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Kannada alphabet
Vowels
Hear a recording of these letters by ����� (Chethan)
Consonants
A selection of conjunct consonants
Numerals
Sample text in Kannada
'Kannada' is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. Kannada is one of the official languages of India and is the state official language of the state of Karnataka.
Kannada language has been spoken for about 2000 years, with the Kannada writing system being in use for about the last 1500 years.
There is also a sharp distinction between the spoken and written forms of Kannada. Spoken Kannada tends to vary from region to region. The written form is more or less constant throughout Karnataka, however. The ethnologueidentifies about 20 dialects of Kannada.
Geographic distribution
Kannada is mainly spoken in Karnataka in India, and to a lesser extent in the neighboring states. There are significant Kannada speaking populations in the United States and the UK.
Early History
Perhaps being the oldest language next to Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Tamil, Kannada language has a rich heritage. 'Kavirajamarga' ( ) of king Nripatunga (9th century A.D.) is believed to be the earliest literary work in Kannada. It is a treatise on poetics or a guide to poets indicating that Kannada was a fully developed literary language when Kavirajamarga (cu-ve-raa-ja-maarga) was composed. It refers to earlier linguists and poets whose works are not forthcoming. But from epigraphical evidence it can be surmised that the spoken Kannada language evolved much earlier than the Halmidi inscription (c. 450 A.D.). By the 10th century Kannada had its greatest ancient poets like Pampa (born 902 A.D.), Ranna ( born 949 A.D.) and special prose work like (Waddaa-raa-dhu-nae )(c. 930 A.D.) indicating that classical Kannada literature had fully evolved at least one or two centuries earlier, back to 'Kavirajamarga'. But since none of the earlier works have survived, we have to stick to the established norm that written Kannada came into vogue by the 5th century A.D.
Kannada Alphabet
The language has 52 characters in its alphabet and is phonetic. The character set is almost identical to that of other Indian languages. The script itself is fairly complicated like most other languages of India owing to the occurrence of various combinations of "half-letters", or symbols that attach to various letters. The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the 52 characters in the alphabet, owing to the fact that different characters can be combined to form compound characters (ottaksharas). Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one syllable, as opposed to one phoneme in languages like English.
Transliteration
Several transliteration schemes are used to type Kannada characters using a standard keyboard. These include ITRANS, Baraha and Nudi. The Government of Karnataka standard for Kannada transliteration is the Nudi transliteration scheme.
Basic Character Set
Kannada Kali Session-1, Handout (Simple Words)
KANNADA WORD ENGLISH WORD SIMPLE SENTENCENaanu Me / I am Naanu software engineer. (I am a
software engineer)Neenu You Neenu student. (You are a student)Namma Ours Namma desha Bharata. (Our
country is Bharata).Nimma Yours Nimma ooru Bangalore. (Your
home town is Bangalore)Yaaru Who Teacher yaaru? (Who is the
teacher?)Yaavaga When Class yaavaga? (When is the class?)Yelli Where Ramu yelli? (Where is Ramu?)Avaru He / She (with
respect). Also they / those people
Avaru teacher. (He / She is a teacher)
Ivaru He / She. This person / these people
Ivaru students. (These people are students)
Ooru Place / hometown Nanna ooru Mysore. (My place is Mysore)
Hesaru Name Nanna hesaru Ramu. (My name is Ramu)
Gottu Know Nanage English gottu. (I know English)
Gottilla Don’t know Nanage C++ gottilla. (I don’t know C++)
Ishta Like Nanage tea ishta. (I like tea.)Baagilu Door Idu baagilu. (This is the door).Kitaki Window Adu kitaki. (That is the window)Kurchi Chair Idu kurchi. (This is chair)Meju Table Adu meju. (This is table)Mane House Idu namma mane. (This is my
house)Baa Come Neenu illi baa. (you come here)Banni Come(with
respect)Neevu illi banni. (you come here)
Hege How Neenu illige hege bande? (How did you come here?)
Kannada Kali Session-2, Handout (Simple Words)
KANNADA WORD ENGLISH WORD SIMPLE SENTENCEIdu This / It Idu pustaka. (this is book)
Idu nanna pennu. (it is my pen)Adu That Adu nanna mane (that is my house)Yaake Why Neenu yaake allige hode? (why did
you go there?)Yenu What Idu yenu? (What is this?)Houdu Yes Houdu, adu nanage beku. (Yes, I
need it)Alla Not Nanna hesaru Suresha alla. (My
name is not Suresh)Beku Want Nanage pencil beku. (I want pencil)Beda Do not want Nanage idli beda. (I do not want
Idli)Hogu / Hogi Go / wrp Neenu hogu / Neevu hogi. (You go)Hoda / Hodaru (he) Went / wrp Avanu hoda / Avaru hodaru. (He
went)HodaLu / Hodaru (she) Went / wrp AvaLu hodaLu/ Avaru hodaru. (She
went)Banda / Bandaru (he) Came / wrp Avanu banda / Avaru bandaru. (He
came)BandaLu / Bandaru
(she) Came / wrp Avalu bandalu / Avaru bandaru. (She came)
Alli There Alli pustaka ide. (Book is there)Illi Here Illi nodu (See here)Baa / Banni Come / wrp Bega baa. (Come fast)Thago / Thagolli Take / wrp Pen thago (Take the pen)KeLu / keLi Listen / wrp Nanna maathu kelu (Listen to me)HeLu / HeLi Tell / wrp Nanage kathe helu (Tell me a story)OLage Inside Olage yenu ide? (What is inside?)Horage Outside Horage maLe ide. (It is raining
outside)Nilli Stop Alli nilli. (Stop there)Eega Now Eega neenu baa. (Come now)Aaga Then Aaga maLe banthu. (It rained
then)
Kannada Kali Session-3, Handout (Relations & Wishes)
Relations
KANNADA WORD
ENGLISH WORD
amma Motherappa Fathermaga Sonmagalu DaughteraNNa Elder brothertamma Younger brotherakka Elder sistertangi Younger sisterajja Grandfatherajji Grandmotherganda Husbandhendathi Wifemaava Uncle / Father in lawatte Aunt / Mother in lawaLiya Son in lawsose Daughter in lawchikkappa Father’s younger brother or
mother’s younger sister’s husbandchikkamma Mother’s younger sister or father’s
younger brother’s wifedoddappa Father’s elder brother or mother’s
elder sister’s husbanddoddamma Mother’s elder sister or father’s
elder brother’s wife
Wishes
KANNADA WORD
ENGLISH WORD
Namaskaara Good day.Shubhadina Good morning.Shubharaatri Good night.Hogi barutheeni Goodbye.Dayavittu Please.Dhanyavada Thank you.Hege Iddira? How do you do?Chennagi Iddini Very well, thank you.Susvaagatha Welcome.ShubashayagaLu Congratulations.Kshamisi, thada ayitu.
Sorry, I'm late.
Kannada Kali Session-4, Handout (Numbers, Fruits, Vegetables, Colors)
Numbers
1 - ondhu 11 - hannondhu 30 - moovatthu2 - eradu 12 - hanneradu 40 - nalvatthu3 - mooru 13 - hadhimooru 50 - aivatthu4 - naalku 14 - hadhinaalku 60 - aravatthu5 - aidhu 15 - hadhinaidhu 70 - eppatthu6 - aaru 16 - hadhinaaru 80 - embhatthu7 - ELu 17 - hadhinELu 90 - thombatthu8 - entu 18 - hadhinentu 100 - nooru9 - ombhatthu 19 - hatthombatthu 1000 - saavira10 - hatthu 20 - ippatthu 1,00,000 - laksha
1,00, 00, 000 - koti
Vegetables
KANNADA WORD
ENGLISH WORD
tharakaari VegetableeeruLLi OnionbeLLuLLi Garlicshunti Gingeraalu gadde Potatobadane kaayi BrinjalhuraLi kaayi BeansbenDe kaayi Ladies Fingersouthe kaayi Cucumberele kosu Cabbagehoo kosu CauliflowerkumbaLa kaayi
Pumpkin
donne menasinakaayi
Capsicum
eeruLLi hoova Spring Onionkaribevina soppu
Bay leaves
kotthambari soppu
Coriander leaves
hasi menasinakaayi
Green Chillies
Fruits
KANNADA WORD
ENGLISH WORD
Sebu AppleBaaLe haNNu BananakitthaLe haNNu
Orange
maavina haNNu
Mango
dhraakshi Grapessapota Chikkuhalasina haNNu
Jack fruit
seetha phala Custard Appleseebe haNNu Guavakallangadi haNNu
Water Melon
daaLimbe haNNu
Pomogranate
nimbe haNNu LemonAnaanas Pine apple
Colors
KANNADA WORD
ENGLISH WORD
neeli BlueKempu RedbiLi Whitekappu Blackhasiru GreenhaLadi / harishiNa
Yellow
kesari / kitthaLe
Orange
nEraLe Purplekaaki Browngulaabi Pink / Rose
Kannada Kali Session-5, Handout (Case Terminations)
VIBHAKTI NAME
VIBHAKTI FORM
Appx. MEANING
WORDS SENTENCES
Prathama U, andhiru First Person Reference
Avanu, raamanu, aNNandhiru
Raamanu raavaNanaanu Konda
Avanu officege hoda.
Dwitheeya Annu Second person reference
Avanannu,
raavaNanannu
Nannannu kaapaadi
Truteeya Inda Third person or through / from
Avaninda baaNadinda
Raamanu raavaNanannu baaNadinda kondanu
Chaturti kke, Ge, ige, igoOskara, igaagi
To Marakke,
Avanige,
Bengaloorige
Ramanigoskara
Seethegaagi
Naanu nenne bengaloorige hoagiddhe.
Panchami (naDu gannada)
deseyindha from Raamana dheseyindha
shashTi A, an Mine / it’s Nanna,
Avana
Nanna hesaru guru
Sapthami Alli Within, There Maneyalli ,avanalli
Maneyalli yaaroo ilva?
Sambhodane E, aa, iraa Communicating / Calling
Ramaa
KrishnanE
maragaLiraa
Ramaa baa illi
KrishnanE kooru illi
maragaLiraa, nanna koogu keLi!!!
By adding ‘a’ to the end, one can frame a question. Ex :- hauda? , Alva?, ilva?, neevu software engineera?
Entha is a character probing question? Ex: idu entaa haNNU? (Answer could be oLLE haNNu or ketta haNNU).
Aadaroo (Even then) when combined with questioning works, the meaning changes drastically.
Ex:- yaaru + aadaroo = yaaraadaroo (Any one)
yelli + aadaroo = yellaadaroo
hege + aadaroo = hegaadaroo….
Kannada Kali Session-6, Handout (Verbs)
Serial No
Kannada Word
English Word
Past Tense Present Tense Future Tense
1 nODu To See nODdhe nODtha-idhini nODthini2 Odhu To Read Odhidhe Odhtha-idhini Odhthini3 kuDi To Drink kuDdhe kuDitha-idhini kuDithini4 ODu To Run ODidhe ODtha-idhini ODthini5 koDi To Give kotte koDtha-idhini koDthini6 niddhe To Sleep niddhe
maaDdheniddhe maaDtha-idhini
niddhe
maadthini7 naDi To Walk naDdhe naDitha-idhini naDithini8 haaDu To Sing/
SonghaaDdhe haaDtha-idhini haaDthini
9 kuNi To Dance kuNidhe kuNitha-idhini kuNithini10 iLi To get
downiLidhe iLitha-idhini iLithini
11 bari To Write bardhe Baritha-idhini barithini12 kollu To Kill Kondhe kolltha-idhini kollthini13 koLLu To Buy konDe koLLutha-
idhinikoLLthini
14 hatthu To Climb hatthide hath-tha-idhini hath-thini15 nagu To Laugh nakkde nakktha-idhini nagthini16 Ogi To Wash Ogidhe Ogitha-idhini Ogithini17 heLu To Say heLde heltha-idhini helthini18 keLu To Ask keLde keltha-idhini Kelthini19 muTTu To Touch muTTdhe muTTta-idhini MuTTtini20 oDi To break oDidhe oDitha-idhini oDithini21 ODisu To Drive ODisde ODisitha-
idhiniODisthini
22 Shuru To Strart Shuru maaDde
Shuru maaDthidhini
Shuru maaDthini
23 aLu To Cry atthe aLtha-idhini aLuthini24 Maaru To Sell Maaride Maartha-idhini Maarthini25 Solu To loose Sothe Solutha-idhini Soluthini26 Gellu To Win Gedde Geltha-idhini gelthini
Kannada Kali Session-7, Handout (Workshop 1)
COMMUTING
Important Verbs
To go - Hogu naanu officige hoguthene
To come - Ba naanu trekking baruthene
To run - Oodu naanu marathon ooduthene
To walk - nade naanu dina yeradu km nadeyuthene
To catch - hidi naanu infosys bus hidiyuthene
To stand - ninthu niinu bus stand alli ninthu kondiru
Phrases
I. I want to “Phrase"
Most scenarios while commuting involve communicating our intention to the opposite person.
Nanage < something> beku
naanu <place>ge <action> beku
Note: When referring to a living thing use “theera”. When referring to a non living thing use “tha”
II. Replying
Remember when replying use
houdu – to say yes. Houdu, infosys bus illi baruthe. (Yes, infosys bus comes here)
Illa – to say no. illa naanu 10 rupayee extra kododilla (No, I shall not pay 10 Rs extra)
Ayithu – to say over. Naanu ticket padedu ayithu (I have taken the ticket)
Agilla – to say not over.
Words Indicating direction
bala - Right
eDa - Left
munde - Forward/ Ahead
hinde - Backward/ Behind
SHOPPING
Important Verbs
Sl No Verb To <verb> Past verb Will buy Am buying1 Buy Kondu
kolluKondu konde
Kindu kolluthene
Kondu kollu tha idene
2 Take Tagedu kollu
Tagedu konde
Tagedu kolluthene
Tagedu Kollu tha idene
Words for shopping
Beda - nanage ii pen beda. Bere kodi (I don’t want this pen. Give me another)
Beku - nanage aa dress beku. Pack maadi (I want that dress. Please pack it)
Bere - ii tomato chennagilla. Bere kodi (This tomato is not nice. Give me another)
MONEY
Important Words
Chillare - change
Duddu - money
Numbers - numbers that were discussed in previous class.
Jyasthi - ishtu beda. idu thumba jyasthi ayithu. ( I don’t need so much. This is more than I need)
Kammi - innu solpa kodi. Idu thumba kammi ayithu (Give me some more this is too little)
Phrases
Yeshtu usage
Typicall usage will be
Idu ( pointing at something) yeshtu – how much is this.
Note the differences between the following.
Yeshtu – how much
Ishtu – this much
Ashtu – that much
COMMUTING IN A LOCAL BUS
Scenario 1: Searching the Bus Stand.
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Illi hattirada bus stand yelli ide? Where is the nearest bus stand?2 Munde ide It’s straight ahead.
3 Dhanya vaada Thank you4 Naanu majestic ge hoga beku.
Majestic ge hoguva bussu illi barutha?
I have to go to majestic. Will buses going to majestic come here?
5 Houdu. Illi baruthe Yes. They come here6 Yaava bussu hoguthe? Which buses will go?7 171, 172 hogthe 8 Mundina bussu yaavaga baruthe? When will the next bus come?9 Innu ardha ghante aguthe It will take half an hour more10 171 bus Wilson garden mele/inda?
Hogutha?Will 171 go through Wilson garden?
11 Illa, bari 172 matra hoguthe No 171 will
Scenario 2: Inside the bus
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Majestic ge ondu ticket kodi One ticket to majestic please2 Aidu rupayi aguthe It will be 5 rupees 3 Majestic bandare dayavittu thilisi Please let me know when
majestic comes4 Majestic innu yeshtu doora ide? How much further is majestic5 Innu nalakku stop 4 more stops6 Ide majestic stopa? Is this majestic stop?7 Houdu. Ide majestic Yes. This is majestic
Scenario 3: Asking an auto driver
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Majestic ge hoga beku.
Barutheera?I want to go to majectic will you come
2 100 rupayee aguthe It will be 100 rupees3 Illa meter ashte koduthene I will pay as per the meter4 Ayithu kulithu kolli Ok. Please sit down5 Wilson garden alli right thagoli Take a right at Wilson garden6 Munde left thagoli Take a left ahead.7 Yenu meter ishtu agide alla! Naanu
dina baruthene – 40 rupees asthe
aguvudu. Naanu ashte koduthene
What the meter is showing so much! I come daily and I pay only 40 – I shall pay the same
8 Ayithu 45 kodi Ok give me 459 ThagoLi Take
SHOPPING
Scenario 1: Shopping for groceries
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Tomato yeshtu How much are the tomatoes?2 Hadinaidu rupayi kilo 15 rupees a kilo3 10 rupayi madi kolli Make it 10 rupees4 Illa saar – tomato season illa…. No sir – this is not tomato
season5 Illa illa bere kade ella 10 rupaye..
adare nimma tomato chenaagideNo no it is 10 rupees elsewhere.. but your tomatoes are good
6 Ayithu 13 rupayi kodi Ok give 13 rupees7 Ayithu yeradu kg kodi Ok give me 2 kgs
Scenario 2: Shopping for clothes
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Ii shirtu chenaagide. Idara bele
yenu?This shirt is nice. What is its price?
2 Inoora aivathu rupaayi 250 rupees.3 Illa thumba jyasthi ayithu. Kammi
madi kolli. No it is too much. Reduce it.
4 Illa sir fixed price No sir fixed price5 Yenu riyayati illava? No discount is it?
6 Illa sir onde price No sire only one price. 7 Beda bidi – naanu bere angadi yalli
nooduthene.Then I don’t need it. I shall shop for it in another shop.
8 Ayithu yeshtu kodutheera Allright how much will you give
9 Naanu inooru rupaayi koduthene I will pay 20010 Ayithu thagoli All right take it11 Yenatharu defect iddare replace
mada bekuIf there are any defects then will you replace it?
12 Yenu defect iddaru naave bere shirt kodutheve
Yes if there are any defects then we will replace it.
13 Dhanya vaada Thank you
Kannada Kali Session-8, Handout (Workshop 2)
Interaction with House owner / Neighbors
Words
Mane – house / home
Baadige – rent
Kutumba – family
Hesaru – name
Pakkada maneyavaru - Neighbours
Maduve – marriage
MakkaLu - children
Kelasa - work
Tingalu - months
Neeru – water
Mane kelasa – domestic help
Aduge - cook
Interacting with Domestic Help / Cook
Important Verbs
To wash clothes - ogi
To sweep - gudisu
To clean utensils - toLi
To mop – oresu
Come – baa
Go – hogu
Cut – hetchu
to break - odi
to grind – rubbu
Fry - huri
To cook – aduge maadu / beyisu
Words
Paathre – utensil
Batte – clothes
Nela – floor
Porake - Broom
Neeru - water
bisi – hot
tarakaari – vegetable
enne – oil
akki – rice
beLe – dal
Interaction with House owner / Neighbor
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 Nimma hesarenu. what is your name?2 Maduve aagideya? Are you married?3 MakkaLu iddaara? Do you have kids?4 Nimma kutumbadalli estu
janariddaare?How many people are there in your family?
5 Neevu elli kelasa maaduteeri? where do you work?6 Manege estu baadige? what is the rent for the house?7 Manege estu tingala advance
kodabeku?How many months advance should I deposit?
8 Maneyalli estu roomgalu ive? how many rooms does the house have?
9 Maneyalli bike / car parking ideya? do you have bike / car parking facility in the house?
10 Neeru supply hege idhe? How is the water supply?11 Mane kelasa maaduvavaru
sulabhavaagi siguttaara? Do we get domestic help easily?
12 Aduge maaduvavaru hattiradalli siguttaara?
Do we get services of a cook in the vicinity?
13 Hattiradalli hannu-tarakaari elli sigutthade?
Where do we get fruits and vegetables in the vicinity ?
14 Pakkada maneyavara hesarenu? What is the neighbour’s name?
Interaction with Domestic help / Cook
Sl no Kannada version English Translation1 naaLe entugantege baa come tomorrow at 8.2 naaLe estu hottige kelasakke
baruteeya? at what time are you coming tomorrow?
3 Ivattu nela oresabeku you have to mop the floor today
4 Nela gudisi ayta? Have you swept the floor?5 Yaavaga paathre tholiteeya? when will you clean the
utensils?6 Chennaagi batte ogiya beku wash the clothes properly.
Kannada Kali Session-9, Handout (Workshop 3)
Interaction in a restaurant
Words
Word Meaning Usage
oota Lunch/dinner Oota ayitha?
thindi Breakfast/snacks Thindige jothe coffee kudide
kahi Bitter Coffee thumba kahiyagide
khara Hot/spicy Curry thumba khara
uppu Salt Rasam nalli uppu jyasti
sakkare Sugar yeardu spoon sakkare haaki
thannige Cold Dese thannige agide
bisi Hot Nannage bisi bisi coffee ishta
bega Fast Bega badisi ( serve fast )
neeru Water Neeru yellide?
bele Lentils (Daal)
soppu Greens
baath Cooked Rice
Chennagide It is nice Coffee chennagide
chennagilla It is not nice Coffee chenagilla
Badisu Serve
tholidu kollu
to wash Kai tholidu kollu (to wash the hands)
Important Verbs and interrogatives
yenu ide? - What is there?
This can prefixed to enquire menus. Examples are menu alli yenu ide (whats in the menu), kudiyokke yenu ide? (Whats there to drink?). In general a question of yenu ide is like asking for the entire menu.
Ideya – is there?
This can be used when we want to ask for a specific item. Examples are coffee ideya [generic form < item > ideya?]
Kodi – give
Examples: yearadu coffee kodi. - give me 2 cups of coffee.
Yeshtu – how much
Examples: Yeradu cup coffee yeshtu? - How much for two cups of coffee?
Interaction with waiter/manager
Sl no Kannada version English Translation
1 Thindi yenu ide? Whats there for snacks?
2 Idly, dose, vade Idly, dose, and vadas
3 Yeradu idly, ondu dose matte mooru cup coffee
Ok 2 idly, 1 dose and 3 cups of coffee
4 Yeshtu ? How much?
5 40 rupaayi 40 rupees
6 Thagoli Take it.
Interacting with the person serving
7 Swalpa bega kodi Please give these fast.
8 Ii dose thannigagide bere kodi This dose is cold. Give me another one.
9 Illa saar iga madidu No sir. This has just been prepared.
10 Illa nanage bere kodi No please give me another one.
Enquiring for lodging
Sl no Kannada version English Translation
1 Nimma hotel nalli double bedroom room ideya?
Dou you have double bedroom rooms in your hotel?
2 Ondu dinakke yeshtu chargu? What is the charge for a day?
3 Single bedroom ge yeshu? What’s the charge for a single bedroom?
4 Room service ideya? Do you have room service?