;fd'lxs 6f]nLn] alb{of /f=lg=sf]

dWojtL{ If]qdf /x]sf] /fhfk'/ gu/kflnsf af6 kf;f]df k/]sf] Pp6f lrt'jfnfO{ p4f/ ul/ glhs}sf] jg If]qdf 5f]l8Psf] lyof] .

$= ;+o'Qm p4f/ 6f]nLn] s}nfnL lhNnfsf] l6sfk'/ If]qaf6 yk ! j6f lrt'jf p4f/ u/L alb{of /f= lg= sf] dWojtL{ If]qdf 5f8]sf] lyof] . pQm lrt'jfn] p4f/k"j{ @ hgf ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/L ;lxt ^ hgf :yfgLonfO{ cfqmd0f u/L 3fOt] agfPsf] lyof] .

oL ;a} p4f/ sfo{ ;s'zn / ;'/lIft tl/sfaf6 ;DkGg ul/Psf lyP, h;n] ubf{ cGo 36gfx¿ x'g kfPsf lyPgg\ .

kf6] af3 != alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ If]qdf kg]{ cd|]lg kf]i6 glhs Pp6f efn] kf6] af3 -ID-MT05_ uf8Lsf] 7Ss/af6 k"0f{ 3fOt] ePsf]df alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, lgs'~h ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf] g]kfnL ;]gf / alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf jGohGt' k|fljlwsx¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|of;df p4f/ u/L lgs'~h kl/;/sf] p4f/ s]Gb|df /flvPsf] lyof] . pkrf/sf] qmddf pQm af3sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .

@= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{t e'l/ufpF If]qdf Pp6f jois af3n] :yfgLo JolQmnfO{ cfqmd0f ul/ df/]kl5 lgs'~hn] kl/rfng u/]sf] k|fljlws 6f]nLn] pk/f]Qm af3nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] lyof] . lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] af3sf] z/L/sf] ;"Id cWoonn] pQm af3 a'9f] pd]/sf sf/0f czQm eO{ ;lhnf] cfxf/sf] vf]hLdf h+un 5]p cfPsf] / 36gf 36]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ;f] af3sf] klg p4f/ s]Gb|df pkrf/ ug]{ qmddf d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

3fOt] u}+8fsf] pkrf/

!= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf]] aaO{ gbL pkTosf If]qdf @ j6f 3fOt] u+}8fx¿sf] pkrf/ sfo{df ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . k|fljlws 6f]nLsf] cys k|of;sf afah'b klg 3fOt] b'a} kf]yL u}+8fsf] d[To' e};s]sf] 5 .

@= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf Pp6f 3fOt] u+}8f -ID No. 8, tLv] dfp_ nfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm u+}8f 3fOt] x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0f efn] u}+8f;Fusf] åGå lyof] . k6sk6ssf] pkrf/sf afah'b klg ulx/f] 3fp, rf]6k6ssf sf/0f pk/f]Qm u+}8fsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 .

#= alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf Pp6f u}+8fsf] aRrf -s]6f], ID No. 41, tLgs'g] sfNkm_ af3sf] cfqmd0faf6 3fOt] ePsf] cj:yfdf e]l6Psf] lyof] . pkrf/sf] qmddf pk/f]Qm u+}8f af3sf] cfqmd0fdf kl/ d/]sf] lyof] .

$= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~haf6 aaO{ pkTosfdf 5f]l8Psf] efn] u}+8f -ID B8_ dWojtL{ If]q aflx/sf] jgdf k6s k6s b]vf k/]sf]n] 6f]nLsf] tLg k6ssf] cys k|of;df s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf ;'/lIft ?kdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf lyP .

hu+nL xfQLsf] cg'udg

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] kftfef/, ;"o{k6'jf, g]pnfk'/, 9s]nf nofotsf dWojtL{ If]qsf a:tLx¿df b'Mv lbb} cfO/x]sf] nueu !* b]lv @) jif{sf] efn] h+unL jois xfQLdf :of6nfO6 /]8Lof] sn/ h8fg u/]sf] lyof] . o;l/ h8fg ul/Psf] /]l8of] sn/sf] d2tn] pQm xfQLsf] lar/0fsf] cj:yfaf/] cg'udg ul/ ;d'bfonfO{ pk/f]Qm cj:yfaf/] ;dod} hfgsf/L lbb} ;Defljt IftL Go'gLs/0fsf] k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] .


;+/lIft If]q / kof{j/0f

jf;:yfg Joj:yfkg

s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qdf 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] b"n{e jGohGt' s[i0f;f/sf] lbuf] ;+/If0fsf nflu jf;:yfg Joj:yfkgsf lqmofsnfkx¿df s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qnfO{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]gdf o; jGohGt'nfO{ ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] ;"lrdf ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 . s[i0f;f/ ;+/If0f If]qdf 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg ;xof]u cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] o; cjlwdf !% x]S6/ 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . pk/f]Qm

sfo{qmddfkm{t s[i0f;f/n] dg gk/fpg] ldrfxf k|hfltsf jg:kltx¿nfO{ gi6 ul/ kf]lifnf] 3fF; k|hfltsf lj?jfx¿ x'ls{g] jftfj/0f agfpg k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qdf 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qsf ljleGg kf/Ll:yltsLo k|0ffnLx?dWo] 3fF;] d}bfg kf/Ll:yltsLo k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] 5 . ;fgf–7"nf zfsfxf/L tyf df+;xf/L jGohGt'sf] dxTjk"0f{ jf;:yfgsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 3fF;] d}bfgx¿n] af3 / af3sf] cfxf/ k|hfltx¿sf] ;+/If0fdf ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkgsf]


sfo{ lgs'~h Joj:yfkgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

lgs'~h :yfkgfk"j{ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h leqsf 3fF;] d}bfgx¿sf] Joj:yfkgdf dfgljo ultljlwx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] dflgG5 . To;tfsf lgs'~h If]qsf 3fF;] d}bfgx¿df 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x¿sf] r/g ;d]t pNn]Vo dfqfdf /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf lgs'~h If]q leqsf a:tLx¿ :yfgfGt/0fkl5 3fF;] d}bfgsf] ljBdfg :j?kdf ;d]t s]lx kl/jt{g cfPsf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . xfn}sf bzsdf g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qsf clwsf+z ;+/lIft If]qx?df 3fF;] d}bfgx¿sf] pTkfbsTj / :j?kdf kl/jt{g x'guPsf] / To;sf sf/0f h}ljs ljljwtfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] 3fF;] d}bfgsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg k]lrnf] cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljZj;fd' ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf kf6] Aff3sf] ;+VofnfO{ bf]Aa/ k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . af3sf] ;+Vof a9fpgsf nflu pknAw cfxf/f k|hfltsf] ;+Vof a9fpg cfjZos 5 . o;} nIo cg'?k alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf 3fF;] d}bfgx¿sf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkgsf] k|f?k to ug{sf nflu alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] cg';Gwfg sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{sf] g]t[Tj Wageningen University, g]b/Nof08

af6 alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 3fF;] d}bfg Joj:yfkg ljifodf ljBfjfl/lw ub}{ ug{'ePsf o; sfo{qmdsf ;+/If0f clws[t >L Zofd s'df/ yfkfn] ug{'ePsf] 5 . cg';Gwfg sfo{ cGtu{t alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s0ff{nL gbLtl6o If]qsf # j6f 3fF;] d}bfgx¿df &)=** x]S6/ If]q -@#=^# x]S6/ sG6«f]n Kn6 / $&=@% x]S6/ Joj:yfkg ul/Psf]_ ;d]l6Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd k|To]s cg';Gwfg Kn6x¿af6 lg/Gt/?kdf cfwf/e"t tYofÍ ;ª\sngsf] sfd ePsf] 5 .

k|f/lDes glthf cg';f/ cfxf/f k|hfltn] 3fF;] d}bfg pkof]u ug]{ ljifo 3fF;] d}bfgsf] agfj6 / km}nfj6n] lgwf{/0f ug]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . d[u k|hfltsf hgfj/x¿n] ljz]iftM 7"nf v'Nnf If]qx¿ r/0fsf nflu ?rfpg] / lgoldt ?kdf 3fF; sf6\g] k|s[ofn] 3fF;] d}bfgx?sf] pkof]lutf a9]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cg';Gwfgsf] glthfn] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hnfO{ cfxf/f k|hfltsf] lbuf] ;+/If0fsfnflu dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .

jGohGt'sf nflu kf]v/L lgdf{0f

afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] uf]7]/L 3fF;] d}bfg If]qdf jGohGt'sf nflu kfgL tfGg] ;f]nf/ d]l;g ;lxtsf] kfgL kf]v/L lgdf{0f


;xof]lu l;4 x'g] ax'pkof]lu jg:kltsf k|hfltx¿nfO{ a9fjf lbb} cfPsf] 5 . jif]{lg sl/a *,))) lj?jfx¿ pTkfbg ul/ ;d'bfonfO{ pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 / jflif{s % x]= eGbf a9L jgIf]qsf] x}l;ot ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

;fd'bflos jg k'g:yf{kgf ;xof]u (Restoration support)

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] x}l;ot lalu|Psf ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf a[4L ug]{ tyf af9L klx/f]sf] hf]lvd 36fO ;fd'bflos jg If]qsf] x}l;ot a9fpg] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmd cGtu{t alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] pQ/L dWojtL{ If]qsf] t/+uf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / n]vk/fh'n pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf * x]S6/ If]qdf j[Iff/f]k/0f / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . o:t} 7fs'/afaf, lzjk'/ / g]pnfk'/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] If]qdf kg]{ cf]/fxL gbL lsgf/sf] & x]S6/ If]qdf ;d]t k'g{:yfkgfsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

ul/Psf] 5 . k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{;+u hf]l8Psf] of] If]q jGohGt'sf] pTs[i6 jf;:yfg tyf lar/0f If]qsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5 . tyflk ljz]iftM ;'Vvf df};ddf o; If]qdf kfgLsf] cefj eO jGohGt'nfO{ c;/ ug]{ ePsfn] kfgL kf]v/Lsf] lgdf{0f kZrft jif{el/g} kfgLsf] pknAwtf x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

jg Joj:yfkg

jg g;{/L Joj:yfkg

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfn b]lvg} alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qsf jgx¿sf] x}l;ot ;'wf/sf nflu of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] jg g;{/Lsf] Joj:yfkg ul/ ;d'bfonfO{ cfjZos jg:kltsf lj?jfx¿ pknAw u/fpg] tyf a[Iff/f]k0f / c;n jg Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] jgsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg] tyf :yfgLo :t/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf


;+/lIft If]q ;'ljwf tyf ;]jf

;+o'Qm ;'/Iff kf]i6 -uf8{ kf]i6_ lgdf{0f

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf tLgj6f /0fgLlts If]qx¿df lgs'~h sfof{no / lgs'~h ;'/Iffy{ vl6Psf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf nflu ;+o'Qm uf8{ kf]i6 lgdf{0fsf nflu ;DalGwt lgs'~h sfof{nox¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd cGtu{t afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] sf]xnk'/–;'v]{t ;8sv08 cGtu{t kg]{ b]p/fnL tyf k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ If]qsf] l;S6f / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 9s]nf If]qdf gofF kf]i6x¿ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|To]s uf8{ kf]i6x¿df @) hgf ;Dd ;'/IffsdL{ / lgs'~hsf sd{rf/L a:g ldNg] ejg, efG;f 3/, :gfg sIfsf] ;'ljwf /x]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;]jf sfo{qmd

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] klZrd dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{tsf] a~h/Lofdf cjl:yt u]?jf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf] lgoldt Joj:yfkgdf o; sfo{qmdn] @)%@ ;fn b]lv ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; s]Gb|af6 cf=j= @)&^÷&& df $$#@ hgf :yfgLo -k'?ifM !((^, dlxnfM @$#^, blntM ^##, hghfltM @)^( / cGoM *&#_ n] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo hfFr, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, l6=la= hfFr, k|of]uzfnf hfFr h:tf :jf:Yo ;]jf kfPsf lyP . o; cjlwdf u]?jf ufpFkflnsfdf o; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]u Pjd\ ;xsfo{Dff cfg'j+lzs /f]u l;sn ;]n olgldof /f]uaf6 lkl8tx¿sf] klxrfg tyf cfjZos pkrf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] @ j6f ljz]if :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . kftfef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] klxnf] lzlj/df @!) hgfsf] hfFr ul/Psf] -k'?if M #&, dlxnf M !#&_ eg] a~h/Lof :jf:Yo s]Gb|df ;~rfng ul/Psf] bf];|f] lzlj/df !&! hgf :yfgLox¿n] nfe lnPsf lyP -dlxnf M &*, k'?if M (#_ . u]?jf :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf] ;dGjo / e]/L c~rn c:ktfnsf ljif]z1 lrlsT;sx¿sf] ;xof]udf b'a} lzlj/x¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf lyP .

o;}ul/ alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] cfof]hgf / e]/L c~rn c:ktfn, alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd tyf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;dGjodf 7fs'/4f/fdf Ps lbg] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgMz'Ns ?kdf ljleGg /f]u h:t} cfFvf, 5fnf,


d'6', k|;'lt, hg/n lkmlhl;og cflb ;]jf k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . lzlj/af6 !,))) eGbf a9L :yfgLon] ;]jf kfPsf lyP .

af6f] dd{t

o; cjlwdf hDdf !@=% ls=ld= -alb{ofM *=^ ls=ld=, afFs]M #=( ls=ld=_ af6f] dd{t tyf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . afFs] / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf dWojtL{ If]qsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df eO/x]sf af6f]sf] :t/f]GgtL tyf gofF af6f]x¿sf] lgdf{0fn] lgs'~h tyf ;fd'bflos jgdf u:tL ug{ ;lhnf] x'gsf ;fy} ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ kof{ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s nfe k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

;+/If0f gLlt / of]hgf

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k~r jifL{o -@)!*—@)@@_ Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . o; Joj:yfkg of]hgfn] lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qdf xfn;Dd ePsf sfdnfO{ ;ldIff ub}{ eljiosf] sfo{of]hgf lgb]{z u/]sf] 5 . o; of]hgfn] ljif]z u/L jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfg Joj:yfkg ub}{ kof{ko{6gsf] dfWodaf6 ;d'bfo:t/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] cfwf/ to u/]sf] 5 .

:jR5 hnLo kof{j/0f

uf]xL cg'udg

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf ;g\ @)!^ b]lv lgoldt ?kdf 3l8ofn (Gavialis gangeticus) / du/ uf]xL (Crocodylus palustris) cg'udg sfo{ ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . o; sfo{df alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf jGohGt' k|fljlws / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf k|fljlwsx¿sf] ;+nUgtf /xG5 . cg'udg sfo{ s0ff{nL / aaO{ gbL If]q tyf cf;kf;sf l;d;f/ If]qx¿df cfwfl/t /xg] u/]sf] 5 .

cg'udgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo b'j} gbL k|0ffnLdf uf]xLsf] ;+Vof / ljr/0fsf] cj:yf kQf nufpg' /x]sf] lyof] . b'j} gbL k|0fflndf /]s8{ ul/Psf uf]xLsf] ;+Vof tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . cg'udgsf] glthfn] s0ff{nL gbL If]qdf uf]xLsf] ;+Vofdf lu/fj6 cfPsf] b]lvG5 . cTolws df5f dfg]{ sfo{, afn'jf tyf 9'Ëf h:tf gbLhGo lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] hyfeflj ;ª\sng, gbLsf] tNnf] tl6o If]qdf ag]sf Aof/]h h:tf ;+/rgf nufotsf dfgljo ultljlwx¿sf sf/0f uf]xLsf] jf;:yfgdf gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . pQm vt/fsf] k'li6 @)&& ;fn ciff9 !% ut] u]?jf glbsf] xfQLdrfg If]qdf d/]sf] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] efn] 3l8ofnn] klg ub{5 .

tflnsf #= s0ff{nL / aaO{ gbL If]qdf uf]xLsf] ;du| ;+VofTds cj:yf

2016 2019 2020

k|hflt aaO{ gbL s0ff{nL gbL aaO{ gbL s0ff{nL gbL aaO{ gbL s0ff{nL gbL

3l8ofn 31 1 14 0 16 ;j]{If0f gul/Psf]

du/ 39 12 45 6 43 ;j]{If0f gul/Psf]


;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] lgoldt ?kdf ;+/If0f z'Ns af6 cflh{t lglZrt /sdaf6 alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] d'Vofno 7fs'/åf/fdf ko{6sx¿sf] d'Vo cfsif{0fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] yf? ;f+:s[lts ;+u|xfnosf] Aoj:yfkg tyf dd{t ;Def/ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . of] ;+u|xfno k/Dk/fut

yf? ;+:s[lt tyf ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;+u|xfnodf yf? ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut kf]zfs, uxgf tyf pQm ;d'bfonfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b}lgs hLjgofkgsf dxTjk"0f{ j:t'x¿nfO{ k|bz{gdf /flvPsf] 5 . cf=j= @)&^÷&& df %)&## hgf cfuGt'sn] yf? ;f+:s[lts ;+u|xfno cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP .


;+/If0f cy{tGq

k|s[ltdf cfwfl/t ko{6g

k|s[lt kyk|bz{s tflnd

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtf tyf ;xsfo{df alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf @ j6f cfwf/e"t k|s[lt kyk|bz{s tflndx¿ ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . oL tflndx¿af6 %* hgf dWojtL{ If]qsf o'jfx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ -cg';"lr #_ . o:t} o; sfo{qmdn] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] cfof]hgf tyf dWojtL{ If]qleqsf :yfgLo lgsfo / ;+/If0fsf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df ;DkGg ul/Psf] cfwf/e"t k|s[lt kyk|bz{s tflnddf k|fljlws ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm tflndaf6 afF;u9L gu/kflnsf, af/alb{of gu/kflnsf, 7fs'/afaf gu/kflnsf / u]?jf ufpFkflnsf If]qsf #* hgf o'jfx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hn] cf=j= @)&%÷&^ df dWojtL{ If]qdf ko{6gsf] ljljlws/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] o;cl3 k|rngdf /x]sf] 7fs'/åf/f k|j]zåf/sf

cltl/Qm yk rf/ j6f k|j]zåf/x¿ -/Defk'/, cd|]gL, r]kfª / a~h/Lof_ vf]n]sf] 5 . o; tflndaf6 nfeflGjt o'jfx¿n] pk/f]Qm yk ul/Psf k|j]zåf/x¿ nlIft ko{6g k|aw{gdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff lnOPsf] 5 .

o:t} o; sfo{qmdn] alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, ZSL g]kfn, lxdfnog g]r/, km]8/];g ljZjljBfno ci6«]lnof / rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofg alb{of;Fusf] ;xsfo{df alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h cfwfl/t jl/i7 kyk|bz{s¿sf nflu kfFr lbg] jGohGt' dfu{lgb]{zg sfo{zfnf (Wildlife guiding workshop) cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . pk/f]Qm sfo{qmdaf6 @@ hgf kyk|bz{sx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .

kl5Nnf] ;dodf alb{of–afFs] If]qdf kf6]af3sf] ;+Vofdf pNn]Vo dfqfdf b]lvPsf] j[l4;+u} ko{6ssf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . a9\bf] ko{6sLo ultljlwnfO{ ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu tflndk|fKt kyk|bz{sx¿sf] pNn]Vo


e"ldsf /xg] ub{5 . o; sfo{qmdn] ljz]iftM kof{ko{6gsf cj;/x?df j[l4 ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] :yfkgf sfnb]lvg} dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;

3'DtLsf]if dfkm{t kof{ko{6g ljsf;df of]ubfg

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] afFs] / alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf 3/af; sfo{qmd -xf]d:6]_ sf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu 3'lDtsf]if dfkm{t ?= @% nfv kl/rfng u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] klZrd t/fO{ If]qdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf ljljw ko{6sLo ;]jfx¿df xf]d:6] ko{6gsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . ljz]iful/ ko{6sLo ;Defjgfn] el/k"0f{ u|fld0f If]qsf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfox¿sf nflu kof{ko{6gsf dfWodaf6 hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df xf]d:6] ko{6gsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . alb{of / afFs] If]qsf oLg} ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ul/ of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{ If]q, efbf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] ;Tvn'jf xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg pk–;ldltn] !) j6f 3/w'/Lx¿df xf]d:6] Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] 5 eg] /}yfg] v]tL k|0ffnLnfO{ k|jw{g ul/ xf]d:6] Joj;fonfO{ yk 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;}ul/ afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{ If]q, v8\uef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] v8\uef/ gd"gf


xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg pk–;ldlt cGtu{t ^ j6f 3/w'/Ldf ;f] ;]jf z'? ul/Psf] 5 . xfn b'a} xf]d:6] ufpFdf ko{6sLo ultljlwx¿ ;~rfng eO :yflgo :t/sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf of]ubfg k'u]sf] 5 / dfgj jGohGt' ;x—cl:tTj ljsf; ug]{ lbzfdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] 5 .

ko{6sLo ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿sf] ;'wf/

sfo{qmdn] afFs] / alb{of lhNnfsf :yfgLo ;/sf/ / dWojtL{ If]qsf hg;d'bfosf] ;xsfo{df kof{ko{6g k|jw{gsf nflu ;Defjgfo'Qm If]qx?df ax'cfoflds cjnf]sg drfg -Eo" 6fj/_ lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . o; vfn] ;+/rgf ljsf;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] ko{6sLo ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx¿sf] ljljlws/0f / ;dGoflos ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' xf] .

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] efbf dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{t ;Tvn'jf tfn If]qdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx¿;+usf] ;xsfo{df Pp6f tLg tn] kSsL drfg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] drfgnfO{ u'0f:tl/o ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ x]t'n] ;'ljwf;DkGg tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;}ul/ ;Tvn'jf If]qdf yk Ps kmnfd] Eo" 6fj/ ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;Tvn'jf tfn ;+/If0f ;ldlt dfkm{t ko{6sLo ;]jfx¿nfO{ yk ljljlws/0f ug]{ x]t'n] $ j6f sf7sf 8'Ëfx¿ ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 .

o;}u/L alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd / ljleGg ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{df afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]q cGtu{t ufe/ EofnL xf]d:6] If]qdf tLg tn] Eo" 6fj/ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 . ufe/ If]q xfn;fn} g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf !)) j6f ko{6sLo uGtJox¿df ;"rLs[t ePsf] 5 / cfGtl/s ko{6gdf dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 . ufe/ If]qdf cjl:yt nfoG; kfs{sf] xftfdf lgdf{0fflwg o; Eo" 6fj/n] ;d]t ko{6sLo ;]jf ljljlws/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .

xf]d:6] Joj:yfkg tyf cltly ;Tsf/ tflnd

of] sfo{qmd ljz]if u/]/ lgs'~h 5]p5fpdf a;f]af; ug]{ ul/j / l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{ kof{ko{6gsf dfWodaf6 pgLx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] x]t'n] ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] . ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] ;xsfo{Dff xfn alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf * j6f ;fd'bflos xf]d:6] / s]lx JolQmut xf]d:6]x¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . of] tflndsf] d'Vo p2]Zo o:tf xf]d :6]x?df ;]jf k|jfx ug{ bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{' /x]sf] lyof] . alb{of / afFs] If]qdf ;~rflnt ljleGg xf]d:6]x?df cfj4 !* -cg';"rL $_ hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg @ lbg] tflnddf xf]d:6] Jo:yfkg / cltly ;Tsf/sf ljljw kIfx?df ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s 1fgx¿ ;Dk|]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] .


hnjfo' kl/jt{g

uf]a/UofF; ;xof]u sfo{qmd

:jR5 pmhf{sf] ljsf; dfkm{t hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿nfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug]{ sfo{df alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmd lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 . uf]a/UofF;sf ;DefJotfx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ o; sfo{qmdaf6 alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf cfly{s jif{ )%$÷)%% b]lv yk cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Pkl5 uf]a/UofF; agfpg] qmd a9L/x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf o; cjlwdf dWojtL{ If]qsf hDdf !## 3/w'/LnfO{ -efbf pkef]Qmf ;d"x wwjf/–#!

j6f, s/]lnof pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /Ddfk'/–!& j6f, kftfef/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt kftfef/–#% j6f, u]?jf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt uf]nf–!% j6f, laGb|f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt kz'kltgu/–!% j6f / c;f/]uf}8L pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dgfp–@) j6f_ uf]a/UofF; KnfG6 lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . xfn -@)&& c;f/ d;fGt_ ;Dd sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf !(&( j6f uf]a/UofF; KnfG6 lgdf{0f e};s]sf 5g\ . uf]a/UofF;sf] k|of]un] :yfgLo hgtfx¿nfO{ pmhf{sf nflu jg dflysf] lge{/tf 36fPsf] 5 eg] w'jfFhGo :jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿ 36fO kfl/jfl/s :j:ytfdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 .


Jfftfj/0fLo lzIff, cg';Gwfg / hgr]tgf

cWoog cg';Gwfg

alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] x/]s jif{ ljleGg /fli6«o÷ cGt/f{li6«o z}lIfs ;+:yf / ljZjljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;+/If0fsf ljljw cfofdx¿df cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . dxTjk"0f{ jGohGt'sf k|hflt tyf ltgsf jf;:yfg Pjd\ lgs'~h Joj:yfkgdf r'gf}ltsf ?kdf b]vfk/]sf ;d;fdlos ljifox¿sf cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ o; sfo{qmdn] dxTj lbPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf sfo{qmdn] #$ hgf -cg';"rL %_ /fli6«o÷ cGt/f{li6«o ljZjljBfnodf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{sf nflu ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

klZrd t/fO{ e"kl/lw If]qdf h+uln xfQLsf] cg';Gwfg

g]kfnsf] klZrd If]qdf lar/0f ug]{ xfQLsf] e"kl/lw :t/sf] ;+VofTds cj:yf kQf nufpgsf nflu cg';Gwfg sfo{ hf/L /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{sf nflu xfQLsf] ljifodf ljBfjfl/lw cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t >L czf]s /fd Ho"sf] g]t[Tjdf cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;+nUg jGohGt' k|fljlwsx¿sf nflu Ps lbg] cfwf/e"t tflnd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . xfQLsf] ;+Vof kQf nufpg] sfo{sf nflu Kofr cs'k]lG; ljlw k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . Kofr cs'k]G;L ;e]{ ;Fu}


jg:kltsf k|hfltx¿sf] klxrfg, xfQLsf] lbzf ;ª\sng tyf :yfgLo JolQmx¿;Fu cg';Gwfg;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ljifox¿df k|ZgfjnL ;j]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . xfn tYofÍ ljZn]if0f Pj+ sf]if cGtu{t lrtjgdf /x]sf] h}ljs ljljwtf s]Gb|df cfg'j+lzs cWoogsf] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

;+/If0f lzIff

:yfgLo :t/df ;+/If0f ;DaGwL ;r]tgf a[4Lsf nflu lgoldt ?kdf ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . o; cjlwdf ;+/If0f ;r]tgfsf ljleGg uf]i7L, a}7sx¿, lbj; tyf ;df/f]x -jGohGt' ;Ktfx, ljZj l;d;f/ lbj;, jftfj/0f lbj;, af3 lbj; cflb_ sf dfWodaf6 k|ToIf ?kdf !@))) eGbf a9L :yfgLo hgtfx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . o:t} #) j6f eGbf a9L lgs'~h e|d0fsf sfo{qmdx¿af6 ^)) sf] xf/fxf/Ldf :yfgLo ;+/If0f kqsf/x¿, rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofgsf ;b:ox¿, ljBfyL{, dlxnf tyf dWojtL{ ;~hfnsf ;b:ox¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdn] oL ljljw ultljlwsf dfWodaf6 :yfgLo :t/df jGohGt' ;+/If0fsf nflu ;sf/fTds wf/0ff ljsf; ug{sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

ljBfno jftfj/0f lzIfs sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] dWojtL{ If]qdf cjl:yt ljBfnox¿sf jftfj/0f lzIfsx¿nfO{ ;+/If0fsf gljg cfofd Pjd\ r'gf}ltx¿af/] hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] ljBfno jftfj/0f ;~hfn (SENSE) g]kfn / hd{gL ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df b'O{ j6f -b'O{ lbg]_ k"gtf{hlu sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm uf]i7Lx¿af6 hDdf ^% hgf lzIfs lzlIfsfx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf lyP . uf]i7Lsf ;];gx¿ ljz]iful/ h}ljs ljljwtf x|f;, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, dfgj jGohGt' larsf] ;x–cl:tTj ljsf; tyf xfQL, af3, u+}8f h:tf ;+s6fkGg jGohGt'x¿sf] ;+/If0fdf s]lGb|t /x]sf lyP .

;d:ofu|:t xfQL Joj:yfkgsf nflu lgs'~hsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ tflnd

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf dfgj jGohGt' åGå Go"lgs/0fsf nflu cu|df]rf{df pleP/ sfd ug]{ @@ hgf sd{rf/Lx¿sf nflu Ps lbg] ;d:ofu|:t xfQL Joj:yfkg tflnd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . tflndsf ;xeflux¿nfO{ wghgsf] IftL pGd'v xfQLnfO{ s;l/ s"zntfk"j{s jf;:yfgdf kmsf{pg] / To:tf] sfo{ ubf{ JolQmut / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nflu

lrq ^=h+uln xfQLsf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu g]kfnsf] gS;fdf klZrd t/fO{sf] xfQL kfpg] If]qnfO{ kx]nf] /+un] b]vfOPsf] .

pk/f]Qm If]qdf of] cg';Gwfg sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .



ckgfOg'kg]{ /0fgLltsf af/]df cfjZos 1fgx¿ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg tflnd

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] 7fs'/åf/f, ;"o{k6'jf / lzjk'/ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt cGtu{tsf @& j6f dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgsf #! hgf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ Ps lbg] ;fd'bflos jg Joj:yfkg tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h cGtu{t !@( j6f dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg, # j6f lghL jg / Pp6f wfld{s jgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . tflndsf ;xeflux¿nfO{ jg Joj:yfkgsf j}1flgs tf}/tl/sf, j[Iff/f]k0fsf tf}/tl/sf, jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu ag]sf P]g lgodx¿df ;do ;fk]If ePsf kl/jt{gx¿, n]vf Joj:yfkg nufotsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .

dfgj xfQL ;x–cl:tTj ljsf;sf nflu k|lzIffly{x¿sf nflu k|lzIf0f

alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h, z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h / alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf sd{rf/L tyf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsfl/,

rf]/Llzsf/ lgoGq0f o'jf kl/rfng cleofgsf ;b:o / jftfj0f lzIfsx¿sf nflu % lbg] tflnd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if / Zoo

Outreach Oranization, India sf] ;xsfo{df ;DkGg pk/f]Qm tflndaf6 #% hgf k|lzIffly{x¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . tflndsf ;xeflux¿nfO{ xfQL ;DalGw cfwf/e"t 1fg, ;d:ofu|:t xfQLaf6 aRg] tf}/tl/sf, ;d'bfodf xfQL ;DalGw ;r]tgf hufpgsf nflu cfjZos snf / ;Lkx¿ l;sfOPsf] lyof] .

tflndsf ;xeflux¿n] 7fs'/åf/fdf cjl:yt ljBfnosf !)) hgf eGbf a9L dfWoflds txsf ljBfyL{x¿ ;+nUg ul/ ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf lyP . ;xeflux¿n] ljleGg >Jo b[Zo nufotsf elephant kit sf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ xfQL ;+/If0f lsg / s;/L eGg] ljifodf k|i6\ofPsf lyP . o;}u/L lgs'~h sfof{no glhs} /x]sf] a]txgL dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d'xsf @* hgf ;b:ox¿nfO{ klg xfQL ;+/If0f ;r]tgf lbOPsf] lyof] . ;xeflux¿;Fu dfgj xfQL åGåsf ljljw cfofdx¿af/] 5nkmn ul/ xfQL;Fu ;xofqfsf nflu ;fd'bflos kxnsf nflu cfXjfg ul/Psf] lyof] .


/fhdfu{ If]qdf ;"rgf af]8{x¿ h8fg

jGohGt' ;+/If0f sfo{df /fhdfu{ If]qdf x'g] b'3{6gfx¿ kl5Nnf] ;dodf r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu alb{of–afFs] sDKn]S; -alb{of / afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / ltgsf dWojtL{ If]q_ df dfq} jflif{s !)) sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ;8s b'3{6gfsf sf/0f ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ k|hfltsf jGohGt'x¿sf] d[To' x'g]u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf dfq alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf kg]{ k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ If]qdf ;8s b'3{6gfsf sf/0f b'O{ j6f jois af3sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . /fhdfu{ If]qdf x'g]

;+/If0fdf ;xsfo{

b'3{6gfx¿ ljz]if ul/ uf8L rfnssf] nfk/afxL, cTolws ult tyf jGohGt'sf jf;:yfg / jGohGt' ck/fwsf af/]df hfgsf/Lsf] sldsf sf/0f ePsf] kfOPsf 5g\ . o;y{ o:tfvfn] b'3{6gfsf sf/0f x'g] jGohGt'sf] IftLnfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{sf nflu afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h cGtu{tsf] k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{sf] ljleGg :yfgdf hDdf ^ j6f ;"rgfd"ns af]8{x¿ h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L /fhdfu{ If]qdf u'8\g] ;jf/L ;fwgsf nflu to ul/Psf] clwstd utL / ;Defljt b'3{6gf tyf ltgsf kl/0ffdsf ljifox¿ o:tf af]8{x¿df ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

;+/If0fdf ;xosfo{


cg';"rL !M alb{of–afFs] If]qdf o; sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u u/]sf ;'wfl/Psf] vf]/ sfo{qmdsf nfeflGjtx¿sf] ljj/0f

cg';"rLx¿

qm=;= gfd hftLo ;d"x 7]ufgf

1 b]pdf k'g hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

2 a]ndtL k'g hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

3 afnLsf jnL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

4 e'k axfb'/ vqL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

5 efu l;+x afF7f hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

6 clgtf afF7f hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

7 dlg;f a'9fyf]sL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

8 lvd axfb'/ a'9f hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

9 rqm axfb'/ jnL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

10 x/L k|;fb la= s= blnt km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

11 la/ axfb'/ jnL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

12 cf;f /fd 3tL{ hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

13 /fd axfb'/ /f]sfof hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

14 ltns axfb'/ 3tL{ hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

15 ltns a:g]t a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

16 df]xg s'df/L a:g]t a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

17 cfOt] /fd la=s= blnt km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

18 /]jGt vqL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

19 gGb nfn 8fFuL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

20 hLt axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

21 bjL /fh k'g hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

22 gf/fo0f 3tL{ hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

23 OGb|f 8fFuL a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

24 sdnf v8\sf a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

25 z+s/ kl/of/ blnt km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

26 uDa/ axfb'/ 3tL{ hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

27 v'dfgGb s]= ;L= a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

28 cDa/ a'9f hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

29 lgpnfn k'nfdL hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª



30 ljdnf kl/of/ blnt km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

31 dfg axfb'/ k'g hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

32 lgnd 3tL{ hghftL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

33 wg axfb'/ s]= ;L= a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

34 ?k nfn la= s= blnt km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

35 e› axfb'/ a:g]t a|fXd0f, If]qL km's]{;NnL dnO d=If]=p=;=, bfª

36 8G8] a'9f hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

37 blb /fd /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

38 wgla/ a'9f hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

39 bnhLt vqL a|fXd0f, If]qL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

40 k'g] /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

41 gb] /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

42 led a= /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

43 s0f{ axfb'/ k'g hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

44 ;fu/ k'g du/ hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

45 /fd axfb'/ a'9f hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

46 /]jt] k'g hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

47 x/Lefg k'g hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

48 aL/efg a:g]t a|fXd0f, If]qL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

49 h; a= g]kfnL blnt xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

50 k'g{ snL g]kfnL blnt xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

51 lav{ axfb''/ /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

52 wg axfb/ lu/L a|fXd0f, If]qL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

53 dfg axfb'/ /fjt a|fXd0f, If]qL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

54 kljqf /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

55 ;]tL/fd k'g hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

56 b]ptL l;+hfnL hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

57 ltns /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

58 sfnL /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

59 /]pt] /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

60 r's] /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

61 6]s axfb'/ 3tL{ hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

62 kljqf /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

63 nf]s axfb/ k'g hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

64 x/L axfb'/ yfkf a|fXd0f, If]qL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg

65 dg axfb'/ /fgf hghftL xfQLbdf/ 3'Oofaf/L d=If]=p=;=,;Nofg



66 dgL/fd jnL a|fXd0f, If]qL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

67 xf]n' yf? hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

68 xf}Nof yf? hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

69 u'? yf? hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

70 lzj yf? hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

71 a]ndltof yf? hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

72 v8s ;fsL{ blnt lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

73 8Da/ axfb'/ a'9f a|fXd0f, If]qL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

74 k"0f{snf v8\lsgL a|fXd0f, If]qL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

75 t"n axfb'/ du/ hghftL lzjk'/ Plss[t d=If]=p=;=,alb{of

76 dx]z rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

77 ;'dg rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

78 ;'lgtf rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

79 pd]z rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

80 hf]u jxfb'/ rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

81 xl//fd rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

82 gljgf rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

83 l6sf/fd rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

84 clgn rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

85 lakgf rf}w/L hghftL ;"o{k6'jf d=If]=p=;= / kTy/af]emL, alb{of

86 xl/eQm jg cGo Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

87 lnnf/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

88 rGb| a= yfkf a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

89 x+; a= lji6 a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

90 lty{ a= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

91 Nff]u/fh h};L a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

92 sfl;/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

93 z+s/ yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

94 ljgf]b lai6 af|Dx0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

95 h'¢ a= lji6 a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

96 zfGtL zfxL a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

97 t'nf/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

98 eUu' yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

99 l;tfdf]tL yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

100 v'lz/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

101 wSsg a= rf}w/L hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of



102 dfw'nfn yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

103 Affns[i0f yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

104 >L k|;fb h};L a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

105 s0f{/fh lu/L a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

106 nId0f yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

107 bof/fd a}w yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

108 ;'/t yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

109 pbo/fd lj=s= blnt Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

110 lbNnL k|= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

111 hGs' yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

112 dflj/ yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

113 bof/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

114 b]jL k|= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

115 lgt' rf}w/L hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

116 nfn a= rf}w/L hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

117 ljb]:gL yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

118 t'nf/fd kf08] a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

119 sf}l;nf a'9f a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

120 lrqsnf Gof}kfg] a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

121 la/ a= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

122 lbks s'df/ yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

123 pUhn] sfdL blnt Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

124 n"6] la=s blnt Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

125 lgd a= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

126 a;Gt bdfO{ blnt Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

127 nIfL/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

128 dbg s'= rf}w/L hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

129 /fh]Gb| yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

130 >L/fd yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

131 aL/ a= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

132 ;'ldqf yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

133 ;'zLnf rf}w/L hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

134 nfn a= yf? hghftL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

135 ;'s]zf zfxL a|fXd0f, If]qL Kfftfef/ d=If]=p=;=, alb{of

gf]6M afFs] /f=lg= sf] b]p/fnL xl/ofnL dWojtL{ If]qdf ul/Psf] ;xof]usf] ljj/0f ;dfj]z gul/Psf] .


cg';"rL @M dfl;s hLljsf]kfh{g /fxt /sd kfpg] Psn dlxnf tyf leGg ?kn] ;Ifd JolQmx¿sf] ljj/0f

qm=;= lkl8tsf] gfd /fxt /sd a'em\g]sf] gfd 7]ufgf 36gf 36fpg] jGohGt' 36gf ldlt

/fxt /sd kfpg] Psn dlxnfx¿sf] ljj/0f

! 3f]3]jf yf? up/L y?gL u]?jf uf= kf= # xfQL @)^&.(.(

@ cf]d k|;fb h};L cld|tf h};L 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ( xfQL @)^^.^.@*

# x/L/fd yf? e+lugLof y?gL 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ( kf6] af3 @)%^.!.%

$ k}+r' yf? ef}gL y?gL 7fs'/afaf g=kf= * xfQL @)^#.^.!&

% ;f]xg nfn yf? h'u/L y?gL 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ^ xfQL @)%^.*.@$

^ sfnLbf; yf? a]ndf]tL y?gL 7fs'/afaf g=kf= & xfQL @)^*.^.@)

& pbo axfb'/ ;fFpb zfGtL ;fFpb 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ! xfQL @)^#.!).@*

* v6\s] nf]xf/ rgf nf]xfgL{ u]?jf uf= kf= ^ xfQL @)^@.%.!^

( bn axfb'/ v8\sf lgd{nf v8\sf af/alb{of g=kf= ( xfQL @)^(.^.@^

!) lzjnfn e08f/L b]psnL e08f/L af/alb{of g=kf= ( xfQL @)^@.%.@$

!! wgla/ yf? e'l;of y?gL 7fs'/afaf g=kf= & u+}8f @)%).!.@%

!@ lzjgfy of]uL pbf;L of]uL dw'jg g=kf= ! u+}8f @)^@.*.!(

!# lu/L/fh bd} /]vf kl/of/ af/alb{of g=kf=& xfQL @)^*.!).!)

!$ ;De' bofn s8]n k"0f{ s'df/L s8]n 7fs'/afaf g=kf= @ xfQL @)&).*.(

!% 5f]6sL yf? hfgsL yf? 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ( xfQL @)&!.!.!)

!^ k[YjLkfn yf? d}gfdf]tL yf? 7fs'/afaf g=kf= & xfQL @)&@.!).@&

!& nx'jf yf? em'7fdNnL y?gL u]?jf uf= kf= # aFb]n @)&!.!!.!(

!* k|]d s'df/ rf}w/L ;'zLnf rf}w/L u]?jf uf= kf= # xfQL @)&#.$.!#

!( b'v'jf yf? cf;Lof y?gL af/alb{of g=kf= ( xfQL @)&!.(.@!

@) nx'jf yf? /fh s'df/L yf? u]?jf uf= kf= # aFb]n @)&!.!!.!(

@! d+u? yf? d~h' yf? 7fs'/afaf g=kf= & kf6] Aff3 @)&^.)&.!(

/fxt /sd kfpg] jGohGt'af6 3fOt] ePsfx¿sf] ljj/0f

! nIdL k|;fb uf}td nIdL k|;fb uf}td 7fs'/afaf g=kf ^ lrt'jf @)^&.!!.!)

@ sfnL b]jL v8\sf sfnL b]jL v8\sf af/alb{of g=kf=& xfQL @)^@.(.$

# x:t axfb'/ sfdL x:t axfb'/ sfdL 7fs'/afaf g=kf=^ xfQL @)^#.^.%

$ k|;bjf yf? k|;bjf yf? 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ( xfQL @)^%.(.*

% ;'ldqf rf}w/L ;'ldqf rf}w/L afF;u9L g=kf= ^ xfQL @)^&.(.%

^ rGb|snf zfxL rGb| snf zfxL a/xftfn g=kf= ! efn' @)&!.).)

& afnfhf]uL yf? afnfhf]uL yf? 7fs'/afaf g=kf= ( xfQL @)&$.^.!%


cg';"rL #M alb{of ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{df ;~rflnt k|s[lt ky k|bz{s tflndaf6 nfeflGjtx¿sf] ljj/0f

qm=;= gfd lnË hftLo ;d"x

;xefuL ljj/0fM k|s[lt kyk|bz{s tflnd, alb{of

! lj/]Gb| k|;fb clwsf/L k'?if Af|fXd0f, If]qL,

@ clj;sf/ x'dfufO{ k'?if Af|fXd0f, If]qL

# ljZjgfy of]uL k'?if hghftL

$ ;[hgf kf]v/]n dlxnf Af|fXd0f, If]qL

% a;GtL a/}nL dlxnf blnt

^ nIdL kl/of/ dlxnf blnt

& d~h' dxt/f dlxnf Af|fXd0f, If]qL

* wd{ /fh l3ld/] k'?if Af|fXd0f, If]qL

( ljzfn e'h]n k'?if Af|fXd0f, If]qL

!) s[i0f axfb'/ /fgfdu/ k'?if hghftL

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qm=;+ gfd ljZjljBfno / l8u|L cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo

1 Ms. Eva Drukker Wageningen University, MSc Monitoring climate change effects on macro-invertebrtes in BNP

2 Ms. Shopie Zwartsenberg Wageningen University, MSc Effects of Bheri Babai Diversion multipurpose project on hydrochorous seed dispersal and riparian vegetation

3 Ms. Cassandra Vogel Wageningen University, MSc Comparing macro-invertebrate communities between two ecologically distinct rivers in BNP

4 Mr. Luuk Croijmans Wageningen University, MSc The effect of agricultural practices on lotic macro-incertebrate diversity and abundance in the Nepalese lowlands

5 Mr. Allert Smit Wageningen University, MSc Effect of predation risk on grazing behavior of ungulates in grazing lawns in a subtropical grassland ecosystem in BNP

6 Ms. Helena Guido Wageningen University, MSc The use of manmade grazing lawns in BNP

7 Ms. Gloria Corradini Wageningen University, MSc A study on the quality of forage in BNP

8 Ms. Zeynep Ulgezen Wageningen University, MSc Habitat selection and diet composition of ungulates in BNP

9 Mr. Reno van Hoof Wageningen University, MSc The foraging behavior and food resource preferences of deer on grazing lawns in BNP

10 Mr. Stefan Van den Wkker Wageningen University, MSc The movement and behavior of deer on grazing lawns, in relation to the landscape of fear in BNP

11 Ms. Suyashashree KC Kathmandu University, BSc Study on the effects of grassland management practices on soil quality of BNPMs. Neha Shrestha

Ms. Subeksha Tuladhar

12 Ms. Sandhaya Dhakal Tribhuvan University, BSc Distribution,density and activity pattern of leopard cat(prionailurus bengalensis) in banke-bardia complex,Nepal

13 Mr. Sagar Kadel Tribhuvan University, MSc Status and prey preference of common leopard (Panthera pardus) in Kamdi Corridor

14 Ms. Asmita Kushma Tribhuvan University, Hetauda Campus, B.Sc.

Human wildlife conflict in buffer zone area of Bardiya National Park

15 Mr. Puspa Deep Shrestha Pokhara University, Nepal Engineering College, M.Sc.

Wildlife vehicle accident (a dimension of human wildlife conflict) and its mitigation measures in Bardia National Park, Nepal

16 Ms. Richa Balayar Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Botany, M.Sc.

Scoping study of multipurpose energy yielding tree species in Bardia National Park buffer zone

17 Ms. Salu Basnet Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, M.Sc.

Species composition difference between grazing lawns and nearby tall grasslands in Bardia National Park

18 Mr. TeunVersluis Wageningen University and Research (WUR) - Resource Ecology Group (REG), Master degree

Capturing the use if grazing lawns by deer species in Bardia National Park, Nepal


qm=;+ gfd ljZjljBfno / l8u|L cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo

19 Mr. Sjoerd Raaijmakers Wageningen University and Research (WUR) - Resource Ecology Group (REG), Masterdegree

Estimating tiger prey densities in the Karnali floodplain area, Bardia National Park

20 Ms. Esther Leystra Utrecht University, Sustainable Development Track: International Development, M.Sc.

Coexistence between wildlife and humans: A study on the influence of Human-Wildlife Conflict on the attitudes of local communities

towards Community-Based Conservation around Bardia National Park, Nepal

21 Ms. Hanne Simkje Berghuis Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, Master degree

Save the Tiger! Save the Ground water? A first hydrological study in Bardia National Park, Nepal

22 Ms. Ewa Elwira Van Kooten Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, Master degree

Save the Tiger! Save the ground water? A first hydrological study in Bardia National Park, Nepal

23 Ms. Susanne Elizabeth Overdijk

Wageningen University, Master degree

Vigilance of the spotted deer (Axis axis) in Bardia National Park, Nepal

24 Ms. Janneke Laurine Toost Wageningen University, Master degree

Habitat requirements of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) prey in Bardia National Park, Nepal

25 Mr. Bastiaan Jan Willem Drost

Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

Exploring the ecological Niche of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), Chironomidae (Diptera) and Hudropsychide (Trichoptera) in different river systems in BNP, Nepal

26 Mr. Gerrit Jan Assink Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

The biotic and abiotic differences between Nepalese meltwater and rainwater rivers in BNP, Nepal

27 Mr. Luis Gomes Primo Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

Spatial activity patterns of tiger-prey population under a new monitoring setup, BNP

28 Ms. Maria Sousa Ribeiro Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

Activity patterns of deer populations in BNP

29 Ms. Anne Christina Johanna Bus

Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

Where to find Chital deer (Axis axis) over the seasons in Bardia National Park, Nepal

30 Ms. Leanne van Liempt Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands

Time budget of Chital deer (Axis axis) in National Park Bardia, Nepal

31 Mr. Florian Yvain Knappers Utrecht University, the Netherlands

Unsaturated zone hydrology of the grasslands in Bardia National Park, Nepal

32 Mr. Jitse Bijlmakers Utrecht University, the Netherlands

Environmental drivers of space-time dynamics of vegetation in Bardia and Chitwan National Parks, Nepal

33 Ms. Pratigya Bhusal Human Elephant Conflict in the buffer zone of Bardia National Park

34 Mr. Ashim Thapa Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal

Status and utilization of artificial waterholes by tiger and its prey base in Bardia National Park, Nepal


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• ;g\ !(*@ -@)#* ;fn_ – zfxL s0ff{nL jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L zfxL alb{of jGohGt' cf/If gfdf+s/0f ePsf] .

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• ;g\ !(** -@)$% ;fn d+l;/ @) ut]_ – zfxL alb{of jGohGt' cf/If æzfxL alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hÆ sf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff ePsf] .

• ;g\ !((^ -@)%@ ;fn_ – zfxL alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] jl/kl/ /x]sf] #@& ju{lsnf]ld6/ If]qnfO{ dWojtL{ If]qsf] ?kdf 3f]if0ff ePsf] .

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• lj= ;+= @)$^ – :j= dxf/fhlw/fh aL/]Gb| jL/ laqmd zfxb]jaf6 alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{ If]q lj:tf/sf nflu lgb]{zg .

• lj= ;+= @)$& – k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ b]lv pQ/sf] j}l/of, sf]xnk'/, afnfk'/nfO{ g]kfnu~h jg ljsf; sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug]{ / cf]e/Lsf] j:tL x6fpg] lg0f{o .

• lj= ;+= @)$& – k"j{ dxflgb]{zs 8f= tLy{dfg df:s]sf] g]t[Tjdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{ If]q lj:tf/ vfsf tof/ u/L /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefudf k|:t't .

• lj= ;+= @)%@ – ;+/If0fsdL{ s[i0fdfg >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{ If]q lj:tf/ ;DalGw k|ltj]bg k|:t't, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefuåf/f alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] If]q lj:tf/sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|:tfj k|:t't .

• lj= ;+= @)%% – k|fljlws 6f]nLn] h}ljs ljljwtf, ;fdflhs cj:yf, gLlt lgod / sfo{of]hgf k|:t't .

• lj= ;+= @)%& – tTsflng k|wfgdGqL lul/hf k|;fb sf]O/fnfaf6 k[YjLnfO{ pkxf/ elg 3f]if0ff ePsf] .

• lj= ;+= @)^^ – sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht klxnf] ljZj af3 ;Dd]ngdf tTsflng ;Ddfglgo k|wfgdGqL dfwj s'df/ g]kfn / tTsfnLg jg dGqL bLks af]x/f åf/f ljz]if u/L kf6] af3 / o;sf] cfxf/fhGo k|hflt Pj+ af;:yfg ;+/If0fsf nflu lj:tfl/t If]qnfO{ ;+/lIft If]q k|0ffnLdf ;dfj]z ug]{ k|ltj4tf .

• lj= ;+= @)^& – g]kfn ;/sf/, dGqLkl/ifbsf] a}7såf/f afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h 3f]if0ff .

• lj= ;+= @)^& c;f/ @* – g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L afFs] /fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]qsf] :yfkgf .

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• If]qkmn M %%) ju{ ls=ld .

• :tgwf/L k|hflt M #$ -& j6f ;+/lIft ;"rLdf /x]sf_ .

• kG5L k|hflt M #)) -Pp6f ;+/lIft ;"rLdf /x]sf]_ .

• 3;|g] k|hflt M @$ -@ j6f ;+/lIft ;"rLdf /x]sf_ .

• pePr/ M ( k|hflt

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• hg;+Vof M &)%!& -#$#^^ dlxnf, #^!%! k'?if_

• dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;d'x M && j6f

• dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf ;ldlt M ( j6f

• dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg ;ldlt M ! j6f

• lhNnf M # -afFs], bfª / ;Nofg_

• x:tfGt/0f ePsf dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jg M &$ -@)&%÷)&^_

• x:tfGt/0f ePsf] dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] If]qkmn M &(!@ x]S6/

• dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgaf6 nfeflGjt M !#)#@ 3/w'/L, ^*@@! hg;+Vof

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j]a M www.ntnc.org.np

km];a's M https://www.facebook.com/ntncbcp

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j]a M www.ntnc.org.np

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Documents

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