Johan 5 Famous Places

7/31/2019 Johan 5 Famous Places

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Johan Tysland

5 famous placesTaj Mahal

Great Wall of ChinaEiffel TowerGolden Gate

Sydney Opera House


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Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal represents thefinest and most sophisticatedexample of Mughalarchitecture. Its origins lie inthe moving circumstances of

its commission and the cultureand history of an IslamicMughal empire's rule of largeparts of India.

The distraught MughalEmperorShah Jahan

commissioned the mausoleumupon the death of his favouritewife, Mumtaz Mahal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mughal_emperorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Jahanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mughal_emperorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_architecture


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Taj Mahal

Today it is one of the mostfamous and recognisablebuildings in the world andwhile the white domedmarblemausoleum is the most familiar

part of the monument, the TajMahal is an extensive complexof buildings and gardens thatextends over22.44 Hectares[a] and includessubsidiary tombs, waterworks

infrastructure, the small townof 'Taj Ganji' and a 'moonlightgarden' to the north of theriver.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_and_architecture_of_the_Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_and_architecture_of_the_Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome


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Taj Mahal

Construction began in1632 CE, (1041 AH), onthe south bank of theRiver Yamuna in Agra,

India and was completedin 1648 CE (1058 AH).The design wasconceived as both anearthly replica of the

house of Mumtaz inparadise and aninstrument of propagandafor the emperor.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumtazhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_era


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Taj Mahal

Who designed the TajMahal is unclear;although it is known thata large team of designers

and craftsmen wereresponsible with Jahanhimself taking an activerole. Ustad Ahmad

Lahauri is considered themost likely candidate asthe principal designer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Ahmad_Lahaurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Ahmad_Lahaurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Ahmad_Lahaurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad_Ahmad_Lahauri


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Taj Mahal

Soon after the TajMahal's completion, ShahJahan was deposed byhis son Aurangzeb and

put under house arrest atnearby Agra Fort. UponShah Jahan's death,Aurangzeb buried him in

the Taj Mahal next to hiswife.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzebhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agra_Forthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb


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Taj Mahal

By the late 19th century, partsof the Taj Mahal had fallenbadly into disrepair. During thetime of the Indian rebellion of1857, the Taj Mahal wasdefaced by British soldiers and

government officials, whochiseled out precious stonesand lapis lazuli from its walls.At the end of 19th centuryBritishviceroyLord Curzonordered a massive restorationproject, which was completedin 1908. He alsocommissioned the large lampin the interior chamber,modeled after one in a Cairomosque.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_lazulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon%2C_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedlestonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Nathaniel_Curzon%2C_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedlestonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapis_lazulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rebellion_of_1857


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Taj Mahal

During this time the garden was remodeled with British-looking lawns that are visibletoday.

In 1942, the government erected a scaffolding in anticipation of an air attack byGerman Luftwaffe and later by Japanese Air Force. During the India-Pakistan wars of1965 and 1971, scaffoldings were again erected to mislead bomber pilots. Its recentthreats have come from environmental pollution on the banks of Yamuna Riverincluding acid rain due to the Mathura oil refinery, which was opposed by SupremeCourt of India directives. In 1983, the Taj Mahal was designated a UNESCOWorldHeritage Site.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-Pakistan_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-Pakistan_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-Pakistan_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-Pakistan_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftwaffe


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The Great Wall of China

The Chinese werealready familiar with thetechniques of wall-building by the time of theSpring and Autumn

Period, which beganaround the 8th centuryBC. During the WarringStates Period from the5th century BC to 221

BC, the states of Qi, Yanand Zhao all constructedextensive fortifications todefend their own borders.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_(state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warring_States_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall


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Built to withstand theattack of small armssuch as swords and

spears, these wallswere made mostly bystamping earth andgravel between board

frames.


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Qin Shi Huang conqueredall opposing states andunified China in 221 BC,establishing the Qin

Dynasty. Intending toimpose centralized ruleand prevent theresurgence of feudallords, he ordered the

destruction of the wallsections that divided hisempire along the formerstate borders.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang


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To protect the empireagainst intrusions by theXiongnu people from thenorth, he ordered thebuilding of a new wall to

connect the remainingfortifications along theempire's new northernfrontier. Transporting thelarge quantity of materials

required for constructionwas difficult, so buildersalways tried to use localresources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu


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Stones from themountains were usedover mountain ranges,while rammed earth was

used for construction inthe plains. There are no

surviving historicalrecords indicating the

exact length and courseof the Qin Dynasty walls.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammed_earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammed_earth


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Most of the ancient wallshave eroded away overthe centuries, and veryfew sections remain

today. Later, the Han, Sui,Northern and Jindynasties all repaired,rebuilt, or expanded

sections of the Great Wallat great cost to defendthemselves againstnorthern invaders.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Dynasty_(1115-1234)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Dynasty_(1115-1234)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynasty


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Unlike the earlier Qinfortifications, the Mingconstruction was strongerand more elaborate dueto the use of bricks and

stone instead of rammedearth. As Mongol raidscontinued periodicallyover the years, the Mingdevoted considerable

resources to repair andreinforce the walls.Sections near the Mingcapital of Beijing wereespecially strong.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick


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Eiffel Tower

Named after its designer,engineer Gustave Eiffel, theEiffel Tower is the tallestbuilding in Paris.[1] More than200,000,000 people have

visited the tower since itsconstruction in 1889,[2]including 6,719,200 in 2006,[3]making it the most visited paidmonument in the world.[4][5]Including the 24 m (79 ft)

antenna, the structure is324 m (1,063 ft) high (since2000), which is equivalent toabout 81 levels in aconventional building.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel


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Eiffel Tower

When the tower wascompleted in 1889 it was theworld's tallest tower a title itretained until 1930 when NewYork City's Chrysler Building

(319 m

1,047 ft tall) wascompleted.[6] The tower is nowthe fifth-tallest structure inFrance and the tallest structurein Paris, with the second-tallestbeing the Tour Montparnasse

(210 m

689 ft), although thatwill soon be surpassed by TourAXA (225.11 m 738.36 ft).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_Montparnassehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_AXAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_AXAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_AXAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_AXAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_Montparnassehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Buildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City


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Eiffel Tower

The metal structure of theEiffel Tower weighs7,300 tonnes while the entirestructure including non-metalcomponents is approximately

10,000 tonnes. Depending onthe ambient temperature, thetop of the tower may shift awayfrom the sun by up to 18 cm(7 in) because of thermalexpansion of the metal on the

side facing the sun. The toweralso sways 67 cm (23 in) inthe wind.[


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Eiffel Tower

As demonstration of theeconomy of design, if the 7300tonnes of the metal structurewere melted down it would fillthe 125 meter square base toa depth of only 6 cm (2.36 in),

assuming a density of themetal to be 7.8 tonnes percubic meter. The tower has amass less than the mass of theair contained in a cylinder ofthe same dimensions,[7] that is324 meters high and 88.3meters in radius. The weight ofthe tower is 10,100 tonnescompared to 10,265 tonnes ofair.


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Eiffel Tower

The first and second levels areaccessible by stairways andlifts. A ticket booth at the southtower base sells tickets toaccess the stairs which begin

at that location.

At the firstplatform the stairs continue upfrom the east tower and thethird level summit is onlyaccessible by lift. From the firstor second platform the stairs

are open for anyone to ascendor descend regardless ofwhether they have purchaseda lift ticket or stair ticket.


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Eiffel Tower

The actual count of stairsincludes 9 steps to the ticketbooth at the base, 328 steps tothe first level, 340 steps to thesecond level and 18 steps to

the lift platform on the secondlevel. When exiting the lift atthe third level there are15 more steps to ascend to theupper observation platform.The step count is printed

periodically on the side of thestairs to give an indication ofprogress of ascent.


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Golden Gate The Golden Gate is the

North Americanstraitconnecting San FranciscoBay to the Pacific Ocean.

Since 1937 it has beenspanned by the GoldenGate Bridge. Technically,the 'gate' is defined bythe headlands of the San

Francisco Peninsula andthe Marin Peninsula,while the 'strait' is thewater flowing in between.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Headlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Headlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America


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Golden Gate During the last Ice Age, when

sea level was several hundredfeet lower, the waters of theglacier-fed Sacramento Riverand the San Joaquin River

scoured a deep channelthrough the bedrock on theirway to the ocean.[1] The straitis well known today for itsdepth and powerful tidalcurrents from the Pacific

Ocean. Many small whirlpoolsand eddies can form in itswaters.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Age


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Golden Gate Before the arrival of

Europeans in theeighteenth century,

the area around thestrait and the bay wasinhabited by theOhlone people.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlone


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Golden Gate The Golden Gate is

often shrouded in fog.

During the summer,

the heat in theCalifornia CentralValley causes the airthere to rise.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Central_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Central_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Central_Valleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Central_Valley


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Golden Gate This can create

strong winds whichpull cool moist air in

from over the oceanthrough the break inthe hills caused bythe Golden Gate,

commonly causing astream of dense fogto enter the bay.


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Sydney Opera House

The Sydney OperaHouse is located inSydney, New SouthWales, Australia. It

was conceived andlargely built by Danisharchitect Jrn Utzon,who in 2003 received

the Pritzker Prize,architecture's highesthonour
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney


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Sydney Opera House

The Opera Housewas made aUNESCOWorldHeritage Site on 28June 2007.[2] It is oneof the world's mostdistinctive buildings,and one of the most

famous performingarts centres in theworld.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO


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Sydney Opera House

The Sydney OperaHouse is situated onBennelong Point inSydney Harbour, close to

the Sydney HarbourBridge. Contrary to the

implication of the name, ithouses a multi-venue

performing arts centre,rather than a singleOpera theatre.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennelong_Point,_New_South_Wales


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Sydney Opera House

As well as hosting many touring productions in a varietyof performance genres, the Sydney Opera House is amajor presenting venue for Opera Australia, TheAustralian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and theSydney Symphony. It is administered by the SydneyOpera House Trust, under the New South Wales Ministryof the Arts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian_Ballethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House_Trusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Symphonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian_Ballethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian_Ballethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Australia

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Johan 5 Famous Places