Kalpana Chawla.docx

8/9/2019 Kalpana Chawla.docx

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Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla(March 17, 1962[2][a] February 1, 2003) was born in Karnal, n!ia" #he was $he %irs$ n!ian&

'ericanas$ronau$[3]an! %irs$ n!ian woan in sace"[*]#he %irs$ %lew on #ace #hu$$le+olubia in 1997 as a

ission secialis$ an! riary robo$ic aroera$or" n 2003, +hawla was one o% $he seen crew ebers

-ille! in $he #ace #hu$$le +olubia !isas$er"[.]

Early life

Kalana +hawla was born in Karnal, n!ia" #he cole$e! her earlier schoolin/ a$ a/ore aal i-e$an #enior#econ!ary #chool, Karnal an! cole$e! her achelor o% n/ineerin/!e/ree in 'eronau$ical n/ineerin/a$

4un5ab n/ineerin/ +olle/ea$+han!i/arhin 192" #he oe! $o $he ni$e! #$a$es in 192 where she

ob$aine! a Mas$er o% #cience !e/ree in aerosace en/ineerin/ %ro $he niersi$y o% e8as a$ 'rlin/$onin

19*"[6]e$erine! $o becoe an as$ronau$ een in $he %ace o% $he+hallen/er !isas$er, +hawla wen$ on $o earn

a secon! Mas$ers in 196 an! a 4h [7]in aerosace en/ineerin/ in 19 %ro $he niersi$y o% +olora!o a$

oul!er"[]

Career

n 19, she be/an wor-in/ a$ $he '#''es :esearch +en$eras ;ice 4resi!en$ o%


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sacewal- byCins$on #co$$an! a-ao oi$o ca$ure $he sa$elli$e" ' %ie&on$h '#' ines$i/a$ion %ully

e8onera$e! +hawla by i!en$i%yin/ errors in so%$ware in$er%aces an! $he !e%ine! roce!ures o% %li/h$ crew an!

/roun! con$rol"

'%$er $he cole$ion o%##&7os$&%li/h$ ac$ii$ies, +hawla was assi/ne! $o $echnical osi$ions in $he

as$ronau$ o%%ice $o wor- on $he sace s$a$ion, her er%orance in which was reco/ni?e! wi$h a secial awar!

%ro her eers"

n 2000 she was selec$e! %or her secon! %li/h$ as ar$ o% $he crew o% ##&107" his ission was reea$e!ly!elaye! !ue $o sche!ulin/ con%lic$s an! $echnical robles such as $he Duly 2002 !iscoery o% crac-s in $he

shu$$le en/ine %low liners"


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n 192, he was chosen $o $rain %or sace%li/h$ in $he #oie$ nionEs n$ercososro/ra" Malho$ra sere! as

bac-u %or :a-esh #haraon $he #oyu? &11ission which launche! $he %irs$ n!ian ci$i?en in$o sace, bu$

un%or$una$ely hisel% neer wen$ $o sace" Malho$ra was awar!e! $he Kir$i +ha-rain 19*"

Malho$ra is $he +o&Foun!er H +hie% Men$or o% $he aerosace !iision o% ynaa$ic echnolo/ies"

ac-/roun!I 'ir +!r" :aish Malho$ra seres as $he +hie% Men$or o% ynaa$ic&


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Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, Hero of the Soviet Union, (born !"an#ary $%$& is a former 'ndian Air or)etest *ilot +ho e+ aboard Soy#- ./as *art of the 'nter)osmos*rograme0 Sharma +as the 1rst 'ndianto travel in

s*a)e023243

5ife

:a-esh #hara was a $es$ ilo$ in $he 'F" :a-esh swi%$ly ro/resse! $hrou/h any leels an! in 19* he was

aoin$e! as $he #Jua!ron >ea!er an! ilo$ o% $he n!ian 'ir Force"[3]Be was selec$e! on 20 #e$eber 192

$o becoe a cosonau$ an! /o in$o sace as ar$ o% a 5oin$ ro/rae be$ween $he n!ian #ace :esearch

i/h$ +oba$ 'ircra%$ e5as" Be lies a$ +oonoor

wi$h his wi%e Ma!hu #hara"[*]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Chakra_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercosmoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firsts_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercosmoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saare_Jahan_Se_Achchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saare_Jahan_Se_Achchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_Tejashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coonoorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Chakra_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercosmoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firsts_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercosmoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_T-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saare_Jahan_Se_Achchahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_Tejashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coonoorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4


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A+ards

Be was con%erre! wi$h $he honour o% Bero o% #oie$ nionuon his re$urn %ro sace" he oernen$ o%

n!ia con%erre! i$s hi/hes$ /allan$ry awar! (!urin/ eace $ie), $he 'sho-a +ha-raon hi an! $he o$her $wo

#oie$ ebers o% his ission, Malyshe an! #$re-alo"[*]

S#nita Williams

Sunita Lyn@Suni@ WilliamsnLe Pandya[1](born #e$eber 19, 196.) is an 'erican %orer as$ronau$an!

ni$e! #$a$es ayo%%icer" #he hol!s $he recor!s %or lon/es$ sin/le sace %li/h$ by a woan(19. !ays),[2]$o$al

sacewal-sby a woan (seen), an! os$ sacewal- $ie %or a woan (.0 hours, *0 inu$es)" [3][*]

Cillias was assi/ne! $o $he n$erna$ional #ace #$a$ionas a eber o%8e!i$ion 1*an!8e!i$ion 1."n

2012, she sere! as a %li/h$ en/ineeron8e!i$ion 32an! $hen coan!er o% 8e!i$ion 33"

An)estry and early life

#uni$a Cillias was born in ucli!, eOe, ii/ra$e! $o

'erica as an eleen year ol! /irl wi$h her o$her, an 191#loene ei/ran$rsula ohinc nLe #$ra5har"[.][6]

Cillias /ra!ua$e! %roee!ha Bi/h #choolinee!ha, Massachuse$$s, in 193" #he receie! a achelor

o% #cience!e/ree in 4hysical science%ro $he ni$e! #$a$es aal 'ca!eyin 197, an! a Mas$er o% #cience

!e/ree in n/ineerin/ Mana/een$ %roFlori!a ns$i$u$e o% echnolo/yin 199."[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records#Longest_single_flight_by_womanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-bio1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-bio1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-EVArec-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Malik-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepak_Pandyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepak_Pandyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhulasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehsanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehsanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%A1e,_Tr%C5%BEi%C4%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenes#Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenes#Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Ancestry_Slovenia-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Ancestry_Slovenia-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Ancestry_India-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needham_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needham,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-bio1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Soviet_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka_Chakra_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Sharma#cite_note-hin-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronauthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spaceflight_records#Longest_single_flight_by_womanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-bio1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewalkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-EVArec-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Malik-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_engineerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedition_33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepak_Pandyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhulasanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehsanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%A1e,_Tr%C5%BEi%C4%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenes#Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Ancestry_Slovenia-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-Ancestry_India-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needham_High_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needham,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Institute_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams#cite_note-bio1-2


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Military )areer

Cillias was coissione! an ensi/n in $he ni$e! #$a$es ay in May 197" '%$er a si8&on$h $eorary

assi/nen$ a$ $he aal +oas$al #ys$e +oan!, she was !esi/na$e! a asic iin/ a$er, she was assi/ne! as

$he sJua!ron #a%e$y

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Kalpana Chawla.docx