KIMIA Unsur Logam Alkali Dan Alkali Tanah Dan Unsur Periode Ketiga

8/19/2019 KIMIA Unsur Logam Alkali Dan Alkali Tanah Dan Unsur Periode Ketiga

1/21

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah swt,karena atas

kehendak-Nya lah kami dapat merangkumkan sebuah laporan pelajaran

KIMIA tentang ‘’ Unsur Logam Alkali dan Alkali Tanah dan Unsur Periode

Ketiga ‘’

Tidak lupa kami mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya

kepada Ibu pembina Kimia karena atas bimbingan dan petunjuk beliau

sehingga laporan mengenai ‘’ Unsur Logam Alkali dan Alkali Tanah dan

Unsur Periode Ketiga ‘’ ini dapat kami selesaikan.

Kami sadar,laporan ini masih memiliki berbagai kekurangan dan

kesalahan.Oleh karena itu,kritik dan saran kami sangat kami harapkan

untuk menyempurnakan laporan ini lebih lanjut.Akhir kata saya ucapkan

terimakasih dan semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua.Aamiin.

Wassalam...

Penulis

Riskatul Mukarramah

(Kelompok 4)

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................................1

DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................................2

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................3

LATAR BELAKANG...........................................................................................3

A. UNSUR LOGAM ALKALI DAN ALKALI TANAH.....................................3

B. UNSUR PERIODE KETIGA...........................................................................4

BAB II PEMBAHASAN...................................................................................................4

- PRAKTIKUM Ia. Topik.................................................................................................................4 b. T!a"...............................................................................................................4#. R$%a" Ma%a&a'.............................................................................................4(. La"(a%a" T)o*i.................................................................................................4). M)+o() P)")&i+ia"............................................................................................1,. K)%i$p&a" (a" Sa*a".....................................................................................12- PRAKTIKUM II

a. Topik................................................................................................................12 b. T!a"..............................................................................................................12#. R$%a" Ma%a&a'............................................................................................13(. La"(a%a" T)o*i.................................................................................................13). M)+o() P)")&i+ia".............................................................................................1. K)%i$p&a" (a" Sa*a"......................................................................................2,

BAB III DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................21

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BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

LATAR BELAKANG

A. UNSUR ALKALI DAN ALKALI TANAHDa&a$ %i%+)$ p)*io(ik "%*-"%* (i%%" b)*(a%a*ka" *+a" k)"aika"

"o$o* a+o$"/a. U"%*-"%* /a"0 +)*&)+ak (a&a$ %a+ ba*i% (i%)b+ p)*io() %)(a"0

"%*-"%* /a"0 +)*&)+ak (a&a$ %a+ &a!* (i"a$aka" %a+ 0o&o"0a". U"%*-"%*

/a"0 +)*&)+ak (a&a$ %a+ 0o&o"0a" $)$p"/ai %ia+-%ia+ i%ik (a" %ia+ ki$ia /a"0

'a$pi* %a$a. Da&a$ %i%+)$ p)*io(ik i"i %)&*'"/a +)*(apa+ 1 0o&o"0a" /ai+

0o&o"0a" I %a$pai 0o&o"0a" III (a" $a%i"0-$a%i"0 +)*ba0i $)"!a(i 0o&o"0a" A

(a" 0o&o"0a" B. Da&a$ %i%+)$ p)*io(ik "%*-"%* /a"0 +)*&)+ak (i %)b)&a' ki*i

b)*%ia+ &o0a$ %)(a"0ka" /a"0 +)*&)+ak (i %)b)&a' ka"a" b)*%ia+ bka" &o0a$.Lo0a$-&o0a$ 0o&o"0a" 1 (a" 2 (a&a$ S%"a" B)*ka&a b)*+*+-+*+

(i%)b+ &o0a$-&o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' ka*)"a &o0a$-&o0a$ +)*%)b+

$)$b)"+k ok%i(a (a" 'i(*ok%i(a /a"0 &a*+ (a&a$ ai* $)"0'a%i&ka" &a*+a" ba%a. Lo0a$ a&ka&i +)*(i*i a+a% )"a$ "%* /ai+ &i+i$ Li5 "a+*i$ Na5

*bi(i$ Rb5 %)%i$ 6%5 (a" *a"%i$ F*5. Lo0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' $)&ip+i

b)*i&i$ $a0")%i$ ka&%i$ %+*o"%i$ ba*i$ (a" *a(i$. Da&a$ %i%+)$

p)*io(ik k))"a$ "%* i+ +)*&)+ak pa(a 0o&o"0a" IIA. Lo0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' !0a

$)$b)"+k ba%a +)+api &)bi' &)$a' (a*i &o0a$ a&ka&i. B)*b)(a ()"0a" 0o&o"0a"

IA %)"/a7a (a*i &o0a$ 0o&o"0a" IIA ba"/ak /a"0 %ka* &a*+ (a&a$ ai*. U"%*-

"%* 0o&o"0a" IIA $$"/a (i+)$ka" (a&a$ +a"a' b)*pa %)"/a7a +ak &a*+.

U"%*-"%* &o0a$ (apa+ (i)k%i+a%ika" ()"0a" $)$a"a%ka"8$)$baka*

%)"/a7a"/a pa(a "/a&a api $i%a&"/a pa(a p)$baka* b"%)" a+a p)$baka*

%pi*i+%. U"%* IA (a" IIA $)$b)*i 7a*"a-7a*"a /a"0 k'a% pa(a "/a&a api bia%a.

Da&a$ p)k)*!aa" &abo*a+o*i$ a"a&i+ik !i-!i "/a&a %)*i"0 (i0"aka" "+k

$)"0"0kapka" a(a +i(ak"/a b)*ba0ai "%* a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a'.

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K)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ p)*)ak%i +)*+)"+ b)*b)(a-

b)(a. Lo0a$ a&ka&i (apa+ &a*+ (a&a$ ai* (a" a$$o"ia $)"0'a%i&ka" &a*+a"

b)*7a*"a bi* !ika )"#)* %)(a"0ka" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' $)$i&iki k)&a*+a" /a"0

k)#i& (i (a&a$ ai* (i$a"a k)&a*+a""/a (a&a$ p)*)ak%i 'i(*ok%i(a %&a+ k*o$a+

ka*bo"a+ (a" ok%a&a+ b)*b)(a-b)(a (a&a$ %a+ 0o&o"0a". B)*(a%a*ka" &a+a* b)&aka"0

i"i $aka (i&akka" p)*#obaa" "+k $)"0)+a'i 7a*"a /a"0 (i'a%i&ka" o&)' o&)'

&o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' %)*+a k)&a*+a" (a*i &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ p)*)ak%i

/a"0 b)*b)(a-b)(a.

B. UNSUR PERIODE KETIGA

K)+)*a+*a" %ia+ (a&a$ +ab)& p)*io(ik +i(ak 'a"/a +)*!a(i (a&a$ %a+

0o&o"0". Di (a&a$ %a+ p)*io() (a*i ki*i k)ka"a" !0a +)*(apa+ p)*ba'a" %ia+ /a"0+)*a+*. K)+)*a+*a" p)*ba'a" %ia+ i"i aka" +)*&i'a+ ()"0a" !)&a% pa(a "%*-"%*

p)*io() k)+i0a.Di(a&a$ p)*io() k)+i0a +ab)& p)*io(ik "%* +)*(apa+ ()&apa" "%* (i$&ai

(a*i "a+*i$ Na5 $a0")%i$ M05 a&$i"i$ A&5 %i&iko" Si5 o%o*% P5 b)&)*a"0 S5 k&o*i" 6&5 (a" a*0o" A*5.

Da*i b)*ba0ai "%* /a"0 +)*(apa+ (a&a$ p)*io() k)+i0a +)"+"/a $a%i"0-$a%i"0 "%* $)$p"/ai %ia+ k)p)*io(ika" k)0"aa" +)$pa+ (i+)$ka" (a"*$% %)"/a7a /a"0 b)*b)(a-b)(a.

O&)' ka*)"a b)*ba0ai p)*b)(aa" +)*%)b+ $aka p)*&&a' (i&akka"

p)"0ka!ia" +)*'a(ap b)*ba0ai 'a& +)*%)b+.

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

PRAKTIKUM I

UNSUR ALKALI DAN ALKALI TANAH

A. Topik

Warna nyala unsur alkali an alkali !ana"B. Tu#uan

M$%p$la#ari &arna nyala unsur alkali an alkali !ana"

'. Ru%usan Masa"

D)"0a" $)&i'a+ &a+a* b)&aka"0 /a"0 +)&a' (ik)$kaka" $aka b)b)*apa $a%a&a' /a"0(apa+ ka$i *$%ka" (a" aka" (iba'a% (a&a$ &apo*a" i"i a(a&a' 9

1. Ba0ai$a"a "/a&a %)"/a7a &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a':D. Lanasan T$ori

A. Logam Alkali

U"%*-"%* (a&a$ %i%+)$ p)*io(ik /a"0 b)*%ia+ &o0a$ /ai+ "%*-"%* 0o&o"0a"

% A&ka&i ; 0o&o"0a" 1 (a" a&ka&i +a"a' ; 0o&o"0a" 25 %)ba0ia" 0o&o"0a" p $i%a&"/a

a&$i"i$ ; 0o&o"0a" 13 S" (a" Pb ; 0o&o"0a" 145 "%*-"%* +*a"%i%i 0o&o"0a" (

Go&o"0a" 3-115 %)#a*a k'%% 0o&o"0a" 12


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"aik"/a "o$o* a+o$. Li+i$ Li5 (apa+ (ipo+o"0 ()"0a" pi%a +)+api ka&i$ K5 (apa+(i*)$a% %)p)*+i $)"+)0a &"ak. S)ba0ia" b)%a* &o0a$ $)$p"/ai +i+ik &)&)' /a"0%a"0a+ +i"00i +)+api a&ka&i $)$p"/ai +i+ik &)&)' *)"(a' (a" %)$aki" *)"(a' ()"0a""aik"/a "o$o* a+o$.

Da&a$ Tab)& 1. +)*(apa+ b)b)*apa %ia+ i%ika p)"+i"0 (a*i "%* 0*p IA. U"%*-

"%* i"i $)$i&iki (a/a 'a"+a* ko"(k+i=i+a%5 &i%+*ik (a"pa"a% /a"0 +i"00i (i$a"a 'a&i"i $)*paka" %ia+ k'a% (a*i &o0a$. Pipa /a"0 (ii%i "a+*i$ Na5 (i0"aka" "+k

p)"0'a"+a* ko"(k+o*5 &i%+*ik /a"0 p)"()k b)*%ka&a b)%a*. Na+*i$ Na5 /a"0 $)&)&)'

(i0"aka" %)ba0ai &i(a p)$i"(a' p)"+*a"%)*5 pa"a% (a&a$ b)b)*apa *)ak+o* "k&i*.Ta($l ). Si*a! *isika lo+a% alkali ,!ak !$r%asuk *ransiu%-

Li Na K R( 's

Ti+ik &)&)' o6 1>1 > 4 3 2Ti+ik (i(i' o6 133 >>1 ? 4 ?

Rapa+a" 08#$ ,@4 ,? ,>? 1@3 1>>Di%+*ib%i )&)k+*o" 21 2> 2> 2> 2>

E")*0i p)"0io"a" ) @4 @1 43 42 3a*i-!a*i a+o$ Ao 134 1@4 1 21 23@a*i-!a*i io" Ao ,, ,@ 133 14> 1

K))&)k+*o")0a+ia" 1, , ,> ,> ,?S+*k+* k*i%+a& b## B## b## B## B##

M)"*+ K*i%+ia" H. S0i/a*+o 2,,35 b)b)*apa %ia+ $$ %)"/a7a &o0a$ a&ka&i

/ai+ p)*%ia+a" /a"0 b)*kai+a" ()"0a" ka*ak+)* io"ik k)%+abi&a" a"io"-a"io" b)%a*

b)*$a+a" *)"(a' 'i(*a%i io" (a" k)&a*+a" %)ba0ai$a"a (i*aika" b)*ik+ i"i.1. Ka*ak+)* io"ik io" &o0a$ a&ka&i %)&a& $)$p"/ai +i"0ka+ ok%i(a%i C1 (a"

%)ba0ia" b)%a* %)"/a7aa""/a b)*pa pa(a+a" io"ik (a" %+abi&. S)"/a7aa""/a +i(ak

b)*7a*"a k)#a&i ()"0a" a"io" /a"0 b)*7a*"a $i%a&"/a k*o$a+ 6*O42-5 (a"

p)*$a"0a"a+ M"O4-5.2. Hi(*a%i io" %)$aki" +i"00i ()"%i+a% $a+a" io" %)$aki" ka+ io" +)*'i(*a%i ka*)"a

&o0a$-&o0a$ a&ka&i $)$p"/ai ()"%i+a% /a"0 %a"0a+ *)"(a' (a*ipa(a ()"%i+a% &o0a$-

&o0a$ pa(a $$"/a $aka )")*0i 'i(*a%i %)"/a7aa" &o0a$ a&ka&i !0a %a"0a+ *)"(a'.

U"+k io" &i+i$ LiC5 $i%a&"/a $)$p"/ai )")*0i 'i(*a%i %)b)%a* @1 k8$o&

%)(a"0ka" "+k io" $a0")%i$ M02C5 )")*0i"/a 12, k8$o&. K)#)"()*"0a" )")*0i

'i(*a%i i"i /ai+ %)$aki" $)"0)#i& ()"0a" "aik"/a !a*i-!a*i io".3. K)&a*+a" %)ba0ia" b)%a* %)"/a7aa" &o0a$ a&ka&i &a*+ (a&a$ $)(i$ ai*

7a&ap" k)&a*+a""/a b)*b)(a-b)(a. S)ba0ai #o"+o' &a*+a" !)"' &i+i$ k&o*i(a

Li6&5 $)$p"/ai ko"%)"+*a%i 14 $o&8L +)+api &a*+a" !)"' &i+i$ ka*bo"a+ Li26O35

$)$p"/ai ko"%)"+*a%i 'a"/a ,1> $o&8L. B. Logam Alkali Tanah

Go&o"0a" a&ka&i +a"a' +)*(i*i a+a% b)*i&i$ B)5 $a0")%i$ M05 ka&%i$ 6a5

%+*o"%i$ S*5 ba*i$ Ba5 (a" *a(i$ Ra5. A"00o+a p)*+a$a b)*i&i$ B)5 b)*%ia+

$)"()ka+i %)$i-&o0a$ (a" a"00o+a +)*ak'i* *a(i$ Ra5 b)*%ia+ *a(ioak+i %)'i"00a

%ia+-%ia+ ki$ia"/a +i(ak ba"/ak (ik)+a'i %)#a*a $)"(a&a$.

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Lo0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*7a*"a p+i' k)p)*aka" (a" $)$p"/ai ()"%i+a% *apa+a"5

*)&a+i *)"(a' /a"0 %)$aki" b)%a* ()"0a" "aik"/a "o$o* a+o$ k)#a&i ka&%i$ 6a5

Tab)& 25. Ika+a" $)+a&ik &o0a$-&o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' &)bi' ka+ (a*ipa(a ika+a" $)+a&ik

&o0a$ a&ka&i %)ba0ai$a"a (i+"!kka" o&)' (a+a )"+a&pi a+o$i%a%i (a+a +i+ik &)&)' (a"

k)k)*a%a" /a"0 &)bi' b)%a* p&a. a&ap" ()"%i+a% "aik ()"0a" "aik"/a "o$o* a+o$

%)p)*+i 'a&"/a 0o&o"0a" a&ka&i +i+ik &)&)' (a" )"+a&pi a+o$i%a%i b)*ba' 'a"/a %)(iki+

%a!a b)*b)(a (a*i 0o&o"0a" a&ka&i. Lo0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' k*a"0 *)ak+i a*+i"/a k*a"0

)&)k+*opo%i+i (a*ipa(a &o0a$ a&ka&i "a$" &)bi' *)ak+i (a*ipa(a &o0a$-&o0a$ /a"0

&ai".B)*ba0ai (a+a i%i% &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (ib)*ika" (a&a$ +ab)& 2. (a*i b)*i&i$ B)5

k) ba*i$ Ba5 !a*i-!a*i a+o$ $)"i"0ka+ %)#a*a b)*a+*a". P)*+a$ba'a" !a*i-!a*i

$)"/)babka" p)"*"a" )")*0i p)"0io"a" (a" k))&)k+*o")0a+ia". Po+)"%ia& )&)k+*o()

!0a $)"i"0ka+ (a*i ka&%i$ 6a5 k) ba*i$ Ba5 aka" +)+api b)*i&i$ B)5

$)""!kka" p)"/i$pa"0a" ka*)"a po+)"%ia& )&)k+o()"/a *)&a+i k)#i&. Ha& i+

(i%)babka" )")*0i io"i%a%i b)*i&i$ B)5 +i"0ka+ p)*+a$a C +i"0ka+ k)(a5 *)&a+i b)%a*.

Ti+ik #ai* (a" +i+ik (i(i' #)"()*"0 $)"*" (a*i a+a% k) ba7a'. Sia+-%ia+ i%i% %)p)*+i

+i+ik #ai* *apa+a" (a" k)k)*a%a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' &)bi' b)%a* !ika (iba"(i"0ka"

()"0a" &o0a$ a&ka&i %)p)*io(). Ha& i+ (i%)babka" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' $)$p"/ai (a

)&)k+*o" =a&)"%i %)'i"00a ika+a" &o0a$"/a &)bi' ka+.Ta($l . Da!a *isis lo+a% alkali !ana"

Si*a! B$ M+ 'a Sr Ba

No$o* a+o$ 4 12 2, 3> @Ko"i0*a%i )&)k+*o" 2%2 3%2 4%2 @%2 %2

Ti+ik #ai* o65 12?> 4 >3 ? ?2@Ti+ik (i(i' o65 2?, 1,, 14>4 13>4 14,

Rapa+a" ()"%i+a%5 0*8#$3 1>@ 1?4 1@4 2 3@1E")*0i p)"0io"a" p)*+a$a k8$o&

> ?3> @, @, @,3

K)(a k8$o& 1?@? 14@1 114@ 1,4 @K)+i0a k8$o& 14>4> ??33 412 421, 343,

K))&)k+*o")0a+ia" %ka&aPa&i"0

1@ 12 1 1 ,

Po+)"%ia& *)(k%i %+a"(a* -1? -23> -2? -2> -2

a*i-!a*i a+o$ A 111 1 1? 21@ 21?a*i-!a*i io" A ,3 ,@ , 113 13@K)k)*a%a" %ka&a Mo'%5 @ 2 1@ 1> 2

a*"a "/a&aTi(ak a(a

Ti(ak a(a

i"00a$)*a'

M)*a' Hi!a

S)$a %)"/a7a (a*i ka&%i$ 6a5 %+*o"%i$ S*5 (a" ba*i$ Ba5 /ai+ &o0a$

a&ka&i +a"a' /a"0 ba0ia" ba7a' b)*b)"+k %)"/a7a io" %)(a"0ka" %)"/a7a-

%)"/a7a b)*i&i$ B)5 (a" %)"/a7a-%)"/a7a $a0")%i$ M05 b)*%ia+ ko=a&)".

Sia+ ki$ia &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*$i*ipa" ()"0a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +)+api &o0a$ a&ka&i

6


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+a"a' k*a"0 *)ak+i (a*i &o0a$ a&ka&i %)p)*io(). a(i b)*i&i$ B)5 k*a"0 *)ak+i

(iba"(i"0ka" +)*'a(ap &i+i$ Li5 $a0")%i$ M05 k*a"0 *)ak+i (iba"(i"0ka"

+)*'a(ap "a+*i$ Na5 (a" %)+)*%"/a. Ha& i+ (i%)babka" !a*i-!a*i a+o$ &o0a$ a&ka&i

+a"a' &)bi' k)#i& %)'i"00a )")*0i p)"0io"a" &)bi' b)%a*. La0i p&a &o0a$ a&ka&i

+a"a' $)$p"/ai (a )&)k+*o" =a&)"%i %)(a"0ka" &o0a$ a&ka&i 'a"/a %a+.

K)*)ak+ia" ka&%i$ 6a5 %*o"%i$ S*5 (a" ba*i$ Ba5 +i(ak +)*&a& b)*b)(a (a*i

&o0a$ a&ka&i +)+api b)*i&i$ B)5 (a" $a0")%i$ M05 !a' k*a"0 ak+i. B)b)*apa

*)ak%i &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*ik+ $)"00a$ba*ka" k)#)"(*"0a" %ia+ "%*-"%*

i+.1. R)ak%i ()"0a" ai* H2O5

Ka&%i$ 6a5 %+*o"%i$ S*5 (a" ba*i$ Ba5 b)*)ak%i baik ()"0a" ai*

H2O5 $)$b)"+k ba%a (a" 0a% 'i(*o0)" H25. Ma0")%i$ M05 b)*)ak%i

%a"0a+ &a$ba+ ()"0a" ai* H2O5 (i"0i" (a" %)(iki+ &)bi' baik ()"0a" ai*

H2O5 pa"a% %)(a"0ka" b)*i&i$ B)5 +i(ak b)*)ak%i.M(s) C 2H2O(l) à MOH52(aq) C H2(g)M ; M0 6a S* Ba (a" Ra5

2. R)ak%i ()"0a" (a*aS)$a &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' +)*ko*o%i +)*% $)")*% (i (a*a $)$b)"+k

ok%i(a 'i(*ok%i(a a+a ka*bo"a+ k)#a&i b)*i&i$ B)5 (a" $a0")%i$

M05. B)*i&i$ B)5 (a" $a0")%i$ M05 !0a b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ok%i0)" (i

(a*a +)+api &api%a" ok%i(a /a"0 +)*b)"+k $)&)ka+ pa(a p)*$kaa" &o0a$

%)'i"00a $)"0'a$ba+ ko*o%i b)*&a"!+. Apabi&a (ipa"a%ka" ka+ %)$a

&o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' +)*$a%k b)*i&i$ B)5 (a" $a0")%i$ M05 +)*baka*

(i (a*a $)$b)"+k ok%i(a (a" "i+*i(a.2M(s) C O2(g) à 2MO(s)3M(s) C N2(g) à M3 N2

3. R)ak%i ()"0a" 'a&o0)" 25S)$a &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*)ak%i ()"0a" 'a&o0)" $)$b)"+k 0a*a$

'a&i(a.M(s) C 2(g) à M2(s)L)&)'a" 'a&i(a (a*i b)*i&i$ B)5 $)$p"/ai (a/a 'a"+a* &i%+*ik /a"0 b*k.

Ha& i+ $)""!kka" ba'7a 'a&i(a b)*i&i$ B)25 b)*%ia+ ko=a&)".4. R)ak%i ()"0a" a%a$ (a" ba%a

S)$a &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*)ak%i ()"0a" a%a$ ka+ %)p)*+i a%a$ k&o*i(a

H6&5 $)$b)"+k 0a*a$ (a" 0a% 'i(*o0)" H25. R)ak%i $aki" ')ba+ (a*i

b)*i&i$ B)5 k) ba*i$ Ba5.M(s) C 2H6&(aq) à M6&2(aq) C H2(g)B)*i&i$ B)5 !0a b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ba%a ka+ $)$b)"+k b)*i&i$

'i(*ok%i(a B)OH542-5 (a" 0a% 'i(*o0)" H25B)(s) C 2NaOH(aq) C 2H2O(l) à Na2B)OH54(aq) C H 2(g)C. Reaksi nyala logam alkali dan alkali tanah

7


8/21

Sa&a' %a+ #i*i k'a% (a*i %a+ "%* ia&a' %p)k+*$ )$i%i"/a. U"%* /a"0

+)*)k%i+a%i ka*)"a p)$a"a%a" a+ap" ka*)"a %)bab &ai"/a $)$a"#a*ka" *a(ia%i

)&)k+*o$a0")+ik /a"0 (i%)b+ %p)k+*$ )$i%i. Sp)k+*$ )$i%i +)*a$a+i %)ba0ai

pa"#a*a" #a'a/a ()"0a" 7a*"a +)*+)"+ aka" +)+api %)%"00'"/a i+ +)*(i*i a+a%

b)b)*apa 0a*i% 7a*"a pa"!a"0 0)&o$ba"05 /a"0 k'a% ba0i %)+iap "%*. Ka*)"a

k)"ika""/a %p)k+*$ )$i%i (apa+ (i0"aka" "+k $)"0)"a&i %a+ "%*. U"%*-

"%* &o0a$ (apa+ (i)k%i+a%ika" ()"0a" $)$a"a%ka"8$)$baka* %)"/a7a"/a pa(a

"/a&a api $i%a&"/a pa(a p)$baka* b"%)" a+a p)$baka* %pi*i+%. Aka" &)bi' baik !ika

/a"0 (i0"aka" 0a*a$ k&o*i(a ka*)"a *)&a+i $(a' $)"0ap. a*"a "/a&a &o0a$

a&ka&i (ib)*ika" pa(a +ab)& 4.Ta($l /. Warna nyala unsur0unsur alkali an alkali !ana"

Unsur Warna Nyala Unsur Warna Nyala

Li+i$ M)*a' B)*i&i$ P+i'

Na+*i$ K"i"0Ma0")%i

$P+i'

Ka&i$ U"0 Ka&%i$ i"00a-$)*a'Rbi(i$ M)*a' S+*o"%i$ M)*a'

S)%i$ Bi* Ba*i$ Hi!a

S)p)*+i /a"0 (i+"!kka" (a&a$ Tab)& 4 "%* IA (a" IIA $)$b)*i 7a*"a-7a*"a

/a"0 k'a% pa(a "/a&a api bia%a. Da&a$ p)k)*!aa" &abo*a+o*i$ a"a&i+ik !i-!i "/a&a

%)*i"0 (i0"aka" "+k $)"0"0kapka" a(a +i(ak"/a b)*ba0ai "%* a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i

+a"a'. U!i "/a&a k"i"0 +)*'a(ap "a+*i$ Na5 a(a&a' %a&a' %a+ /a"0 pa&i"0 p)ka

"a+*i$ Na5 /a"0 &)bi' %)(iki+ (a*ipa(a %a+ ba0ia" p)* $i&/a* ba0ia" p)&a*+ 1 ppb5

bi%a (i()+)k%i.

D. Kelarutan

P)"0)*+ia" k)&a*+a" (i0"aka" (a&a$ b)b)*apa pa'a$. K)&a*+a" $)"/a+aka"

p)"0)*+ia" %)#a*a ka&i+a+i (a*i p*o%)% &a*+a". K)&a*+a" !0a (i0"aka" %)#a*a

ka"+i+a+i "+k $)"/a+aka" ko$po%i%i (a*i &a*+a". Sa+ &a*+a" (i"/a+aka"

$)*paka" larutan tidak jenuh !ika %o&+ (apa+ (i+a$ba'ka" "+k $)$p)*o&)'

b)*ba0ai &a*+a" /a"0 b)*b)(a (a&a$ ko"%)"+*a%i"/a. Da&a$ ba"/ak 'a& +)*"/a+a

p*o%)% p)"a$ba'a" %o&+ +i(ak (apa+ b)*&a"0%"0 %)#a*a +i(ak +)*ba+a%. Sa+ k)a(aa"

aka" (i#apai (i$a"a p)"a$ba'a" %o&+ pa(a %)!$&a' %o&=)" /a"0 +)*+)"+ +i(ak aka"

$)"0'a%i&ka" &a*+a" &ai" /a"0 $)$p"/ai ko"%)"+*a%i &)bi' +i"00i. Pa(a k)a(aa" i"i

%o&+) +)+ap +i(ak &a*+. Hi"00a ()$ikia" a(a ba+a% !$&a' +)*+)"+ (a*i %o&+ /a"0 (apa+

+)*&a*+ (a&a$ !$&a' %o&=)" /a"0 +)*+)"+. La*+a" /a"0 (a&a$ k)a(aa" +)*ba+a% i"i

8


9/21

(i%)b+ larutan jenuh (a" ko"%)"+*a%i (a*i &a*+a" !)"' (i%)b+ k)&a*+a" (a*i %)!$&a'

%o&+ (a&a$ !$&a' %o&=)" +)*+)"+ /a"0 (i0"aka".Sa&a' %a+ p)*b)(aa" &o0a$ a&ka&i (a*i a&ka&i +a"a' a(a&a' (a&a$ 'a& k)&a*+a"

%)"/a7a"/a. S)"/a7a &o0a$ a&ka&i pa(a $"/a $(a' &a*+ (a&a$ ai* H2O5

%)(a"0ka" %)"/a7a &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' ba"/ak /a"0 %ka* &a*+. B)b)*apa (i a"+a*a"/a

(ib)*ika" pa(a +ab)& 3.Ta($l 1. !$!apan "asil kali k$laru!an ,Ksp- s$nya&a0s$nyaa&a alkali !ana"

A"io"

Ka+io"

OH- SO42- 6*O42- 6O32- 62O42-

B)2C 2 1,-1> b)%a*5 b)%a*5 - k)#i&5

M02C1> 1,-

11 b)%a*5 b)%a*5 1 1,-@ > 1,-@

6a2C @.@ 1,

-

.1 1,- ?.1 1,-4 2.> 1,- 2 1,-

S* 2C3.2 1,-

4 ?. 1,-? 3. 1,-@

1.1. 1,-

1, 2 1,-?

Ba2C @ 1,-31.1 1,-

1,

1.2 1,-

1, @.1 1,- 1. 1,-?

*) Hanya dikenal garam hidroksi karbonat, Be(OH)2.BeCO3 , yang sukar larut BeCO3

tidak dikenal.

B)*(a%a*ka" (a+a +)*%)b+ (apa+ (i%i$p&ka" b)b)*apa 'a& b)*ik+9

1. K)&a*+a" ba%a b)*+a$ba' (a*i b)*i&i$ 'i(*ok%i(a B)OH525 k) ba*i$ 'i(*ok%i(aBaOH525. Da&a$ 'a& i"i b)*i&i$ 'i(*ok%i(a B)OH525 (a" $a0")%i$

'i(*ok%i(a M0OH525 +)*0o&o"0 %ka* &a*+ ka&%i$ 'i(*ok%i(a 6aOH525 %)(iki+

&a*+ %)(a"0ka" %+*o"%i$ 'i(*ok%i(a S*OH525 (a" ba*i$ 'i(*ok%i(a BaOH525

$(a' &a*+.2. K)&a*+a" 0a*a$ %&a+ b)*k*a"0 (a*i b)*i&i$ %&a+ B)SO45 k) ba*i$ %&a+

BaSO45. Da&a$ 'a& i"i b)*i&i$ %&a+ B)SO45 (a" $a0")%i$ %&a+ M0SO45

+)*0o&o"0 $(a' &a*+ ka&%i$ %&a+ 6aSO45 %)(iki+ &a*+ %)(a"0ka" %+*o"%i$

%&a+ S*SO45 (a" ba*i$ %&a+ BaSO45 %ka* &a*+.3. K)&a*+a" 0a*a$ k*o$a+ b)*k*a"0 (a*i b)*i&i$ k*o$a+ B)6*O45 k) ba*i$

k*o$a+ Ba6*O45. Da&a$ 'a& i"i b)*i&i$ k*o$a+ B)6*O45 $a0")%i$ k*o$a+

M06*O45 %)*+a ka&%i$ k*o$a+ 6a6*O45 +)*0o&o"0 $(a' &a*+ %+*o"%i$ k*o$a+

S*6*O45 %)(iki+ &a*+ %)(a"0ka" ba*i$ k*o$a+ Ba6*O45 %ka* &a*+.4. S)$a 0a*a$ ka*bo"a+ %ka* &a*+.@. S)$a 0a*a$ ok%a&a+ %ka* &a*+ k)#a&i $a0")%i$ ok%a&a+ M062O45 %)(iki+

&a*+.

P)*b)(aa" k)&a*+a" %)"/a7a a&ka&i +a"a' (apa+ (i0"aka" "+k p)$i%a'a"

a+a i()"+iika%i io" a&ka&i +a"a'.

E. M$!o$ P$n$li!ian

a. Ala! an Ba"an

P&a+ +)+)% @ ba'5 G)&a% Ki$ia 2 ba'5 Ka7a+ "ik*o$ 1 ba'5 P)$baka* %pi*i+% 1 ba'5

K*i%+a& Na6& 1 0*a$5 K*i%+a& K6& 1 0*a$5

9


10/21

K*i%+a& 6a6&2 1 0*a$5 K*i%+a& S*6&2 1 0*a$5 K*i%+a& Ba6&2 1 0*a$5 A%a$ k&o*i(a H6&5 p)ka+ 1, $L5

(. 'ara K$r#a

a5 T)$pa+ka" 1 0* k*i%+a& Na6& pa(a #a7a" p)+*i. b5 Ta"0ka" a%a$ k&o*i(a p)ka+ k)(a&a$ 2 0)&a% ki$ia $a%i"0-$a%i"0 %)ba"/ak 1$L.

#5 6)&pka" !"0 ka7a+ "ik*o$ k) (a&a$ H6& p)ka+ (a&a$ %a&a' %a+ 0)&a% ki$iai+.K)$(ia"pa"a%ka" (a&a$ p)$baka* %pi*i+% 'i"00a b)*%i'/ai+ +i(ak$)$b)*ika" 7a*"a "/a&a &ai".

(5 6)&pka" ka7a+ "ik*o$ i+ k) (a&a$ 0)&a% ki$ia /a"0 &ai".K)$(ia"$a%kka"ka7a+ "ik*o$ k) (a&a$ k*i%+a& Na6&.S)&a"!+"/abaka*&a' !"0 ka7a+ "ik*o$ i+(a" #a+a+&a' 7a*"a "/a&a /a"0 +)*!a(i.

)5 U&a"0i k)0ia+a" 1- 4 "+k k*i%+a& K6&6a6&2S*6&2(a" Ba6&2.2. Hasil P$n+a%a!an

No. Gara% Alkali an Alkali Tana" Warna

1. Na+*i$ k&o*i(a Na6&5 K"i"0 k)$)*a'a"2. K6& U"03. Ka&%i$ k&o*i(a 6a6&25 M)*a'4. S+*o"%i$ k&o*i(a S*6&25 M)*a' ba+a@. Ba*i$ k&o*i(a Ba6&25 Hi!a K)k"i"0a"

. Analisa Da!a an P$%(a"asan

Pa(a p*ak+ik$ i"i (i&akka" p)*#obaa" "+k $)")"+ka" 7a*"a "/a&a (a*i

&o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' %)*+a k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ b)b)*apa

p)*)ak%i /a"0 b)*b)(a. P)*#obaa" p)*+a$a (i&akka" "+k $)"0!i 7a*"a /a"0

(i'a%i&ka" o&)' &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ "/a&a api. P)$b)*%i'a" ka7a+

(i&akka" ()"0a" p)"#)&pa" ka7a+ k) (a&a$ &a*+a" a%a$ k&o*i(a H6&5 (i$a"a

&a*+a" i"i b)*"0%i "+k $)$b)*%i'ka" ko+o*a" /a"0 $)&)ka+ pa(a ka7a+ o%)

%)&ai" i+ &a*+a" a%a$ k&o*i(a H6&5 +i(ak $)"0'a%i&ka" 7a*"a "/a&a %aa+ (i&akka"

p)$i!a*a" (i a+a% "/a&a api %)'i"00a +i(ak aka" $)$p)"0a*'i 'a%i& p)"0a$a+a" !i

"/a&a "a"+i"/a. P)"#)&pa" (i&a"!+ka" k) (a&a$ &a*+a" !i "a+*i$ k&o*i(a Na6&5

$a0")%i$ k&o*i(a M06&25 ka&%i$ k&o*i(a 6a6&25 %+*o"%i$ k&o*i(a S*6&25 (a"

ba*i$ k&o*i(a Ba6&25 /a"0 (i&akka" %a+ p)* %a+ %)+)&a' $)&akka"

p)$b)*%i'a" pa(a ka7a+ o%) ()"0a" &a*+a" a%a$ k&o*i(a H6&5. F"0%i (a*i &a*+a"

!i a(a&a' "+k $)"0)+a'i 7a*"a /a"0 (i'a%i&ka" o&)' &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i

+a"a' (i$a"a pa(a !i "/a&a %)ba' "%* /a"0 $)"0a&a$i p)$a"a%a" aka"

$)"0a&a$i )k%i+a%i %)'i"00a $)$a"#a*ka" *a(ia%i )&)k+*o$a0")+ik /a"0 (i%)b+

%p)k+*$ )$i%i.B)*(a%a*ka" 'a%i& p)"0a$a+a" "a+*i$ k&o*i(a Na6&5 $)"0'a%i&ka" 7a*"a

k"i"0 k)$)*a'a" $a0")%i$ k&o*i(a M06&25 b)*7a*"a "0 ka&%i$ k&o*i(a

6a6&25 b)*7a*"a $)*a' %+*o"%i$ k&o*i(a S*6&25 b)*7a*"a $)*a' ba+a (a" ba*i$

10


11/21

k&o*i(a Ba6&25 b)*7a*"a 'i!a k)k"i"0a".Ha%i& /a"0 (ip)*o&)' i"i %(a' %)%ai

()"0a" +)o*i (i$a"a "a+*i$ Na5 aka" $)"0'a%i&ka" 7a*"a k"i"0 $a0")%i$

M05 +i(ak $)"0'a%i&ka" 7a*"a a+a b)*7a*"a p+i' ka&%i$ 6a5 b)*7a*"a $)*a'

ba+a %+*o"%i$ S*5 b)*7a*"a $)*a' +a (a" ba*i$ Ba5 b)*7a*"a 'i!a.

a*"a "/a&a pa(a %)+iap &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a' (apa+ p&a (i&i'a+ pa(a +ab)& 4 /a"0 $)""!kka" p)*b)(aa" 7a*"a "/a&a pa(a %)+iap &o0a$ a&aka&i

(a" a&ka&i +a"a'. P)*b)(aa" 7a*"a "/a&a (i%)babka" ka*)"a p)*b)(aa" %p)k+*$

)$i%i /a"0 (i'a%i&ka" o&)' %)+iap "%* &o0a$. Ha& i"i (i(a%a*ka" pa(a "o$o* a+o$

(a" %bk&i+ /a"0 (i$i&iki o&)' $a%i"0-$a%i"0 "%* &o0a$. Ek%i+a%i (a*i %bk&i+

% p (a" ( aka" $)$b)*ika" )")*0i /a"0 b)*b)(a %)'i"00a $)"0'a%i&ka" 7a*"a

"/a&a /a"0 b)*b)(a p&a.P)*#obaa" k)(a (i&akka" "+k $)"0)+a'i k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a'

()"0a" p)*)ak%i "a+*i$ 'i(*ok%i(a NaOH5 "a+*i$ %&a+ Na 2SO45 (a" "a+*i$

ka*bo"a+ Na26O35. P)"a$ba'a" p)*)ak%i k) (a&a$ +ab"0 *)ak%i /a"0 +)&a' b)*i%i

&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' b)*"0%i "+k $)""!kka" k)&a*+a" (a*i %)+iap "%*

&o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' +)*'a(ap p)*)ak%i /a"0 (i0"aka".B)*(a%a*ka" 'a%i& p)"0a$a+a" k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ (a&a$

p)*)ak%i 'i(*ok%i(a OH-5 $)"*" ()"0a" "aik"/a "o$o* a+o$ "a$" +)*!a(i p)"/i$pa"0a" pa(a &a*+a" $a0")%i$ k&o*i(a M06&25 /a"0 %)(iki+ &a*+.K)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' ()"0a" p)*)ak%i "a+*i$ %&a+ Na2SO45 $)"*" (a*ia+a% k) ba7a' b)0i+ p&a k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ p)*)ak%i "a+*i$ka*bo"a+ Na26O35 /a"0 $)"*" (a*i a+a% k) ba7a'.

Ha%i& /a"0 (ip)*o&)' +i(ak %)%ai ()"0a" +)o*i (i$a"a k)&a*+a" &o0a$

a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ "a+*i$ 'i(*ok%i(a NaOH5 %)'a*%"/a b)*+a$ba' (a*i

$a0")%i$ 'i(*ok%i(a M0OH525 k) ba*i$ 'i(*ok%i(a BaOH525. T)o*i k)&a*+a"

&o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ "a+*i$ %&a+ Na2SO45 +)&a' %)%ai ()"0a" +)o*i (i$a"a

k)&a*+a" 0a*a$ %&a+ b)*k*a"0 (a*i $a0")%i$ %&a+ M0SO 45 k) ba*i$ %&a+

BaSO45. T)o*i k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a' (a&a$ "a+*i$ ka*bo"a+ Na 26O35 +i(ak

%)%ai ka*)"a b)*(a%a*ka" +)o*i %)$a 0a*a$ ka*bo"a+ %ka* &a*+.

P)*b)(aa" /a"0 (i'a%i&ka" o&)' 'a%i& p)"0a$a+a" (a" +)o*i i"i $"0ki"

(i%)babka" ka*)"a &a*+a" %a$p)& (a" p)*)ak%i /a"0 %(a' +i(ak ba0% (i$a"a

&a*+a" %a$p)& %)p)*+i ba*i$ k&o*i(a Ba6&25 +)&a' +)*(apa+ )"(apa" %)b)&$

(i+a$ba'ka" p)*)ak%i %)'i"00a %)+)&a' p)"a$ba'a" p)*)ak%i &a*+a" +i(ak aka"

(apa+ &a*+ ()"0a" p)*)ak%i +)*%)b+.

$. P$r!anyaan an 3a&a(an

P)*+a"/aa" 9 Ba0ai$a"a "/a&a %)"/a7a &o0a$ a&ka&i (a" a&ka&i +a"a':a7aba" 9 B)*(a%a*ka" p)*#obaa" /a"0 +)&a' (i&akka" (apa+(ik)+a'i ba'7a7a*"a "/a&a %)"/a7a Na6& a(a&a' k"i"0 k)$)*a'a" K6& a(a&a' "0 Ba6&2

a(a&a' 'i!a k)k"i"0a" 6a6&2 a(a&a' $)*a' (a" S*6&2 a(a&a' $)*a' ba+a.

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4. K$si%pulan an Saran

a. K$si%pulan

K)%i$p&a" (a*i p)*#obaa" i"i /ai+ %)ba0ai b)*ik+ 9a*"a "/a&a /a"0 (i'a%i&ka" o&)' %)+iap %a$p)& a(a&a' 9a. Na+*i$ Na5 ; k"i"0 k)$)*a'a" b. Ka&i$ K5 ; "0

#. Ka&%i$ 6a5 ; $)*a'(. S+*o"%i$ S*5 ; $)*a' ba+a). Ba*i$ Ba5 ; 'i!a k)k"i"0a"

(. Saran

Sa*a" (a*i p)*#obaa" i"i a(a&a' %)baik"/a pa(a p)*#obaa" b)*ik+"/a

(i0"aka" p)*)ak%i &ai" %)p)*+i p)*)ak%i k*o$a+ 6*O42-5 a+a ok%a&a+ 62O42-5 "+k

$)"0)+a'i k)&a*+a" &o0a$ a&ka&i +a"a'.

PRAKTIKUM II

UNSUR PERIODE KETIGA

A. Topik

Unsur p$rio$ k$!i+a

B. Tu#uan

M$%p$la#ari k$!$ra!uran si*a! unsur p$rio$ k$!i+a

'. P$ru%usan Masala"D)"0a" $)&i'a+ &a+a* b)&aka"0 /a"0 +)&a' (ik)$kaka" $aka b)b)*apa $a%a&a' /a"0(apa+ ka$i *$%ka" (a" aka" (iba'a% (a&a$ &apo*a" i"i a(a&a' 91. Ba0ai$a"aka' k)+)*a+*a" %ia+ "%* p)*io() k)+i0a:

D. Lanasan T$ori

A. Si*a!0Si*a! Unsur P$rio$ K$!i+a

U"%* J "%* p)*io() k)+i0a +)*(i*i a+a% N a M0 A& Si P S 6& (a" A* . Ha*0a

k))&)k+*o")0a+ia" "%* p)*io() k)+i0a (a*i ki*i k) ka"a" %)$aki" b)%a* (a" %)ba&ik"/a

'a*0a k))&)k+*opo%i+ia" %)$aki" k)#i&. Ha& i"i (i%)babka" o&)' 'a*0a k))&)k+*o")0a+ia"

%)$aki" b)%a* %)'i"00a %)$aki" $(a' $)$b)"+k io" ")0a+i=).

Tab&) 3-13 (a+a %ia+ p)*io(ik "%*-"%* p)*io() k)+i0a

Sia+ S)"/a7a Na M0 A& Si P S 6& A*

No$o* a+o$ 11 12 13 14 1@ 1 1? 1>E&)k+*o" =a&)"%i 3@ 3@2 3@23p1 3@2 p32 3@23p3 3@23p4 3@23p@ 3@23p

a*i-!a*i a+o$ 1> 1, 143 11? 11, 1,4 , ,?E")*0i io"i%a%iK!8$a5 4@> ?3?? @?? ?>4 1,11? 12@11 1@2,4K))&)k+*o")0a+ia" ,3 131 11 1, 21 2@> 31 -

B)*(a%a*ka" +ab)& +)*%)b+ a"(a (apa+ $)"0)+a'i ba'7a (a*i ki*i k) ka"a" !$&a'

)&)k+*o" =a&)"%i %)$aki" ba"/ak %)(a"0ka" !$&a' k&i+"/a +)+ap. Akiba+"/a !a*i-!a*i

a+o$ %)$aki" k)#i& %)'i"00a %)$aki" %ka* $)&)pa%ka" )&)k+*o" io"i%a%i"/a %)$aki"

b)%a*5.

). Si*a! 4isik Unsur P$rio$ K$!i+a

Tab&) 3.14 +i+ik &)&)' (a" +i+ik (i(i' "%* p)*io() k) +i0a

Sia+ S)"/a7a Na M0 A& Si P S 6& A*

Ti+ik &)&)' ,65 ?>1 4>> ,3?

141, 441 11, -1,,> -1>2

Ti+ik (i(i' ,3> 11,@ 24? 23@@ 2>, 44? -34 -1>@?

B)*(a%a*ka" +ab)& (i a+a% +)&a' (ik)+a'i ba'7a "%* Na M0 A& Si P S b)*7!( pa(a+ pa(a %' ka$a* ka*)"a "%*-"%* +)*%)b+ $)$i&iki 'a*0a +.&5 (a" +.(5 (i a+a% %'

12


13/21

*a"0a" (i a+a% 2@,65. S)(a"0ka" "%* 6& (a" A* b)*7!( 0a% ka*)"a $)$i&iki +.&5 (a"

+.(5 (i ba7a' %' *a"0a".

Da&a$ p)*io() k)+i0a &)+ak &o0a$ (i%)b)&a' ki*i $aki" k) ki*i %ia+ &o0a$ %)$aki" *)ak+i Na M0 A&. a(i Na pa&i"0 *)ak+i. Bka" &o0a$ +)*&)+ak %)b)&a' ka"a" $aki" k)

ka"a" %ia+ bka" &o0a$"/a $aki" ka+ a @ P Si. K&o* pa&i"0 *)ak+i (a" Si pa&i"0

+i(ak *)ak+i. a(i "%* p)*io() k)+i0a (a*i Na k) 6& %ia+ &o0a$"/a $aki" b)*+a$ba'.

. Si*a! Ki%ia Unsur P$rio$ K$!i+a

U"%* J "%* p)*io() k)+i0a $)$i&iki k)+)*a+*a" %ia+ %)#a*a b)**+a" (a*i ki*i k)ka"a"

%)ba0ai b)*ik+ 9

a. Sia+ p*)(k%i b)*k*a"0 (a" %ia+ p)"0ok%i(a%i b)*+a$ba'

(. Sia+ &o0a$ %)$aki" &)$a' (a" %ia+ "o"&o0a$ %)$aki" ka+

2. Sia+ ba%a %)$aki" &)$a' (a" %ia+ a%a$ %)$aki" ka+

1. Si*a! P$r$uksi an Si*a! P$n+oksiasi

Sia+ p)*)(k%i %)$aki" b)*+a$ba' %)(a"0ka" %ia+ p)"0ok%i(a%i "%*)-"%* p)*io()

k) +i0a i"i (apa+ a"(a &i'a+ (a*i 'a*0a po+)"%ia& *)(k%i"/a.

Tab&) 3.1@ po+)"%ia& *)(k%i %+a"(a*+ "%*-"%* p)*io() k)+i0a.

Sia+ S)"/a7a Na M0 A& Si P S 6& A* -2?11 -23?@ -1?, -,13 -,2? -,@,> C13@> -

Da*i ki*i k) ka"a" "%* p)*io() k)+i0a $)$i&iki 'a*0a po+)"%ia& *)(k%i @ %+a"(a*+

/a"0 %)$aki" po%i+i %)'i"00a %ia+ p)*)(k%i"/a %)$aki" b)*k*a"0 (a" %ia+

p)"0ok%i(a%i"/a %)$aki" b)*+a$ba'.

Na+*i$ $)*paka" p)*)(k%i /a"0 *)ak+i +)*'a(ap ai*. Sia+ p)*)(k%i $a0")%i$

&)bi' &)$a' (iba"(i"0ka" "a+*i$. S)'i"00a &o0a$ M0 'a"/a (apa+ b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ai*

pa"a%.

6o"+o' 92Na @5 C 2H O &5 2Na OH a05 C H2 05

M0 @5 C H2O &5 +i(ak b)*)ak%i5

M0 @5 C 2H2O &5 pa"a% M0 OH52 C H2 05

A& @5 C H2O &5 +i(ak b)*)ak%i5

2A& @5 C 3H2O 05 pa"a% A&2 O3 @5 C 3H2 05

S)(a"0ka" %i&i#o" $)$i&iki %ia+ p)*)(k%i &)bi' &)$a' (iba"(i"0ka" a&$i"i$

%)'i"00a %i&i#o" /a"0 b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ok%i(a+o* ka+ %)p)*+i ok%i0)" (a" k&o*i".

6o"+o' 9Si @5 C O2 05 Si O2 @5

Si @5 C 26&2 05 Si 6&4 &5

/. Si*a! Lo+a% an Nonlo+a%

U"%*-"%* p)*io() k)+i0a %)p)*+i Na M0 (a" A& $)*paka" "%* &o0a$ %)(a"0ka"

"%*-"%* P S (a" 6& $)*paka" "%* "o"&o0a$. A(ap" Si $)*paka" "%* /a"0

$)$i&iki %ia+ p)*a&i'a" a"+a*a "%* &o0a$ (a" "o"&o0a$ %)'i"00a (i%)b+ "%*

$)+a&&oi( %)$i &o0a$5. A*0o" A*5 +)*$a%k 0o&o"0a" 0a% $&ia /a"0 b)*%ia+ i"%)*+ %&i+

b)*)ak%i5 %)'i"00a +i(ak (iba'a% &)bi' &a"!+ (a&a$ bab i"i.

13


14/21

'. Si*a! Asa%0Basa

Sia+ a%a$ b)*kai+a" ()"0a" %ia+ "o" &o0a$%)(a"0ka" %ia+ ba%a b)*kai+a" ()"0a"

&o0a$. Sia+ ba%a a+a %ia+ a%a$ (a*i %a+ "%*) b)*0a"+"0 pa(a ko"i0*a%i )&)#+*o"

(a" 'a*0a io"i%a%i "%*)-"%* +)*%)b+.

). Si*a! Basa

Da*i ki*i k) ka"a" "%*-"%* p)*io() k)+i0a $)$i&iki 'a*0a io"i%a%i /a"0

%)$aki" b)%a* %)'i"00a %)$aki" %ka* $)&)pa% )&)#+*o". P)"/)bab"/a )&)#+*o" Da*i "%*

+)*%)b+ aka" k*a"0 +)*+a*ik k)a *a' a+a ok%i0)" %)'i"00a k)#)"()*"0a" "+k

$)$b)"+k io" OH $)"!a(i b)*k*a"0.

6o"+o' 9M J OH MC C OH-

a(i (a*i ki*i k)ka"a" %ia+ ba%a %"* p)*io() k)+i0a %)$aki" &)$a'.

. Si*a! Asa%

E")*0i io"i%a%i "%* p)*io() k)+i0a (a*i ki*i k) ka"a" %)$aki" b)%a* %)'i"00a

%)$aki"$(a' $)"a*ik )&)#+*o" (a*i a+o$ ok%i0)". a(i (a*i ki*i k) ka"a %ia+ a%a$ "%*

p)*io() k)+i0a %)$aki" ka+.

6o"+o' 9M J OH MO- C HC

S)"/a7a a%a$ "%* p)*io() k)+i0a /ai+ 9 a%a$ %ika+ H2SiO35 a%a$ o%a+ H3DO45a%a$ %i"a+ H2SO45 (a" a%a$ pak&o*a+ H6O45. S)"/a7a H2SiO3 $)*paka" a%a$

%a"0a+ &)$a' %)'i"00a $(a' +)**ai $)"!a(i %)"/a7a SiO2 (a" H2O1

Na M0 A& Si P S 6& A*

Lo0a$ M)+a&oi( No"&o0a$ Ga% $&ia

U*+a" k)"aika" )")*0i io"i%a%i9 Na &+ A& &+ M0 &+ Si &+ S &+ P &+ 6& &+

A*

• a"0 +)*(apa+ b)ba% (i a&a$9 S (a" A*

• Maki" k) ka"a" $aka %ia+ a%a$ $aki" ka+

• A&OH53 b)*%ia+ a$o+)*

• a*i-!a*i %ia+ &o0a$ %ia+ ba%a (a" %ia+ *)(k+o* +)*b)%a*

(i$i&iki o&)' "a+*i$

• E")*0i io"i%a%i +)*b)%a* (i$i&iki o&)' a*0o"

• E&)k+*o")0a+ii+a% %ia+ a%a$ %ia+ ok%i(a+o* +)*b)%a* (i$i&iki

o&)' k&o*i"

• Si $)*paka" "%* k)-2 +)*ba"/ak %)+)&a' ok%i0)" pa(a k&i+

b$i

•

A& $)*paka" "%* k)-3 +)*ba"/ak %)+)&a' ok%i0)" (a" Si pa(ak&i+ b$i.

14


15/21

UNSUR PEMBUATAN KEGUNAANTERDAPAT

PADARUMUS SEN5AWA

Na E&)k+*o&i%i% &)b*a" Na6&P*o%)% Do7"5

P)$ba+a" TEL M)*)(k%i bi!i' &o0aTi5 La$p Kab+

Ga*a$ Na6&

S)"(a7a 6'i&i NaNO3K*io&i+ Na3A&FBi!i' %i&ika+ Na2SiO3

M0 E&)k+*o&i%i% &)&)'a"M06&2 Ma0"a&i$ "+k ba'a"k)*a"0ka p)%a7a++)*ba"0

Ai* &a+ M06&2Ma0")+i+ M06O3Ki%)*i+ M0SO4.3H2O

Do&o$i+ M06O3.6a6O3Ka*"a&i+ K6&.M06&2.H2O

A%b)% 6aM0SiO354Mika K-M0-A& Si&ika+

Si R)(k%i pa%i*SiO2 ()"0a" 6 (a&a$+a"* &i%+*ik

Ba'a" %)$iko"(k+o*"+k ka&k&a+o*$ik*oko$p+)* po&i$)*

%i&iko" "+k $)"0ba' !a*i"0a" pa(a +b'

Pa%i*8ka*%a SiO2Ta"a' &ia+ A&2O3.2SiO2.2H2O

A%b)% M0-6a-Si&ika+Mika K-M0-Si&ika+

P P*o%)% o'&)*$)$a"a%ka" #a$p*a"o%o*i+ pa%i* (a" 6 pa(a%' 13,,o6 (a&a$ +a"*&i%+*ik5

Fo%o* p+i' b)*a#"5"+k ba'a" bak p)$ba+a" H3PO4 Fo%o* $)*a' +i(ak b)*a#"5 "+k bi(a"00)%)k ko*)k api

Ba+ ka*a"0 o%a+apa+i+ (a" o%o*i+5

6a3PO452

A& Ma*+)" Ha&&P)"a$ba'a" k*io&i+

(a&a$ p*o%)% Ha&& b)*"0%i9 M)&a*+ka" A&2O3 M)"*"ka" +i+ik &)&)'A&2O3

A&a+ $a%ak ka*)"a+a'a" pa"a% (a" +a'a"

ka*a+ ka*)"a $)$b)"+k&api%a" ok%i(a Pa(a" A& "+k p)%a7a+ +)*ba"0 A&OH53 "+k oba+$aa0

A&$i"o %i&ika+ 6a$p*a" A&-O-Si

Ko*"($ A&2O3

K*io&i+ Na3A&F

Bak%i+ A&2O3.H2O

S P)$ba+a" ()"0a" 2#a*a915 M)+o()4ras2" /a"0a(a (i (a&a$ +a"a'525 M)+o()Sisilia /a"0

a(a (i p)*$kaa" +a"a'5

P)$ba+a" H2SO4 a(a 2#a*a915 P*o%)%Kon!ak ()"0a" ba'a" bak SO2ka+a&i%"/a 6O725 P*o%)% BilikTi%(al ()"0a" ba'a" bak SO2 ka+a&i%"/a ap"i+*o%o 2a%puran NO

an NO5

P)$ba+a" ko*)k api

P*o%)% =&ka"i%a%i ka*)+

P)$ba+a" 6S2ba'a"

bak %)*a+ *a/o"5

NH45SO4 a+a ppk


16/21

- M(a' (i ab*ika%i8(i b)"+k - K)ka+a""/a *)"(a' +)+api p)$a(a" a&&o/i"05 k)ka+a""/a bi%a (i+i"0ka+ka"

Sia+ ba'a" ko*o%i (a*i a&$i"i$ (ip)*o&)' ka*)"a +)*b)"+k"/a &api%a" a&$i"i$ok%i(a A&2O35 pa(a p)*$kaa" a&$i"i$. Lapi%a" i"i $)$ba+ A& +a'a" ko*o%i +)+api%)ka&i0% %ka* (i&a% ka*)"a p)*b)(aa" $)&+i"0 poi"+ +i+ik &)b*5. A&$i"i$ $$"/a $)&)b* pa(a +)$p)*a+*) Q ,, ()*a!a+ 6 (a" a&$i"i$

ok%i(a $)&)b* pa(a +)$p)*a+*) 2,,,o6. K)ka+a" (a" k)k)*a%a" a&$i"i$ +i(ak b)0i++i"00i ()"0a" p)$a(a" (a" ')a+ +*)a+$)"+ (apa+ (i+i"0ka+ka" k)ka+a" (a" k)k)*a%a""/a.A&$i"i$ ko$)*%i& %)&a& $)"0a"("0 k)+i(ak $*"ia" Q ,> bia%a"/a b)*pa b)%i%i&i#o" +)$ba0a (a" $a0")%i$. Sia+ &ai" /a"0 $"0"+"0ka" (a*i a&$i"i$ a(a&a' %a"0a+ $(a' (iab*ika%i (apa+(i+a"0 (i#o*5 ()"0a" #a*a p)"a"0a" apap". Dapa+ ()o*$i"0 ()"0a" #a*a9 *o&&i"0 (*a7i"0 o*0i"0 )+*%i (&&. M)"!a(i b)"+k/a"0 *$i+ %)ka&ip". Da&a$ k)a(aa" $*"i a&$i"i$ +)*&a& &"ak k)ka+a""/a *)"(a'"+k (apa+ (ipakai pa(a b)*ba0ai k)p)*&a" +)k"ik. D)"0a" p)$a(a" +)k"ik a&&o/i"05 %ia+ i"i (apa+ (ip)*baiki +)+api %)*i"0ka&i %ia++a'a" ko*o%i"/a b)*k*a"0 ()$ikia" p&a k)&)+a""/a.

S)(iki+ $a"0a" %i&i#o" (a" $a0")%i$ $a%i' +i(ak ba"/ak $)"0*a"0i %ia+ +a'a"ko*o%i"/a +)+api %)"0 b)%i +i$a' p+i' (a" +)$ba0a #kp (*a%+i# $)"*"ka" %ia+ +a'a"ko*o%i"/a.

Pa(a" a&$i"i$ (apa+ (iba0i $)"!a(i 2 k)&o$pok91. A&$i"i$ 7*o"0&+ a&&o/ &)$ba*a"52. A&$i"i$ #o%+i"0 a&&o/ ba+a"0 #o*5

. Silikon

1. Sia+ Fi%ika

Kon*i+urasi 8N$9 1S1P

Fa%) So&i(

Ti+ik &)&)' K5 1>?

Ti+ik (i(i' K5 3@3>

Di%+*ib%i E&)k+*o" >2

E")*0i P)"0io"a" )8a+$5 >2

a*i-!a*i ko=a&)" a+o$ 5 11?

a*i-!a*i io" ,41 Si4C5

K))&)k+*o")0a+ia" 1>

B)*a+ a+o$ %+a"(a* 0.$o&-15 2>,>@

Ba'a" b)k K.$o&-1

5 @,21

Kapa%i+a% ba'a" 8 2@o6 .$o&.K -15 1?>

Ba'a" p)"0apa" K $o&-15 3@

E")*0i ika+ (i*i K $o&-15 21,-2@,

2. Sia+ Ki$ia

a. Sia+-%ia+ ki$ia "%*-"%* +a$a 0o&o"0a" IA (a" IIA (a*i a+a% k) ba7a'

(a&a$ +ab)& p)*io(ik a(a&a' %a"0a+ *)ak+i %ia+ &o0a$"/a b)*+a$ba' (a*i a+a%

16


17/21

k) ba7a' (a&a$ +ab)& p)*io(ik5 b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ok%i0)" "%* 'a&o0)"

ai* a%a$ )"#)*(a" a$o"ia.

b. U"%*-"%* 0o&o"0a" IIIA +i(ak %)*)ak+i 0o&o"0a" IA (a" IIA. Bo*o" (apa+

b)*)ak%i ()"0a" "%* 'a&o0)" $)$b)"+k a%a$ ok%i &a* + (a&a$ ai* (a"

$)$b)"+k $o&)k&-$o&)k& io" *ak%a%a ()"0a" a+o$ ok%i0)". A(ap" 0a*a$

a&$i"i$ aka" $)"0k*i%+a& (a&a$ &a*+a""/a %)ba0ai 'i(*a+.#. Ka*bo" (a" %i&iko" +i(ak *)ak+i pa(a %' bia%a. Ka*bo" b)*)ak%i &a"0%"0

()"0a" &o*. ika ka*bo" (ibaka* (a&a$ (a*a /a"0 +)*ba+a% $)"0'a%i&ka"

ka*bo" $o"ok%i(a. Ka*bo" (apa+ $)$b)"+k ika+a" ko=a&)" +"00a& (a"

*a"0kap "+k $)$b)"+k %)"/a7a o*0a"ik.

(. Si&iko" b)*)ak%i ()"0a" 'a&o0)" !ika (ipa"a%ka" $)$b)"+k ok%i(a

$)$b)"+k 0a*a$ (a*i a%a$ ok%i (a" $)$b)"+k $o&)k&-$o&)k& (a" io"-io"

*ak%a%a ()"0a" a+o$ ok%i0)".

Ika+a" %i&iko" (iok%i(a 9

a. R)ak%i ()"0a" Ha&o0)"

Si&iko" b)*)ak%i ()"0a" 'a&o0)" %)#a*a $$ ba'ka" %a$pai +)*baka* (a&a$

0a% &o* $)"00"aka" %a+ a+o$ 'a&o0)"5.

6o"+o'"/a 9

Si C 22 Si4

b. A%a$-ok%i /a"0 $$

Bi&a (ipa"a%ka" (a&a$ (a*a "%* i"i b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ok%i0)" (a&a$ *)ak%i

p)$baka*a" /a"0 %a"0a+ )k%o+)*$ik "+k $)$b)"+k ok%i(a SiO2 pa(a

'akika+"/a +i(ak *)ak+i ()"0a" ai* pa(a %'-%' bia%a. Na$" (a a%a$

%i&ika+ %)()*'a"a a(a&a' a%a$ o*+o%i&ika+ H4SiO4 (a" a%a$ $)+a%i&ika+ H2SiO3.

K)(a %)"/a7a i"i p*ak+i% (a" &a*+ (a&a$ ai* +)+api $)*)ka $)$a"0 b)*)ak%i

()"0a" ba%a.

6o"+o'"/a9

H4SiO4%5 C 4 NaOHa5 Na4SiO4a5 C H2Oa5 "a*+i$ o*+o%i&ika+5

1. 4os*orus

Fo%o*% +)*(apa+ (i a&a$ %)ba0ai $i")*a& apa+i+ 6a PO45.6a2 ;F 6& a+a OH5

(a" ba+a" o%a+ 6a3PO452. Fo%o*% (ipi%a'ka" (a*i %)"/a7a"/a ()"0a" #a*a $)*)(k%i

ba+a" o%a+ ()"0a" SiO2 (a" ka*bo".

26a3PO452 C SiO2 C 1,6 P4 C6aSiO3 C 1,6O

Fo%o*% b)ba% $)*paka" $o&)k& +)*aa+o$ik P45 /a"0 $)$p"/ai (a b)"+k

k*i%+a& /ai+ o%o*% $)*a' (a" o%o*% p+i'. Fo%o*% p+i' &)bi' *)ak+i (a*i pa(a

o%o*% $)*a'. Fo%o*% $(a' +)*baka* (i (a*a $)$b)"+k o%o*% 5 ok%i(a.

P4 S5 C @O2 05 P4O1, 05

Fo%o*% &a*+ (a&a$ 6S2 (a" p)&a*+ o*0a"ik /a"0 &ai" +)+api +i(ak &a*+ (a&a$ ai*

%)'i"00a o%o*% (i%i$pa" (i (a&a$ ai*.

Fo%o*% $)*a' (i0"aka" "+k $)$ba+ ko*)k api sa"ety mat!h) %)(a"0ka"

%)"/a7a o%a+ ba"/ak (i0"aka" "+k ppk %i"+)%i% /a"0 (ik)"a& %)ba0ai TSP DSP (a"

ES +)*$a%k %)ba0ai ppk #a$p*a".

17

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18/21

Sa&a' %a+ %)"/a7a o%o*% /a"0 +)*p)"+i"0 a(a&a' a%a$ o%a+ H 3PO45. S)"/a7a

i"i ba"/ak (i0"aka" "+k i"(%+*i +)*+a$a i"(%+*i &o0a$ /ai+ "+k p)"#)0a'a"

p)*ka*a+a" a(a &o0a$ b)%i. K)0"aa" o%a+ /a"0 &ai" a(a&a' "+k i"(%+*i ppk.

/. B$l$ran+

B)&)*a"0 a+a %&* a(a&a' "%* ki$ia (a&a$ +ab)& p)*io(ik /a"0 $)$i&iki

&a$ba"0 S (a" "o$o* a+o$ 1. B)"+k"/a a(a&a' "o"-$)+a& /a"0 +ak b)*a%a. B)&)*a"0(a&a$ b)"+k a%&i"/a a(a&a' %)ba' Va+ pa(a+ k*i%+a&i" k"i"0. Di a&a$ b)&)*a"0 (apa+ (i+)$ka" %)ba0ai "%* $*"i a+a %)ba0ai $i")*a&-$i")*a& %&i(a (a" %&a+. Ia a(a&a' "%* p)"+i"0 "+k k)'i(pa" (a" (i+)$ka" (a&a$(a a%a$ a$i"o. P)"00"aa" ko$)*%i&"/a +)*+a$a (a&a$ )*+i&iV)* "a$" !0a(a&a$ bbk $)%i ko*)k api i"%)k+i%i(a (a" "0i%i(a.

B)&)*a"0 $)*paka" "%* /a"0 +)*$a%k (i (a&a$ 0o&o"0a" ok%i0)" a+a 0o&o"0a"

I A (a&a$ %i%+)$ +ab&) p)*io(ik "%* /a"0 +)*(i*i (a*i "%* ok%i0)" %&* a+a

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25 B)b)*apa p)*%)"/a7aa" "%* b)&)*a"0 9

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Ha&i(a B)&)*a"0

B)&)*a"0 (i+)$ka" (i a&a$ %)ba0ai "%* b)ba% %&a+ $ap" %)ba0ai bi!i' %&i(a.B)&)*a"0 b)*7a*"a k"i"0 p#a+ pa(a+a" /a"0 *ap' /a"0 +i(ak &a*+ (a&a$ ai* +api$(a' &a*+ (a&a$ 6S2 ka*bo" (i%&i(a5. Da&a$ b)*ba0ai b)"+k baik 0a% #ai* $ap" pa(a+ "%* b)&)*a"0 +)*!a(i ()"0a" b)"+k a&o+*op /a"0 &)bi' (a*i %a+ a+a #a$p*a". D)"0a" b)"+k /a"0 b)*b)(a-b)(aakiba+"/a %ia+"/a p" b)*b)(a-b)(a (a" k)+)*kai+a" a"+a*a %ia+ (a" b)"+k a&o+*op"/a$a%i' b)&$ (apa+ (ipa'a$i 6&a*k 2,,>5. B)*(a%a*ka" 'b"0a" b)*ka&a (a" ko"i0*a%i )&)k+*o" (i'a*apka" a(a p)*%a$aa"a"+a*a S (a" O. K)(a "%* i"i $)$b)"+k %)"/a7a io"ik ()"0a" &o0a$ ak+i (a"

k)(a"/a $)$b)"+k %)"/a7a ko=a&)" /a"0 %)*pa H2S (a" H2O 6S2 (a" 6O2 S6&2(a" 6&2O. T)+api a(a ak+o* Jak+o* /a"0 $)$b)(aka" %)"/a7a ok%i0)" (a" b)&)*a"0. A+o$ O $)$p"/ai %a+ ika+a" +"00a& ko=a&)" ()"0a" !a*i- !a*i ?4 p$. S)(a"0ka"a+o$ S ; 1,4 p$. E&)k+*o")0a+i=i+a%"/a 344 "+k O (a" 2@> "+k S. Ika+a" 'i(*o0)"(a&a$ %)"/a7a b)&)*a"0 +i(ak %)"/a+a (a&a$ %)"/a7a ok%i0)". Diba"(ib"0ka" Okapa%i+a% a+o$ S &)bi' b)%a* b)*ika+a" ()"0a" a+o$-a+o$ &ai" %)#a*a %)*)"+ak ka*)"a+)*%)(ia"/a o*bi+a& 3( P)+*##i1>@ 9 125.

E. M$!o$ P$n$li!ian

a. Ala! an Ba"an Prak!iku%

Pi%a 1 ba' 5 P)"0!i (a/a 'a"+a* &i%+*ik 1 %)+ 5 S)"(ok baka* 1 ba' 5 G)&a% Ki$ia 1 ba' 5 P)"!)pi+ Lo0a$ 1 ba' 5 P)$baka* Spi*i+% 1 ba' 5 Lo0a$ Na+*i$ 1 b+i* 5 L)$p)"0 M0 (a" A& 3 #$ 5 S)*bk B)&)*a"0 @ 0*a$ 5 La*+a" H6& 1 M 1@ $L 5 K)*+a% &ak$% $)*a' (a" bi* 2 &)$ba* 5 Aa()% 2@, $L 5

(. 'ara K$r#a

18

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atomhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atomhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atomhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfathttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_aminohttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_aminohttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fertilizer&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fertilizer&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuk_mesiuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuk_mesiuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korek_apihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insektisidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insektisidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungisidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungisidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_kimiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomor_atomhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfathttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_aminohttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fertilizer&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuk_mesiuhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korek_apihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insektisidahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungisida


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1. Sia+ Fi%ik a. P)*'a+ika" ()"0a" %)k%a$a %)po+o"0 &o0a$ "a+*i$ %)b)&$ (a" %)%(a' (i

po+o"0 ()"0a" pi%a.Ba0ai$a"a 7a*"a"/a:U!i&a' (a/a 'a"+a* &i%+*ik"/a. b. U&a"0i #a*a k)*!a"/a $)"00"aka" &)$p)"0 &o0a$ M0A& (a" %)*bk

b)&)*a"0.2. Sia+ Ki$ia

a. R)ak%i ()"0a" ai*

1. Ma%kka" %)po+o"0 "a+*i$ %)b)%a* k)*iki& k) (a&a$ aa()% /a"0 +)&a'(i +)+)%i ()"0a" (a +)+)% &a*+a" )"o&)+a&i".6a+a+&a' p)*ba'a" 7a*"a/a"0 +)*!a(i.

2. U&a"0i&a' #a*a k)*!a 1 $)"00"aka" &)$p)"0 &o0a$ M0A& (a" %)*bk b)&)*a"0.

b. R)ak%i ok%i(a $a0")%i$ (a" ok%i(a b)&)*a"0 ()"0a" ai* 1. Baka*&a' %)po+o"0 pi+a $a0")%i$ (a" $a%kka" ab"/a k)(a&a$

ai*.U!i&a' &a*+a" /a"0 +)*!a(i ()"0a" &ak$%.2. Baka*&a' %)*bk b)&)*a"0 ()"0a" %)"(ok p)$baka* (a" %)0)*a

$a%kka" k)(a&a$ 0)&a% ki$ia /a"0 b)*i%i ai*. U!i&a' &a*+a" /a"0+)*!a(i ()"0a" &ak$%.

2. Hasil P$n+a%a!an

). Si*a! 4isik

U"%* Na M0 SSia+ Fi%ik K)*a% K)*a% Bbk Rpa8K)k)*a%a" B)*pa k)*iki& Lo0a$ pi+a Bbk K"i"0Da/a Ha"+a*

Li%+*ik

Ka+ L)$a' L)$a'

. Sia+ Ki$iaa. R)ak%i ()"0a" ai* Na C H2O 9 2Na @5 C 2H O &5 2Na OH a05 C H2 05

M)"0a&a$i p)*ba'a" 7a*"a (a*i !)*"i'8p+i' $)"!a(i 7a*"a

"0k)$(ia" pa(a %aa+ (i*)ak%ika" $aka +i$b&

p)*#ika"8+)*baka*8$)&)(ak%)&a"!+"/a &ak$% bi* /a"0 +)&a' (i#)&pka"

k)(a&a$ &a*+a" +)*%)b+ b)*ba' 7a*"a $)"!a(i "0b)0i+p" &ak$%

$)*a' /a0 (i#)&p +)+ap pa(a 7a*"a %)$&a /ai+ $)*a' (a" %)+)&a' (i !i

()"0a" (a/a p)"0'a"+a* a*% &i%+*ik $aka (apa+ (ik)+a'i ba'7a (apa+$)"0'a"+a*ka" a*% &i%+*ik ()"0a" ka+ ka*)"a "/a&a &a$p +)*a"0.M0 C H2O 9

M0 @5 C H2O &5 +i(ak b)*)ak%i5

M0 @5 C 2H2O &5 pa"a% M0 OH52 C H2 05

M)"0a&a$i p)*ba'a" 7a*"a (a*i !)*"i'8p+i' $)"!a(i 7a*"a

'i+a$k)$(ia" &ak$% bi* /a"0 +)&a' (i#)&pka" k)(a&a$ &a*+a" +)*%)b+

b)*ba' 7a*"a $)"!a(i "0b)0i+p" &ak$% $)*a' /a0 (#)&p +)+ap pa(a

7a*"a %)$&a /ai+ $)*a' (a" %)+)&a' (i !i ()"0a" (a/a p)"0'a"+a* a*%&i%+*ik $aka (apa+ (ik)+a'i ba'7a (apa+ $)"0'a"+a*ka" a*% &i%+*ik ()"0a"

&)$a' ka*)"a "/a&a &a$p *)(p.

A& C H2O 9A& @5 C H2O &5 +i(ak b)*)ak%i5

2A& @5 C 3H2O 05 pa"a% A&2 O3 @5 C 3H2 05

S C H2O 9 M)"0a&a$i p)*ba'a" +)k%+* (a*i bbk $)"!a(i#ai*k)$(ia" &ak$% bi* /a"0 +)&a' (i#)&pka" k)(a&a$ &a*+a" +)*%)b+

19


20/21

b)*ba' 7a*"a $)"!a(i $)*a'b)0i+p" &ak$% $)*a' /a0 (#)&p +)+ap pa(a 7a*"a %)$&a /ai+ $)*a' (a" %)+)&a' (i !i ()"0a" (a/a p)"0'a"+a*a*% &i%+*ik $aka (apa+ (ik)+a'i ba'7a (apa+ $)"0'a"+a*ka" a*% &i%+*ik()"0a" &)$a' ka*)"a "/a&a &a$p *)(p

b. R)ak%i ok%i(a $a0")%i$ (a" ok%i(a b)&)*a"0 ()"0a" ai*

M0OC H2O 9 Ma0")%i$ Ok%i(a b)*)ak%i &a$ba+ ()"0a" ai*$)"0'a%i&ka" Ma0")%i$ Hi(*ok%i(a $i&k o $a0")%ia5 /a"0 (i0"aka"

%)ba0ai Va+ ak+i "+k $)")+*a&ka" a%a$ &a$b"0 b)*&)bi'. R)ak%i

p)$b)"+ka" $i&k o $a0")%ia a(a&a' %)ba0ai b)*ik+ 9

M0O%5 C H2O&5 WW M0OH52%5

SO2C H2O 9 S&* (iok%i(a %)(iki+ &a*+ (a&a$ ai* b)*)ak%i ()"0a" ai*

$)"0'a%i&ka" &a*+a" a%a$ %&i+ a%a$ %&*I55 H2SO3. I"i 'a"/a a(a

(a&a$ b)"+k &a*+a" %a'a "+k $)"0i%o&a%i"/a 'a"/a aka" $)"(apa+ka"%&* (iok%i(a k)$ba&i.

. Analisa Da!a an P$%(a"asan

Ma%i"0-$a%i"0 +ab"0 (i$a%kka" 2 ba+a"0 pak. %)+)&a' (i a$p&a% $a%i"0-$a%i"0 &a*+a" %)p)*+i ai* %&i"0 ai* /a"0 $)"(i(i' Na6& (a" $i"/ak +a"a'. K)$(ia"$a%i"0-$a%i"0 +ab"0 (ia$a+i. Ha*i p)*+a"a +i(ak +)*!a(i p)*ba'a" %a$a %)ka&i.S)+)&a' 2 'a*i (ibia*ka" +ab"0 p)*+a$a %(a' $)"0a&a$i p)"0a*a+a" +ab"0 k)+i0a(a" k)&i$a $&ai $)"0a&a$i p)"0a*a+a" %)$)"+a*a +ab"0 k) (a (a" k) )$pa+ +i(ak $)"0a&a$i p)"0a*a+a" %a$a %)ka&i. P)*ba'a" /a"0 +)*!a(i pa(a +ab"0 p)*+a$ak)+i0a (a" k)&i$a +)*!a(i akiba+ a(a"/a *)ak%i ok%i(a%i a"+a*a b)%i (a" &a*+a". Ha%i&

/a"0 b)*=a*ia+i ()"0a" !$&a' ka*a+ /a"0 b)*b)(a-b)(a (i%)babka" %ia+ %)+iap "%* (a&a$ $)&akka" *)ak%i ok%i(a%i +)*'a(ap pak 'i"00a $)"!a(i ka*a+ b)*b)(a. La*+a"/a"0 +i(ak +)*!a(i p)*ka*a+a" pa(a pak b)*a*+i +i(ak $)$i&iki k)$a$pa" ok%i(a%i%)bab pak +i(ak +)*!a(i p)*ka*a+a". S)$aki" ba"/ak *)ak%i ok%i(a%i /a"0 +)*!a(i%)$aki" ba"/ak p&a ka*a+. D)$ikia" %)ba&ik"/a !ika +i(ak a(a ka*a+ a+a %)(iki+ka*a+/a"0 $"#& $aka &a*+a" +)*%)b+ +i(ak $a$p $)&akka" ok%i(a%i.

La*+a" $a$p $)"a"0kap "%* ok%i0)" (i %)ki+a*"/a "a$" pa(a +ab"0 3 /a"0(i++p o&)' p&a%+ik!0a +)*!a(i p)*ka*a+a". Ha& i"i (i%)babka" o&)' k)$a$pa" &a*+a""+k ok%i(a%i pa(a pak %)'i"00a b)*ka*a+. S)$aki" ()ka+ b)%i ()"0a" ok%i0)"8(a*a$aka k)$"0ki"a" b)%a* +)*!a(i p)*ka*a+a" $aka o&)' i+ ka*a+ /a"0 $)"0a$ba"0$)*paka" ka*a+ /a"0 +)*!a(i akiba+ *)ak%i ok%i(a%i (a" ka*a+ /a"0 $)"0)"(ap $)*paka"

ka*a+ /a"0 +)&a' b)*a+ $a%%a"/a 'i"00a !a+' k) (a%a* +ab"0.$. P$r!anyaan an 3a&a(anP)*+a"/aa" 9 Ba0ai$a"aka' k)+)*a+*a" %ia+ "%* p)*io() k)+i0a:a7aba" 9 U"%* J "%* p)*io() k)+i0a $)$i&iki k)+)*a+*a" %ia+ %)#a*a b)**+a"

(a*i ki*i k)ka"a" .

• Sia+ *)(k+o* b)*k*a"0 (a" %ia+ ok%i(a+o* b)*+a$ba'.• Sia+ &o0a$ %)$aki" &)$a' (a" %ia+ "o" &o0a$ %)$aki" ka+• Sia+ ba%a %)$aki" &)$a' (a" %ia+ a%a$ %)$aki" ka+.

4. K$si%pulan an Saran

a. K$si%pulan

• U"%* J "%* p)*io() k)+i0a +)*(i*i a+a% Na M0 A& Si P S 6& (a" A* .

Ha*0a k))&)k+*o")0a+ia" "%* p)*io() k)+i0a (a*i ki*i k) ka"a"

%)$aki" b)%a* (a" %)ba&ik"/a 'a*0a k))&)k+*opo%i+ia" %)$aki" k)#i&.

Ha& i"i (i%)babka" o&)' 'a*0a k))&)k+*o")0a+ia" %)$aki" b)%a*

%)'i"00a %)$aki" $(a' $)$b)"+k io" ")0a+i=). U*+a" k)"aika"

)")*0i io"i%a%i9 Na &+ A& &+ M0 &+ Si &+ S &+ P &+ 6& &+ A*.

a"0 +)*(apa+ b)ba% (i a&a$9 S (a" A*. Maki" k) ka"a" $aka %ia+ a%a$

$aki" ka+. A&OH53 b)*%ia+ a$o+)*. a*i-!a*i %ia+ &o0a$ %ia+ ba%a

(a" %ia+ *)(k+o* +)*b)%a* (i$i&iki o&)' "a+*i$. E")*0i io"i%a%i +)*b)%a*

20


21/21

(i$i&iki o&)' a*0o". E&)k+*o")0a+ii+a% %ia+ a%a$ %ia+ ok%i(a+o*

+)*b)%a* (i$i&iki o&)' k&o*i". Si $)*paka" "%* k)-2 +)*ba"/ak %)+)&a'

ok%i0)" pa(a k&i+ b$i. A& $)*paka" "%* k)-3 +)*ba"/ak %)+)&a'

ok%i0)" (a" Si pa(a k&i+ b$i.

• U"%*- "%* p)*io() k)+i0a /a"0 +)*(apa+ (i a&a$ a"+a*a &ai"

a&$i"i$ %i&iko" o%o*% (a" b)&)*a"0 (i$a"a "%*-"%* +)*%)b+(i0"aka" (a&a$ bi(a"0 i"(%+*i (a" k)%)'a+a" "+k k)'i(pa" %)&ai"

i+ "%*-"%* +)*%)b+ $)$i&iki %ia+-%ia+ k)b)*a(aa" (a" #a*a

$)$p)*o&)'"/a /a"0 b)*b)(a-b)(a.(. Saran

A(ap" %a*a" /a"0 (apa+ ka$i b)*ika" /ak"i9

Ki+a %)&a/ak"/a $)"!a0a k)&)%+a*ia" a&a$ ka*)"a *%ak"/a a&a$

aka" b)*(a$pak +)*'a(ap +)*!a(i"/a b)*ba0ai b)"#a"a /a"0 $)"i$pa

$a"%ia a&a$ +i(ak %)'a*%"/a (i)k%p&oi+a%i %)#a*a b)*&)bi'a" ki+a

%)'a*%"/a $)"00"aka""/a %)#a*a bi!ak (a" b)*+a"00"0 !a7ab ka*)"a

b)*ba0ai k)ka/aa" %)p)*+i "%*-"%* (i a&a$ %a+ %aa+ aka" 'abi% !ika

+)*% $)")*% (ik)*k. B)*ba0ai "%* +i(ak %)'a*%"/a (i0"aka" %)ba0ai

ba'a" p)&)(ak a+ap" ba'a" p)*%ak ka*)"a %a$a 'a&"/a ba'7a ki+a +i(ak

$)"00"aka" ka*"ia /a"0 A&&a' b)*ika" k)pa(a ki+a ()"0a" baik (a"

a$a"a'.

BAB III

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Ha*)a A&&)"%i% Ka*)&%+a Go&o"0a" IIA A&ka&i Ta"a'5. s!ribd.!om. Ap*i& 2,1,.2. '++p988777.%#*ib(.#o$8(o#8224138Go&o"0a"-IIA. Diak%)% pa(a +a"00a& 2? M)i 2,123. K))"a" 6'a*&)% . Do"a&( 6. K&)i")&+)* (a" )%%) H. oo(. #lmu $imia untuk

%ni&ersitas. aka*+a E*&a"00a 1>4. Piki* S'a*"o. 'eaksireaksi $imia . S*aba/a9 U"i=)*%i+a% Ai*&a"00a S*aba/a 1,@. Ra+"a et. al . Lo0a$ A&ka&i (a" A&ka&i Ta"a'. Chemistry.org itus $imia #ndonesia. ?

F)b*a*i 2,,.. '++p988777.#')$-i%-+*/.o*08$a+)*iXki$ia8ki$ia-%$k8k)&a%Xi8&o0a$-a&ka&i-(a"-a&ka&i-+a"a'8. Diak%)% pa(a +a"00a& 2? M)i 2,12

?. Sa%+*o'a$i(!o!o Ha*(!o"o. $imia asar . o0/aka*+a9 UGM-P*)%% 2,,>>. S0i/a*+o K*i%+ia" H.. $imia +norganik ## . o0/aka*+a9 U"i=)*%i+a% N)0)*i o0/aka*+a

2,,3

. S(a*$o U"00&. 2,,. $imia untuk + kelas -##. aka*+a 9 P'ib)+a.

1,. S*aki++i. 1>. $imia untuk kelas 3 + .aka*+a 9 PT I"+a" Pa*i7a*a.11. '++p988777."*/a"+o.")+82,1,8118"%*-"%*-p)*io()-k)+i0a.'+$&12. '++p988 agneti! sus!etibility o" the elements and inorgani! !omounds, in Handbook o"

Chemistry and /hysi!s. 6R6 p*)%%. 1? Ok+ob)* 2,,,. ISBN ,>43,4>14.

'++p988777.7ikip)(ia.#o$.
http://www.nuryanto.net/2010/11/unsur-unsur-periode-ketiga.htmlhttp://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdfhttp://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdfhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0849304814http://www.nuryanto.net/2010/11/unsur-unsur-periode-ketiga.htmlhttp://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdfhttp://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdfhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0849304814

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