Public

Business Unit Pigments

Clariant PigmentsWARPAGE

Warpage and Shrinkage

Unexpected shrinkage and warpage may be caused by organic pigments.

The right pigment selection can prevent those effects and customer complaints.

SHRINKAGE = geometric reduction in the size of a part.

The part becomes smaller.

WARPAGE (DISTORTION) = results when “shrinkage” is not uniform.

The part becomes deformed.

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Shrinkage

Geometric reduction

in the size of a part

The part becomes

smaller.

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6060

2,5

l

b

vertical

horizontal

Shrinkage

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Examples for rotational symmetric applications

Rotational moulded casesPipes

Caps/ Closures

Warpage

During injection molding process of HDPE, organic pigments have an influence on crystallization behavior of the polymer.

A number of studies have shown that pigments can affect both: the size of the crystallites and the rate of crystallization

by acting as nucleating agents.

In result organic pigments induce crystallization at higher temperatures than expected.

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Warpage

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Warpage test method

– In the first step 10 HDPE injection molding plates with a size of 60 x 60 mm are produced.In the second step 10 HDPE plates the same size colored with 0.1% organic pigment are made up.

– Processing temperature depending on the pigment stability is 220 °C and 280 °C.

– With a special device the vertical and horizontal length of each plate is measured.

Result is given as:

Difference of the vertical and horizontal change between test plates in natural HDPE and those ones colored with 0.1% pigment is calculated and a warpage category is assigned.

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Hostalen GC 726010 Test plates

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PV Fast® Red HGR10 Test plates

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Special device for measurement

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Warpage category assessment

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% FV = x 100( % Svertical - % Shorizontal )

% Shorizontal

FV = Shrinkage % Slength = Vertical shrinkage in %

vs. natural material% Swidth = Horizontal shrinkage in % vs. natural material

Warpage class 1: FV = 0 - 10 % excellentWarpage class 2: FV = 10 - 20 % suitable, pretests are necessary Warpage class 3: FV = > 20 % unsuitable

Warpage

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60

60

2,5

l

b

vertical

horizontal

If the vertical shrinkage is

higher than the horizontal

shrinkage, the warpage

result has a positive sign.

Warpage Horizontal (%) Vertical (%) Total (%)

PV Fast Red HGR 2,90 3,03 1,10

Warpage

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60

60

2,5

l

b

vertical

horizontal

If the horizontal shrinkage is

higher than the vertical

shrinkage, the warpage

result has a negative sign.

Warpage Horizontal (%) Vertical (%) Total (%)

PV Fast Yellow H9G 2,87 2,84 - 2,24

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Examples for critical applications

Warpage

• Bottle crates• Pallets• Containers• Boxes• Trays

Clariant’s low warping pigments range

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Pigment Color Index Warpage classPV Fast Yellow H9G P.Y.214 2

PV Fast Yellow H4G P.Y.151 2

PV Fast Yellow H2G P.Y.120 1

PV Fast Yellow HG/ HG 01 P.Y.180 1

PV Fast Yellow H2GR P.Y.191 1

PV Fast Yellow HGR P.Y.191 1

Graphtol Yellow H2R P.Y.139 2

PV Fast Yellow H3R P.Y.181 1

PV Fast Orange H4GL 01 P.O.72 1

PV Fast Orange H2GL P.O.64 2

PV Fast Orange 6RL P.O.68 1

Graphtol Red HFG P.O.38 2

PV Fast Red HGR P.R.285 1

Graphtol Red LG P.R.53:1 2

Clariant’s low warping pigments range

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Pigment Color Index Warpage classGraphtol Red F3RK 70 P.R.170 2

PV Fast Red HB P.R.247 1

Graphtol Fire Red 3RLP P.R.48:3 1

Graphtol Red F5RK P.R.170 2

Graphtol Red P2B P.R.48:2 1

PV Fast Red HF4B P.R.187 1

Graphtol Carmine HF4C P.R.185 1

PV Fast Red E4G P.V.19 1

Graphtol Carmine HF3C P.R.176 1

PV Fast Red E3B P.V.19 2

PV Fast Red E5B P.V.19 2

PV Fast Pink E P.R.122 1

PV Fast Pink E 01 P.R.122 1

PV Fast Violet ER P.V.19 2

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Clariant Disclaimer

This information corresponds to the present state of our knowledge and is intended as a general description of our products and their possible applications. Clariant makes no warranties, express or implied, as to the information’s accuracy, adequacy, sufficiency or freedom from defect and assumes no liability in connection with any use of this information. Any user of this product is responsible for determining the suitability of Clariant's products for its particular application. Nothing included in this information waives any of Clariant’s General Terms and Conditions of Sale, which٭control unless it agrees otherwise in writing. Any existing intellectual/industrial property rights must be observed. Due to possible changes in our products and applicable national and international regulations and laws, the status of our products could change. Material Safety Data Sheets providing safety precautions, that should be observed when handling or storing Clariant products, are available upon request and are provided in compliance with applicable law. You should obtain and review the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet information before handling any of these products. For additional information, please contact Clariant.

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9/2010

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