july 2012 indian blackout

7/28/2019 july 2012 indian blackout

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Power Grid failure: a reasonbehind blackout

Er. Ishu SethiPast: Uiet, Panjab university, chandigarh

[email protected]


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July 30 , 0233 hrs. IST

Power outage in NorthernIndia

8 states plunged into darkness


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July 31 , 1302 hrs. IST

Power outage in Northern , Eastern & North eastern India

Nearly half of India's population affected

22 out of 28 states in India, without power


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Reasons behind the failure

Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh,Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota

Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission linePeople

Low water level in Bakhra Dam

Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop


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Suspected Reasons


Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line


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Power overdrawl (July 30 0200 hrs.)

State % Over drawl

Punjab 11.87

Haryana 21.03

UP 12.94

www.powermin.nic.inwww.cercind.gov.in


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Power drawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)

State Schedule(MW)

Actual(MW)

OD (+) / UD (-)(MW)

Punjab 4769 5092 323

Rajasthan 1717 1379 -338

Haryana 2586 3103 517

Delhi 2987 2715 -272

Uttarakhand 475 636 161

HP 88 -93 -181

UP 5475 6331 856

JK 683 -1 -683

Chandigarh 295 234 -61www.cercind.gov.in


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Power overdrawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)

State % Over drawl

Punjab 6.77

Haryana 19.99

UP 15.63


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Violating grid discipline and overdrawingmay be regular phenomenon

Preventive measure

Isolate some lines.

Borrow power from other Grids


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Borrow power fromother grids


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Antecedent conditions (30 July)

www.cercind.gov.in


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Overloading of Gwalior-Agra

transmission line

line overloading. (limit-691 MW, powerflowed- 1400 MW

Preventive action

Divert load to available parallel lines.


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How the Grid FailedSecond circuit of Bina-Gwalior-Agra line isclosed since July 28 for

up gradation to 765 kVlevel

* The closure of this ckt. At a timewhen demand is high was themistake done by powergrid

1. Line tripping's initially dueto load encroachment and

then due to power swings

3. Not enough loadshedding seen. Once the

freq. fell below 47.5 Hz , itled to automatic tripping

of generators, ultimatelywhole grid collapsed

2.Huge gap b/wdemand and supply

once the NR gird gotseparated from WR and

ER grid.


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Power Swing

For large disturbances, Angular separation betweengenerators goes on increasing.

Wrong operation of distance relay, undesired tripping oftransmission lines , leading to cascading outages.


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Angular separation

www.cercind.gov.in


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Frequency profile (30 July)

www.cercind.gov.in


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Non operation of Under freq. relays

Northern Region has 10000 MW loadshedding envisaged through Under

frequency relays, df/dt relays.

Rapid frequency decline shows nonoperation of UFL

Matter of serious concern


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Both states, Power Grid to be blamedfor blackout

States overdraw power beyond theirscheduled quota.

Power Grid ordered closure of secondcircuit of Agra Gwalior line.

Up gradation should have been doneduring the lean season and not when

power demand is at its peak


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Excessive Overdrawing

Overloading

Power Swing

Grid Collapse

What welearnt


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Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl

(5 feb, 2013)

31 main transmission lines tripped due to high voltage.

demand dipped from 29,000 MW to 18,000 MW

www.hindustantimes.com


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Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl

(5 feb, 2013)

grid frequency reached 50.67 Hz at 0300 hrs.

Ironically, states such as UP, Punjab and Haryana, wereagain to be blamed for the high voltage

www.hindustantimes.com


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What could be done

Strict action must be taken against stateswhich disobey the GRID discipline.

Replace traditional distance relay withModern distance relays.


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SMART GRID

Convergence of Information Technology (IT),communication technology and electrical infrastructure

Gather information about behaviors of suppliers andconsumers, in an automated fashion

SMART METERS- variable billing Improved efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the

production and distribution of electricity


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Thank you !

A presentation by Ishu Sethi

[email protected]

[email protected]

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july 2012 indian blackout