KINGDOM PLANTAE

Taxonomy

Domain Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae

PLANTS

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Bacteria Archaea Protista Plants Fungi Animals

Multicellular

Photosynthetic

Autotrophs

Chlorophyll a, b & other pigments

Cell walls composed of cellulose

Long strand of sugar molecules

Insoluble / enzyme resistant

Rigid, strong

Reproduction

Sexual reproduction

General Characteristics

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Multicelled

adult (2n)

Human Life Cycle

Alternation of generations

Haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte)

stages to growth cycle

Homospory vs. heterospory

Life Cycle

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Life Cycle

Quick Quiz: Gametes in a plant are

produced by the…

A) Gametophyte

B) Sporophyte

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> 295,000 species

Classified based on…

Vascularization

Seed production

Types of seeds

Development & morphology

Plant Diversity

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Non-tracheophytes Tracheophytes

Seed Bearing Seedless

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocots Dicots

Plant Diversity

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3 – Seed kind?

2 – Got seeds?

1 - Vascular?

4 - Structure?

General characteristics

Lack developed vascular tissue

Gametophyte (haploid) generation dominant

Require H20 for sexual reproduction

Examples

Liverworts

Hornworts

Mosses

Non-vascular Plants (Non-tracheophytes)

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Moss Reproductive Cycle

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Quick Quiz: Non-vascular plants are

small because they…

A) Can’t transport water throughout their

system

B) Can’t transport CO2 throughout their system

C) Can’t produce gametes

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Non-tracheophytes Tracheophytes

Seed Bearing Seedless

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocots Dicots

Plant Diversity

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3 – Seed kind?

2 – Got seeds?

1 - Vascular?

4 - Structure?

General characteristics

Specialized conducting (vascular) tissues

Xylem H2O; Phloem food

Specialized leaves, roots, stems

Cuticles

Protective waxy covering

Stomata

“pores” for entry/exit of CO2, O2, H2O

Sporophyte generation dominant

Vascular Plants (Tracheophytes)

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Divisions of vascular plants

Non-seed bearing (seedless) plants

Seed bearing plants

What is a seed?

Spore = haploid (n) reproductive cell that can grow into a new “plant”

Produced by sporophyte (2n), grow into gametophyte (n)

Seed = diploid (2n) embryo surrounded by a protective coat

Product of gametes (sperm/egg) produced by gametophytes (n), grows into sporophyte (2n)

Vascular Plants

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Examples

Ferns (Pterophyta)

Whisk ferns (Psilophyta)

No leaves or roots

Club moss (Lycophyta)

Horsetails (Sphenophyta)

Seedless Vascular Plants

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Fern Life Cycle

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Quick Quiz: True or false: Ferns have

seeds on the underside of their fronds.

A) True

B) False

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Divisions of seed bearing plants

Gymnosperms

“Naked-seed”

Angiosperms

Seeds protected in “vessels”

Flowering plants

Seedbearing Vascular Plants

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Non-tracheophytes Tracheophytes

Seed Bearing Seedless

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocots Dicots

Plant Diversity

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3 – Seed kind?

2 – Got seeds?

1 - Vascular?

4 - Structure?

Conifers (Coniferophyta)

Pines, firs, cedars

Needle-like leaves

Both pollen and seed bearing

cones

Gymnosperms

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Gymnosperms

Ginkos (Ginkophyta)

Ginko biloba

Male & female plants

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Cycads (Cycadophyta)

Palm-like, cone bearing

Male & female

Cones can reach 1m in length

Gymnosperms

Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta)

Ephedra

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Gymnosperm Life Cycle

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Quick Quiz: The defining characteristic

of a gymnosperm is that they have…

A) No seeds.

B) Seeds but no fruits.

C) Seeds encased in fruits.

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“Flowering plants”

Monocots

E.g., grasses, corn,

iris

Dicots

E.g., fruit trees,

roses, daisies, beans

Angiosperms

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Flower Structure

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Non-tracheophytes Tracheophytes

Seed Bearing Seedless

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocots Dicots

Plant Diversity

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3 – Seed kind?

2 – Got seeds?

1 - Vascular?

4 - Structure?

Characteristics

Seed has 1 cotyledon

Flower parts in multiples of 3

Leaves show parallel veins

Vascular bundles “uniformly”

distributed

All herbaceous (no wood)

E.g., grasses, corn, iris

Monocots

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Characteristics

Seed has 2 cotyledons

Flower parts in 4’s or 5’s

Leaves show net-like veins

Vascular bundles arranged

in a ring

Some woody

E.g., fruit trees, beans

Dicots

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Quick Quiz: If you found a flower that

had 12 petals (multiple of 3 and of 4),

how else could you determine whether

it was a monocot or a dicot?

A) Look at leaf veins – parallel or branching?

B) Look at leaf shapes – round or lobed?

C) Look at flower color – white or colorful?

D) Look at stem – woody or herbaceous?

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