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8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
1/18
LEVEL OF AWARENESS IN FORMS AND EFFECTS OF SEXUAL
HARASSMENT OF SELECTED COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
STUDENTS ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
James e!"# R$ La T%&&e
Re#' Ja&"(s E$ )a*-(+
Ma&, Ja .$ As(+"**a
E*ea'a& C$ Um"/"
J(#"%& S$ L"m
)SE-SOCIAL STUDIES
D&$ Ma#% M$ (e#a#a#
As+&a4+5
The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of selected students of
Rizal Technological University – College of Education, Academic Year !"#!"$ a%out
their level of awareness in forms and effects of se&ual harassment'
This study utilized the (escriptive )ethod of research in order to determine the
perception of selected students on the forms and effects of se&ual harassment' The
*ormative +urvey method was also used to find out the normal typical condition of the
situation and the people'
The chi#suare test of relationship was used to determine the level of relationship
%etween the forms and effects of se&ual harassment and the selected varia%les- se&, age,
religion, year level and specialization'
The study focused on the population of students enrolled in "st
Year to .th
Year College of Education RTU#/oni Campus' )a0ority of the respondents were female,
ages "1#! years old, Roman Catholic, 2irst Year level and English ma0or'
The level of awareness of the respondents a%out se&ual harassment in terms of
forms of se&ual harassment is categorized as Aware' 3n the other hand, the level of
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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awareness of the respondents in terms of the effects of se&ual harassment is categorized
as Strongly Agree'+uggested preventive measures to avoid +e&ual 4arassment were the following-
avoid discussing pornographic5o%scene materials6 esta%lished demarcation line %etween
student and teacher5refrain from %eing too close to the professor6 don not accept any
favour from a professor6 report to the authorities if there are attempts of harassment6
refrain from wearing seductive clothing and gestures'Using the chi#suare test of relationship, it was found out that there is no
significant relationship %etween the level of awareness of the respondents on the forms
and effects of se&ual harassment and se&, age, religion, specialization and year level'
The study recommends that schools should include se&ual harassment as part of
the curriculum so that all students whether male or female %ecome aware on the different
forms, effects and ways to prevent +e&ual 4arassment' The school should also encourage
the participation of private sectors in giving seminars a%out se&ual harassment' The
parents should %e open to discuss this issue so that their children will %ecome aware on
what se&ual harassment is and what should they do if they e&perience such a%use' The
government should amend several provisions of the Repu%lic Act 7177 and Repu%lic Act
78"! in order to ma9e its scope wider and precise so that stiffer penalties meted out to the
offenders' The community should o%serve the role of everyone in order to lessen :if not
eliminate; the num%er of victims of se&ual a%use in their place' The %arangays should
conduct free seminars or outreach programs in their respective places in order for their
people to %ecome aware on the issues of se&ual harassment' The teachers should have
yearly seminars a%out the Code of Conduct for
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over another in a wor9 or training
or education environment, demands, reuests or otherwise reuires any se&ual favor from
the other, regardless of whether the demand, reuest or reuirement for su%mission is
accepted %y the o%0ect of said Act'= :Repu%lic Act 7177# Anti#+e&ual 4arassment >aw;
Se6 %77e#e& refers to a person convicted of a se&ual offense such as rape :se&ual
assault;, se&ual contact, or lewdness' :?ifis, !!$;
H%s+"*e E#!"&%#me#+ refers to intimidating, threatening or offensive ver%al or
physical conduct of a se&ual nature happened in employee@s wor9 environment or student
education'
(" .&% (% :this for that; refers to any unwelcome se&ual advances, reuests
for se&ual favor is made e&plicitly or implicitly in return for educational %enefits'
Cam/(s-&e*a+e Se6(a* Ha&assme#+ is committed when a person in an
academic community who, having authority, influence of moral ascendency over another
in an educational environment demands, reuest or otherwise reuires any se&ual favor
for the other, regardless of whether the demand, reuest or reuirement for su%mission is
accepta%le or not' :+ec' $ R'A' 7177;
I#+&%(4+"%#5
)a4,&%(# %7 +8e S+(
The natural5%iological origin of se&ual harassment is %ased on the good old
fashion idea of attraction %etween two people' )en are possessed with the %igger se&
drives which cause men to aggressively approach women with se&ual comments or
intentions' The %attle of the se&es is used in this e&le of the socio# cultural model'
omen in today@s society are %ecoming more wor9 force oriented creating more
opportunities and assertiveness for them to get 0o% and ta9e over companies' The pro%lem
with this is, some men see this very frustrating from which can cause anger, confusion,
miscommunication and misconduct' This miscommunication can cause men to use power
to harass the female on the 0o% :/randen%erg $7#.B, !!";'
The media and society reinforce the idea that men are dominant in our society'
ndirect this is em%edding serole stereotypes into children all over the world' +ome of
the things we see on the television sports heroes, and military leaders' t is said that men
are more aggressive and independent' omen are portrayed as passive and dependent in
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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children@s literature and television' The issue on parenting and what are our parents
teaching us and are not teaching us during adolescents' At a young age we see parents
warning their children a%out se&ual and aggressive activity, %ut not ta9ing a%out this
same type of issue with their %oys' t is seen as the girl 0o% to protect her, while %oys' t is
seen as the girls 0o% to protect her, while %oys let their emotions and %ehaviors come
naturally to them'
+chools, li9e the wor9 force, face many types of se&ual harassment' )any are not
the same, %ut are still considered se&ual harassment' t is said that teachers call on %oys
more, and give more attention to them' Then, again, %oys demand more attention %ecause
of their short attention span and a%ility to get in more trou%le' Teachers spend more time
with girls in reading classes and more with %oys in math classes' These types of issues
unfortunately are not ta9en seriously %y school districts' They see this issue of se&ual
harassment as D%oys will %e %oys= %ehaviour' Also classified under this, D%oys will %e
%oys= title are %oys ma9ing girls cry, %oys rating girls on appearance, and teasing girls
se&ually' n the real world these things are viewed as se&ual harassment'
hat ma9es it o9ay for %oys to do this e are sending a message to %oys that it
is o9ay to do these types of things in grade school, and then it carries up through college
and into the real world' f we thin9 a%out girls in school, they are losing valua%le
education in an unsafe environment' This environment is not conducive to learning' /y
doing this, %oys put girls in an inferior class which impacts their education :)orewitz,
B"#$F;' hat 9ind of policies and procedures should %e following to prevent this type
of %ehaviour +chools or any educational institution that receives federal funding must
present in some way se&ual harassment, se& discrimination and ensure a non#hostile
environment' The policies include addressing the right audience of faculty, teachers,
students and everyone involved in the educational process' Also, peer harassment, should
%e included' These areas should all %e well defined in the policy and tal9 a%out the
seriousness of the offense'
Unheard of until "B7!s, se&ual harassment has %ecome a dominant concern of
employers, schools, and other organizations throughout the country' t is one of the most
litigated areas of se&ual discrimination law, and virtually all ma0or companies,
government organizations, colleges, and universities and even the military now have
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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se&ual harassment policies in place' Even the president of the United +tates has %een
su%0ect to a se&ual harassment lawsuit'
The definition of se&ual harassment has always %een controversial' /lac9@s >aw
(ictionary defined it as GA type of employment discrimination consisting in ver%al or
physical a%use of a se&ual nature, Dand it has also %een held to e&ist in educational
situations' /ut %eyond this, there is the uestion of what 9ind of %ehavior translates into
se&ual harassment and what the relationship of the parties must %e for se&ual harassment
to occur'
These issues have %een fought over at the federal level for many years' Although
se&ual harassment law is still not clearly defined, there has emerged over the years a
consensus of the %asic outlines of what se&ual harassment is and what needs to %e done
%y companies and other groups to prevent it :www' Enotes'com5la%or#law#
reference5se&ual#harassment;'
S+a+eme#+ %7 +8e .&%*em
This study determines the perception of selected students of Rizal Technological
University#College of Education a%out their D>evel of Awareness in 2orms and Effects of
+e&ual 4arassment'= +pecifically, it see9s to answer the following uestions-
1 hat is the profile of the respondents according to-
1$1 +e&
1$2 Age
1$3 Religion
1$9+pecialization
1$: Year >evel
2 hat is the level of awareness of the respondents a%out +e&ual harassment in
terms of-
2$1 2orms of +e&ual 4arassment
2$2 Effects of +e&ual 4arassment
3 hat are the preventive measures can you suggest to avoid +e&ual 4arassment
9 s there a significant relationship %etween the >evel of awareness of the
respondents on the su%0ect and the selected varia%les
O;e4+"!e
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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This study aims to increase the level of awareness of all students, parents,
administrators, teachers and the community a%out the forms and effects of se&ual
harassment and also, how to deal with it'
S4%/e a# De*"m"+a+"%# %7 +8e S+(
The study was limited to the selected students of College of Education, Rizal
Technological University for the +chool Year !"#!"$' t is confined in the students@
level of awareness a%out se&ual harassment' The students@ level of awareness was %ased
on their perception and understanding a%out se&ual harassment' t focused on the
relationship of their perception when grouped according to se&, age, religion, ma0or and
year level' All the students of the Rizal Technological University#College of Education
during the Academic Year !"#!"$ were used as respondents'
Me+8%%*%
Resea&48 Me+8% Use
This study utilized the descriptive method of research in order to determine the
perception of selected students of Rizal Technological University#College of Education
a%out their D>evel of Awareness in 2orms and Effects +e&ual 4arassment'= The
researcher %elieves that this is the most appropriate method to use in this particular study'
(escriptive method is a general procedure, which descri%es the nature of a situation as it
e&ists at the time of the study and e&plores the course of a particular phenomenon
:Tavers, "B71;' This method is used to discover facts on which 0udgment could %e %ased'
t is used in different fields of study %ecause of its applica%ility to solve varied 9inds of
pro%lem'
+pecifically, the normative survey was employed' This survey was conducted to
find out the normal typical condition of the situation and people' This is also used to
gather all the information from place to place or from group to group :Rivera, "BBB;'
.%/(*a+"%# F&ame a# Sam/*"# S48eme
The study focused on the population of students enrolled in "st Year to .thYear in
the College of Education RTU#/oni Campus' 3ut of ",!8B students, only B" were
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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selected as respondents and this was determined through +lovin@s formula nH *5"I* :
; and stratified sampling'
+tratified sampling was used %ecause the respondents were classified %y year
level, age, se&, religion, and ma0or'
Des4&"/+"%# %7 +8e Res/%#e#+s
The respondents were the students enrolled in the College of Education, +chool
Year !"#!"$' They were descri%ed according to se&, age, religion, specialization, and
year level'
Ta%le " shows the profile of the respondents according to se&, age, religion,specialization, and year level' As gleaned from the ta%le, "1 of the B" respondents were
female while 7$ were male' The ta%le also shows that ran9 num%er one is the age group
"1#! with ".B respondents' This is followed %y age group "F#"7'
The ta%le also reveals the religion of the respondents' (ominant were the Roman
Catholics which are represented %y $ respondents followed %y /orn Again'
Ta%le "
.&%7"*e %7 +8e Res/%#e#+s
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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Religion
Roman Catholic $ 78'8!
glesia ni Jristo "$ .'F!
/orn Again .! "$'7!
/aptist 8 '"!
3thers B $'"!Total B" "!!'!!
Year >evel
2irst Year B" $"'$!
+econd year 7B 7'"!
Third year F1 "B'B!
2ourth year 8$ "'8!
Total B" "!!'!!
+pecialization
Computer Education F" "7'F!
English 77 8'F! 2ilipino .B "8'1!
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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here-
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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c H column
To determine the level of awareness of the respondents the following scale was
used-
S4a*e Des4&"/+"!e I#+e&/&e+a+"%#.'! # F'!! 2ully Aware5+trongly Agree
$'.! # .'"B Aware5Agree
'8! # $'$B Uncertain5*eutral"'1! – 'FB Unaware5(isagree
"'!! – "'7B 2ully Unaware5+trongly (isagree
Da+a Ga+8e&"# .&%4e(&e
The researchers wrote a letter addressed to the (ean of RTU#College of Education
reuesting permission to conduct survey among the CE( students' Upon approval %y the
(ean, the uestionnaires were then distri%uted to the student#respondents'
The student#respondents were instructed to follow specific steps in the
accomplishment of the uestionnaire and personal data sheet' They were given ample
time to answer the uestionnaire' The uestionnaires were then collected immediately
after the respondents finished answering them' After retrieval, ta%ulation and analyses of
the data gathered follows'
DISCUSSION
L"+e&a+(&e
n the past decades, se&ual harassment has %een a hot topic in our country'
4owever, despite e&periences such crime,
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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wor9place are encouraged to formulate necessary actions to reduce the vulnera%ility for
prevention, preparedness and response of the students and la%orers in this inhumane act'
The prevention to the increasing num%er of se&ual harassment cases reuires an
involvement and implementation of uniform rules from different sectors of the
government' )ost especially, the coordination of the (epartment of Education,
Commission on 4igher Education and (epartment of >a%or and Employment in the
*ational Capital Region and the *ational ?overnment involvement as sphere head of the
governments is essential'
These conclusions suggest that proper information drive may lessen and ma9e all
the people aware a%out the possi%le causes, effects and prevention on se&ual harassment'
S(mma& %7 F"#"#s
" The level of awareness of selected College of Education students on the forms of
se&ual harassment is Aware. ?iven the highest rating is Unnecessary and
unwanted touching, patting, hugging or %rushing against a person@s clothing or
%ody with an average mean of .'"!' This was followed %y (irect or indirect
promises of academic or wor9 %enefits, such as high grades, promotions or
recommendation, in return for se&ual favour and Remar9s of a se&ual nature
a%out a person@s clothing or %ody with a mean of .'!"6 Lo9es, lewd suggestions,
whistling, foul language, leering and o%scene gestures with a mean of $'B76
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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a%out a person@s private or se& life, e&plicit se&ual suggestions in return for
Dreward= with an average mean of $'F8'3n the other hand, the level of awareness of selected College of Education
students on the effects of se&ual harassment is Strongly Agree. n this result,
ma0ority of the respondents were strongly agree that the Kictim has pho%ia or fear
of the incident having a weighted mean of .'.B6 Kictim@s loss of interest in
studying i'e' tardiness, a%sences and dismissal with a mean of .'$16 The victim
has insecurities %ecause of pu%lic criticism with a mean of .'$$6 The victim has
depression with a mean of .'$' hile, they were agree that The victim %ecome
insane with a mean of $'B$6 %oth The victim has self#%lame and The victim has
distressing memories of the event with a mean of $'B!' 3n the prevention of +e&ual 4arassment, the study revealed that the ma0ority of
the respondents Strongly Agree on students should not give provocative and
seductive gestures so as not to %e harassed as shown %y the weighted mean of
.'7!, while refrain from discussing pornographic5o%scene material got the lowest
mean of .'F'$ There is no significant relationship %etween level of awareness on forms and
effects of se&ual harassment and se& since the computed value of "'1" and '"8
are lower than the ta%ular value of B'.B at '!F level of significance with . degrees
of freedom'
There is no significant relationship %etween level of awareness on forms and
effects of se&ual harassment and age since the computed value of 8'!B and .'B7
are lower than the ta%ular value of "'!$ at '!F level of significance with "
degrees of freedom' 2urthermore, there is no significant relationship %etween
level of awareness on forms and effects of se&ual harassment and religion since
the computed value of '"F and $'B7 are lower than the ta%ular value of 8'$! at '
!F level of significance with "8 degrees of freedom'
As to forms and effects of se&ual harassment and year level, there no
significant relationship since the computed value of "!' and .'$" are lower than
the ta%ular value of 8'$! at '!F level of significance with "8 degrees of freedom'
>astly, there is no significant relationship %etween level of awareness on forms
and effects of se&ual harassment and specialization since the computed value of
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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B'! and F'.1 are lower than the ta%ular value of $"'." at '!F level of
significance with ! degrees of freedom'
C%#4*(s"%#s
/ased on the a%ove findings, the following conclusions are presented according to the
seuence made in the statement of the pro%lems-
" The level of awareness of the respondents a%out +e&ual 4arassment in terms of
2orms of +e&ual 4arassment is categorized as Aware' hile the level of
awareness of the respondents a%out +e&ual 4arassment in terms of Effects of
+e&ual 4arassment is categorized as Strongly Agree'
+uggested preventive measures to avoid +e&ual 4arassment were the following-
avoid discussing pornographic5o%scene materials6 esta%lished demarcation line %etween student and teacher5refrain from %eing too close to the professor6 don not
accept any favour from a professor6 report to the authorities if there are attempts
of harassment6 refrain from wearing seductive clothing and gestures'
$ There is no significant relationship %etween the level of awareness of the
respondents on +e&ual 4arassment and se&, age, religion, specialization, and year
level'
Re4%mme#a+"%#s
n the light of the findings and conclusions, it is recommended that
" +chools should include se&ual harassment as part of the curriculum so that all
students whether male or female %ecome aware on the different forms, effects
and ways to prevent se&ual harassment'
The school should also encourage the participation of private sectors in giving
seminars a%out se&ual harassment'
$ The parents should %e open to discuss this issue so that their children will
%ecome aware on what se&ual harassment is and what should they do if they
e&perience such a%use'
. The government should amend several provision of the Repu%lic Act 7177 and
Repu%lic Act 78"! in order to ma9e its scope wider and precise so that stiffer
penalties meted out to the offenders'
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
14/18
F The community should o%serve the role of everyone in order to lessen :if not
eliminate; the num%er of victims of se&ual a%use in their place'8 The %arangays should conduct free seminars or outreach programs in their
respective places in order for their people to %ecome aware on the issues of
se&ual harassment'7 The teachers should have yearly seminars a%out the Code of Conduct for
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
15/18
Ruth, +heila :"BB1;' DTwo Observations on Sexual arassment = ssues in 2eminism,
An ntroduction to omen@s +tudies, p' $7$#$78Random 4ouse e%ster@s
>egal (ictionary' *ew 3rleans@s pu%lishing 4ouse' "BB8
+teven 4' ?ifis :!!$;, /arron@s >aw (ictionary' *ew 3rleans- *ew 3rleans@s
pu%lishing 4ouse
+ocial
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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/uenvia0e, Atty' Angelo (' :!!!; The Anatomy of +e&ual 4arassment, City >ife-
Kol' K *o' $" p' $!
(ela Rosa, Roland K' :!!$ Luly;, +e&ual 4arassment, )anila /ulletin- p' ""
?arcia, Angelica :!F )ay B;' +cholasticans age /attle vs' +e&ual 4arassment'
)anila /ulletin- p' C#F
(EC+ Administrative 3rder *o' !!#F, Revised mplementing Rules and
Regulations on +e&ual 4arassment Act of "BBF :!!;
(E*R Administrative 3rder *o' !!#F, Amending Revised mplementing Rules
and Regulations on the Anti#+e&ual 4arassment Act of "BBF
2ortuno, Atty' /ernie +' :!!! )arch "F;, DSexual arassment! "ore #eal Than $e
Care To Admit= 3)A*+ T3(AY- p' "7#"1
?uie%#(emetillo, )arilou :"BBB +ept' 7; Campus +e&ual, )r and )s- p' "#"$
gnacio, Angela K' :!!F; D
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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+amonte, Elena >' :"BBF;' D+e&ual 4arassment- (efinitions and ?ender (ifferences
in
8/19/2019 Journal of the Thesis About Sexual Harassment 2012-2013
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www'eeoc'gov5types5harassment'html :Retrieved (ecem%er !"";
www'eualrights#org5pu%lications5chool'asp :Retrieved (ecem%er !"";
4onolulu'hawai'edu5policies5harassment'html :Retrieved 2e%ruary !";
www'0o%sd%'com'my'5se&ual#harassmentQ8'html :Retrieved Luly !";
>aw'0ustia'com5California5code5"F#$"'Fhtml :Retrieved August !";
www'>awphil'net :Retrieved August !";
www'unica'edu'au5policies5corporate5'asp :Retrieved +eptem%er !";
www'Kanmechlen'net5)icrosoft59inds'html :Retrieved +eptem%er !"";