Workshop on the Framework of LongWorkshop on the Framework of Long--Term Capacity Term Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction in APECBuilding for Disaster Risk Reduction in APECBuilding for Disaster Risk Reduction in APECBuilding for Disaster Risk Reduction in APEC

Lessons Learned fromLessons Learned fromLessons Learned from Lessons Learned from Typhoon MorakotTyphoon Morakotypyp

Dr. Hsu, Ming-Hsi

Deputy Director, National Science & Technology Center for Disaster Reduction

Professor, National Taiwan University

Chinese Taipei

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I IntroductionII Damage and LossesIII Lesson LearnedIII Lesson LearnedIV ConclusionsIV Conclusions

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IIIntroductionIntroduction

Introduction4

Introduction

Before the end of June, we face a challenge of the drought problemp

. In the southern island, it did no rain in 60 consecutive days. The water storages in main reservoirs decreased to a lower stage

f i h ifor operations at that timeShihmen Reservoir : 69 million tons (33%)Zengwen Reservoir : 126 million tons (21%)Zengwen Reservoir : 126 million tons (21%)Nanhua Reservoir : 28 million tons (24%)

. We expect Typhoon Morakot bringing rainfall to quench the d hdrought.

The Typhoon Morakot affected northern island on Aug 7-9The Typhoon Morakot affected northern island on Aug. 7-9, but it results the worst flood in 50 years at southern island

Course of Typhoon5

Course of Typhoon

Aug 5-6: Moved fast toward Chinese Taipei.Aug. 7 : Slowed down and out skirt touched the island.Aug. 8 : Made landfall at 00:00; Center left the island at 14:00 at very slow pace.Aug. 9 Gradually moved toward China.

Doppler Radar Image6

Doppler Radar Image

U i l Unsymmetrical structure of rain clouds

d t haround typhoon

The typhoon rain cloud ypinteracted with supplying extra

The Central Ridge pp y g

moisture by southwest monsoon result large

Eye

amount of rainfall in the south of the island.

Southwest Monsoon Interacted with Morakot by Supplying Extra Moisture

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Supplying Extra Moisture

Morakot

Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei

Accumulated Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot8

Accumulated Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot

Accumulated Rainfall

County TownshipAnnualRainfall(mm)

08/07-08/10(mm)

08/07-08/10vs

Annual

Accumulated Rainfall

Chiayi Alishan 3,910 2,965 76% Pingtung Sandimen 3,884 2,872 74%

Chiayi Jhuci 3,801 2,775 73%

Kaohsiung Taoyuan 4,086 2,790 68% Kaohsiung Liouguei 3,138 2,461 78% Chiayi Fanlu 3,437 2,202 64%

Chi i D 2 749 2 156 78%Chiayi Dapu 2,749 2,156 78%

Kaohsiung Jiasian 2,861 2,020 71% Nantou Sinyi 3 254 1 929 59%Nantou Sinyi 3,254 1,929 59%

Kaohsiung Maolin 3,152 1,404 45% Pingtung Wutai 2,898 1,160 40%Pingtung Wutai 2,898 1,160 40% Kaohsiung Cishan 2,365 924 39%

Rainfall Intensity Compared with World Records9

y p

10000

World Record

Accumulated Rainfall

World RecordWorld RecordMORAKOT

World Record

Morakot

1000

Rai

nfal

l(mm

)

100

10 100 1000 10000 10000010 100 1000 10000 100000

Duration(min)1hr 1day 2day3day3hr 6hr 12hr

Source: WRA, MOEA

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IIIIDamages and LossesDamages and Losses

Levee breaks of Linbian River, Pingtung County11

Levee breaks of Linbian River, Pingtung County

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Damaged Levees by Flood 13

g y

Taimali Township of Taitung County, East Coast

Driftedtreetrunks

2007 2009/08/11

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144 townships (45% of 319) floodedflooded

Tainan County15

Tainan County

The southern science park0 2.5 5

kilometres

0 2.5 5

kilometres

The southern science park situates at Tainan County, one of the most important industrial

the most important industrial bases, has no inundation and damage due to well-established

damage due to well established drainage systems and four detention ponds with 45 hectares.

detention ponds with 45 hectares.

southern science park

southern science park

0 50 150 300 500 600 >600 (cm)

(:)

Soil Deposition in Rivers16

Soil Deposition in Rivers

Slopeland Remains

Sediment Outflow

Sediment Sediment Slopeland Slopeland RemainsRemains

0 8 billions0 8 billions mm33YieldsYields

1.2 billions m1.2 billions m33

0.8 billions 0.8 billions mm33

Sedimentation Sedimentation in Riversin Rivers

UpstreamUpstream0.15 billions0.15 billions

ve sve s0.4 billions 0.4 billions mm33 DownstreamDownstream

0.25 billions0.25 billions Source: SWCB

Sediment Deposition in Rivers17

Sediment Deposition in Rivers

B id tBridge at Liukuei () Township

After

Before

Source: Kaohsiung Countyg y

Siaolin Village the Hardest-hit Area18

Siaolin Village_the Hardest hit Area

Jiasian Township of Kaohsiung County Jiasian Township of Kaohsiung County

400 dead and 53 missing

Landslide, barrier lake and mudslide

Buried Area

Before After

Aerial Imageries of Siaolin Village19

Aerial Imageries of Siaolin Village

Imagery in 2007 Imagery of Aug. 15, 2009

Dam Safety for Reservoir20

Dam Safety for Reservoir

In the Morakot the peak inflow of Tsengwen reservoir was In the Morakot, the peak inflow of Tsengwen reservoir was 11,729 m3/s which exceeded the spillway capacity of 9,470 m3/s Fortunately there are no severe damage in the reservoirm /s. Fortunately, there are no severe damage in the reservoir.

We wonder that the extreme rainfall may happen in the catchment of other main reservoirs especially in Shihman

R i

catchment of other main reservoirs, especially in ShihmanReservoir at upstream of Taipei city.

ReservoirItem Tsengwen Nanhua Shihmen

Catchment area (km2) 481.6 108.3 763.4( )

Morakot Peak Inflow (m3/s) 11,729 3,030

Morakot Peak Outflow (m3/s) 8 367 2 718Morakot Peak Outflow (m /s) 8,367 2,718

Spillway capacity (m3/s) 9470 4332 13800

Spillway capacity/Catchment area (mm/hr) 19 66 40 00 18 08Spillway capacity/Catchment area (mm/hr) 19.66 40.00 18.08

Inflow of Reservoir/ Spillway capacity 1.24 0.70

Capacity Loss of the Reservoir21

Capacity Loss of the Reservoir

B f h T h M k h l di i f 40Before the Typhoon Morakot, the total sedimentation of 40 reservoirs was 300 millions m3 (13.02% of effective capacity ).

At the typhoon Aere (2004), 28 million m3 deposited in Shihmen reservoir and 18 million m3 in Tsengwen reservoirreservoir and 18 million m3 in Tsengwen reservoir.

At the Typhoon Morakot about 70 million m3 deposited inAt the Typhoon Morakot, about 70 million m3 deposited in Tsengwen reservoir.

The sedimentation deposited in reservoir will reduce the effective capacity of storagewill reduce the effective capacity of storage for water supply.

22 Off-Site Reservoir-Alternative Solution for SedimentAlternative Solution for Sediment

Dam directly constructed in a river usually suffered from the sediment usua y su e ed o t e sed e tdeposited in reservoir, like most of reservoirs in the island, especially faced , p yon the climate change.

The off-site reservoir, having small river catchment and water intake from other river, need to consider in the future.

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IIILearned from

Typhoon Morakot

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3 1 I i th A f R i f ll d3.1 Improving the Accuracy of Rainfall and Flood Forecasting during Typhoon g g yp

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The Real Time Flood Forecast System

Th S E R

The Real Time Flood Forecast System

Three Steps to Emergency Response

Rea-timeRea-time ScientificScientific In-timeIn-timeRea-timeMonitoring Rea-time

Monitoring Scientific

PredictionScientific

PredictionIn-time

OperationIn-time

Operation

Provide forecasting based on models

Provide updated data based on gauges

Provide reaction based on well-defined planbased on models

Tool for pre-disaster deployment

g g

Tool for pinpointing blind areas by forecast

p

Tool for saving more time before its too latep y

Reference for decision support

Reference for revisingdecision support

Reference for allocating emergency support

Limited by technology development

Limited by number, location, transmission

Limited by determination of all-level administrators

Enhancement of Typhoon Monitoring System26

1 Th h h 406 l i i f ll d 4 D l

Enhancement of Typhoon Monitoring System

1. Though we have 406 real-time rainfall gauges and 4 Doppler radar stations around the island, it is still insufficient to

f l l th i tiemergency response for large scale weather variations.2. A regional weather information platform is needed to improve

the accuracy of rainfall forecaststhe accuracy of rainfall forecasts.

River Monitoring System is an Essential Element to Flood Warning

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to Flood Warning

The Danshuei River Flood Forecasting System provides flood warning with 6-hr lead time river stage forecasting for the metropolitan Taipei area.

The system should be implemented in other major rivers i h i l din the island.

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3.2 Strengthening the Emergency Response and Relief at all Levelsand Relief at all Levels

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Detestation After Typhoon Blocked Emergency Relief yp g y

1 Major challenges to emergency rescue1.Major challenges to emergency rescue Bad weather condition jeopardized air-lifting operation Interruption of roads and bridges restrained access to the affected

areas. More complexity of severe weather and interrupted transportation

than the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquakethan the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake2.At initial stage right after typhoon, government takes critics and pressure from the media and the publicand pressure from the media and the public

Mobilization of Military Sectors to Speed up Emergency Response and Post-Disaster Recovery

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Emergency Response and Post Disaster Recovery

Item Number

Military personnel 134,792

Flights of Helicopter 1,652 Flights of Aerial

Surveillance 21

4 000Military Vehicle 4,000

Non-military Vehicle 5,156

Rubber Boat 269

Machinery 300Machinery 300

Boat 5E R li fEmergency Relief

Material 227 ton

31 Case Comparison of Pre-disaster Evacuation from the Typhoon Morakotthe Typhoon Morakot

Without Pre-disaster Evacuation

Because of no major landslide before, j ,villagers decided to staySpot: Siaolin Village, Jiasian TownshipDamage and causality: the landslideDamage and causality: the landslide cased 350 damaged houses and 453 people dead

With Pre-disaster Evacuation

Villagers followed the red alert of debris flow Spot: Yushan Village Nanhua Township Spot: Yushan Village, Nanhua Township No causality reported If no evacuation in time, the 50 damaged

h ld th b fhouses could cause the number of causality to 71

Strengthening disaster preparedness measures and rescue resources in local governments

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Community residents are the executors

and rescue resources in local governments

Community residents are the executors. Through various activities to encourages

participation

discussion

participation Provide needed knowledge and resources.

discussion

educationworkshop lecture partieseducation meetingworkshop lecture

exercisefield surveytraining

trainingmapping

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3.3 Improving Land Use Management and Land Conservation PlanningLand Conservation Planning

Relocation of the Affected Villageswith High Potential Risk

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with High Potential Risk

The affected portions of villages to be relocated Required base to The affected portions of villages to be relocated accommodate (ha)Shaolin () Village 7.92Namasia () Township Ethnic Village 20.00Liouguei TownshipWutai Township Ali Village, etc. 5.92Fangliao Township, etc. 15.06Majia Township 15.44

Comprehensive River Basin Management35

Land use with disaster risk reduction Flooding vulnerability map

Comprehensive River Basin Management

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Land use with disaster risk reduction Flooding vulnerability map

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Analysis of flood vulnerability with locality factors

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IVIVConclusionsConclusions

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Future Work

1 Enhancement of weather & disaster monitoring system

Future Work

1. Enhancement of weather & disaster monitoring system Due to the complexity of weather and geography, investment on

monitoring system is crucial to upgrade capability of observationmonitoring system is crucial to upgrade capability of observation.2. Improving early-warning technology

Quantitative estimation of rainfall for supplying basis of earlyQuantitative estimation of rainfall for supplying basis of earlywarning.

3 E t bli hi i t t d l tf f i f ti h3. Establishing integrated platform for information exchangeA platform which connects the information between central andl l t i lif i d i i t ti d dlocal governments, simplifying administrative procedures andupdating automatically.

4 SOP f i4. SOP for emergency operation(1) Evacuation (2) Rescue (3) Quick recovery.

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Future Work

5 Amendment of Disaster Prevention and Rescue Act (

Future Work

5. Amendment of Disaster Prevention and Rescue Act (): Initial amendment was approved on Nov 9 and will be sent forInitial amendment was approved on Nov. 9 and will be sent fordeliberation soon Establishment of Office of Disaster Prevention and Protection in cabinet level Active involvement of military sectors

6. legislation of Land Planning Act ( ): D ft d O t 8 d ill b t f l i l tiDraft was approved on Oct. 8 and will be sent for legislation soon

7. Comprehensive river basin managementFour pilot projects including Danshuei River Dajia RiverFour pilot projects including Danshuei River, Dajia River, Jhuoshuei River, and Gaoping River will be initiated to propose whole basin managementwhole basin management.

8. Adaptation strategy to mitigate impacts of climate changeResearch and assessment of temperature deviation sea-level riseResearch and assessment of temperature deviation, sea-level rise,extreme rainfall, increasing intensity of tropical cyclone

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h k fh k fThank You for Your Thank You for Your A i !A i !Attention!Attention!