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KeywordsAdenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine Diphosphate, Mitochondria,
Electrochemical Gradient, ATP Synthase, Energy
3.4.2: What is ATP?
Unit 3.4
Populations and environment
RecapWrite the word and symbol equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
Draw and label a diagram of a mitochondrion.
carbondioxide + wateroxygen + glucose + energy
6CO2 + 6H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6
light energy
carbondioxide + water oxygen + glucose
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O6O2 + C6H12O6
5 of 37 © Boardworks Ltd 2008
Mitochondria
The mitochondrion is an energy-generating organelle.
The inner membrane is coated in enzymes, which catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.
It is surrounded by two membranes. The inner layer folds inwards to form the cristae. The cristae project into a liquid called the matrix.
outer membrane
matrixinner membrane
cristae
What we know so far…Y13Y13: What we know so far… 1. The structure of mitochondria
2. All living cells respire
3. Respiration is the release of energy in a series of controlled reactions.
4. One of the products of respiration is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Y13: Learning objective All Pupils will :1. Recall the structure and function of a mitochondria2. Learn the structure and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) 3. Learn the role of ATP as the immediate source of energy for biological processes.
Y13: Learning outcomeAll Pupils will be able to:1. Draw and label a diagram of ATP2. Write a word equation for the conversion of ADP to ATP3. List four biological processes where ATP synthesis is required as an immediate source of
energy
Most Pupils will be able to:
4. Predict the word equation for the conversion of ATP to ADP Some Pupils will be able to:5. Hypothesize the consequences of an ATP deficiency
What is ATP?Y13
ATP STRUCTURE
What is ATP?Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine TriphosphateATP STRUCTURE
What is ATP?Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP STRUCTURE
What is ATP?Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP STRUCTURE
What is ATP?Y13
ATP stands for:
Adenosine Triphosphate
It is made up of:
1. Adenine (Base)
2. Ribose (Sugar)
3. Three inorganic phosphates (3Pi)
ATP STRUCTURE
ATP is therefore a phosphorylated nucleotide
ATP synthesisY13
So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:ENERGY ‘STORAGE’ MOLECULE.
ATP is built up from the molecules adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ______________.
ATP
ADP
ATP synthesisY13
So ATP is a nucleotide, but it also has another function as an:ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE.
ATP is built up from the molecule: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
ATP
ADP
What is ATP?Y13
To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and ______ is required.
Pi PiADP Pi PiATP
Pi
Pi
WhiteboardsY13
So, to convert ADP to ATP we need inorganic phosphate, and something else. What do you think this is?
What is ATP?Y13
To synthesise ATP from ADP, Pi and energy is required.
Pi PiADP
Energy
Pi PiATP
Pi
Pi
What is ATP?Y13
ADP + Pi + Energy ATP (+ Water)
The addition of phosphate to ADP is termed phosphorylation. There are different types of phosphorylation: photo, oxidative and substrate-level. We will learn more about these through the topic.
WhiteboardsY13
Write down a word equation for the conversion of ATP to ADP.
Hydrolysis of ATPY13
ATP (+ Water) ADP + Pi + Energy
The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase, releasing 30.7kJ mol-1 of energy.
BrainstormY13
ATP
Role of ATPY13
Metabolic processes:
Active Transport: Activation of molecules:
Muscle Contraction:
ATP
Role of ATPY13
Metabolic processes:ATP provides energy needed to
build up macromolecules from basic units.
Active Transport: provides energy
to change shape of carrierproteins in plasma
Membranes.
Activation of molecules:when a phosphate is transferred
from ATP to another molecule it makes it more
reactive, lowering its activationenergy.
Muscle Contraction – provides energy to allow muscle filaments to
slide past each other.
ATP
To Do:Complete Worksheet (both sides)
Peer Mark
Final question to be completed for homework due next lesson.
Fin.Y13
THE END
To Finish…Y13
To reach the top of the cliff, describe 6 keywords you’ve learnt today about ATP and energy.........
http://www.teachers-direct.co.uk/resources/quiz-busters/quiz-busters-game.aspx?game_id=63908
ATP synthesisY13
ATP synthesis takes place on the mitochondrial inner membrane.
ATP synthesis requires energy.
But where does this energy come from?
ATP SYNTHASE
Electrochemical Gradient: a gradient that involves both CHARGE and CONCENTRATION
ATP synthaseY13
ATP synthase is a large complex of membrane bound protein.
There is a difference in charge between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane space.
There is a difference in the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) between the mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane
space.
Hydrogen ions (or protons) flow from the intermembrane space,
down this electrochemical gradient, and through the ATP synthase complex, into the matrix
ATP synthesisY13
1. H+ enters the ATP synthase complex from the inter membrane space
2. This prompts the release of a H+ from ATP synthase in to the matrix
3. This transfer of H+ down a gradient generates enough energy at ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic Phosphate (Pi).
Inter- membrane Space
H+ H+H+
Matrix
ADP
Energy
ATP
H+
H+
H+
Inner Membrane
ATP synthase
Outer Membrane