CLASSIFICATIONK

• Kingdom

P• Phylum

C• Class

O• Order

F• Family

G• Genus

S• Species

Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

Moneran•Bacteria•Prokaryotic•No nucleus•Have cell wall•Unicellular•Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic

Protist•Protozoans, algae•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus• Some have cell wall

•Mainly unicellular•Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic

Fungi•Mushroom, yeast•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•Have cell wall•Mainly multicellular

•heterotrophic

Plant•Moss, fern, trees, flowers

•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•Have cell wall•All multicellular•autotrophic

Animal•Sponge, annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals

•Eukaryotic•Have nucleus•No cell wall•All multicellular•heterotrophic

Dichotomous key• Always begin with #1• Follow directions using choices given• What shape is “Gina”?• Equilateral triangle

Types of Plants

Bryophytes•Non-vascular•No xylem or phloem

•Examples are mosses•They are small•Have to be near water•No pollen, seeds, flowers, or fruits

Gymnosperms•Vascular•Xylem to move water•Phloem to move food

•Examples are conifers•Have pollen (sperm)•Have seeds on cones•No fruits or flowers

Angiosperms•Vascular•Xylem to move water•Phloem to move food

•Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses

•Have pollen (sperm)•Have seeds in fruits•Have flowers

PLANT ADAPTATIONSROOT, STEM, LEAF FLOWERS AND FRUITS

Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairs

Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and green

Stems move water with xylem

Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators

Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals

When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary

The ovary becomes the fruit Fruit surrounds and protects

seed Fruit also helps get baby plants

in seeds away from parent plant

TYPES OF ANIMALS

Annelids•Segmented worms•No backbone•“breathe” through skin

•Closed circulatory system

•External fertilization

•External development

Insects•No backbome•Three body segments

•Six legs•Wings•Open circulatory system

•External fertilization•Females may store sperm

•External development

•metamorphosis

Amphibians•Have backbone•Moist skin•Gills when young, lungs when adult

•Three chambered heart

•Cold-blooded•External fertilization

•External development

•Metamorphosils•Jelly like egg

Mammals•Backbone•Hair•Milk glands•Lungs•Four chambered heart

•Warm-blooded•Internal fertilization

•Internal development

•Amniote egg

Disease causing virusesVIRUS STRUCTURE VIRAL REPRODUCTION A virus is not made

of cells It is nucleic acid

(DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (Capsid)

• Virus can’t reproduce unless it is inside a living cell

• The virus uses the cells enzymes and ribosomes to make DNA and protein

• New viruses either bud off of the cell or the cell bursts, releasing lots of viruses

BACTERIA vs VIRUSESBACTERIA VIRUS

• Made of cells• Can be killed by

antibiotics• Examples of disease

caused by bacteria is strep throat

• Not made of cells• MUCH SMALLER THAN CELLS• Can’t be killed by antibiotics• Example of diseases caused

by viruses are AIDS (HIV), Smallpox, Influenza

Internal and external factors in disease

Malaria

Mosquitoes transmit malaria

Individuals who have the sickle

cell trait (heterozygous)

aren’t as affected as

homozygous individuals

PKU

Individuals who have PKU can’t

break down phenylalanine

If it builds up it can cause

mental retardation

Keep individuals withPKU on a diet,

they don’t have brain damage

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is uncontrolled

growth of cells in the lungs

Individuals who smoke are

more likely to get lung cancer

Diabetes

Diabetes results from

when the pancreas fails

to make enough insulin

Individuals who are overweight and who don’t exercise seem

to be more affected

Skin Cancer

Light skinned people don’t

have the natural melanin

protection of darker skinned

people

Overexposure to sunlight can

trigger the changes that lead to skin

cancer

IMMUNITYB-cells

• White blood cell

• Make antibodies

T- helper cells

• White blood cell

• Help coordinate immune response

T-killer cells

• White blood cell

• Kill virus infected cell

PASSIVE vs. ACTIVE immunity

PASSIVE IMMUNITY ACTIVE IMMUNITY• Person does NOT

make memory cells or antibodies

• Antibodies only are transferred

• Doesn’t provide long-term protection

• Natural: from breastfeeding

• Artificial: Rabies “shot”

• Person DOES make antibodies AND memory cells

• Provides long term immunity

• Natural: you have disease

• Artificial – you get a VACCINATION