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RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS

KOBE - Hyogo 2005 - 03-08Ms. Gina Teresa Herbozo ZuritaMs. Gina Teresa Herbozo Zurita

UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA GABRIEL RENE MORENO

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Bolivia is situated in the centre of South America.

It encompasses 1,098,580 sq km and has borders with Brazil to the north and east, with Argentina to the south, and with Peru to the west. On the southeast of Bolivia to border with Paraguay, while to the southwest with Chile.

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Area: Total: 1,098,580 sq km Land: 1,084,390 sq km Water: 14,190 sq km

Climate: Varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

Terrain: Rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

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Population: 8,724,156 (July 2004)

Ethnic groups: Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%

Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)

Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

President: Carlos Mesa

Monetary unit: Boliviano

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ClimateAlthough all of Bolivia is located within the Tropic of Capricorn, the country enjoys the full spectrum of existing climates. The temperature is not only regulated by geographical location, but also by the altitude above sea level; temperatures are lower at higher altitudes and higher at lower altitudes.

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ALTIPLANOALTIPLANOLa PazLa Paz

Tiahuanaco

Copacabana

Coroico

Laguna Glaciar Luru Kheri,a 4405 mts

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OruroALTIPLANO

Parque Nacional Sajama

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Hotel de salLaguna verde

ALTIPLANOPOTOSI

Casa de la Moneda

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VallesVallesTotora

Río San Mateo- Chapare

Tarata

CochabambaCochabamba

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VALLESVALLES

                                              

Arcada de la Plaza de San Francisco

Portada de la"Casa de la Libertad"

Plaza 25 de Mayo

ChuquisacaChuquisaca

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Coimata Zona de Narváez (municipio de Entre Ríos)es una zona agrícola y ganadera a 80 Km de

laciudad de Tarija.

ENTRE RÍOS

VALLESVALLESTarijaTarija

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OrienteOrienteCascada al interior de la Serranía

de los volcanes, a solo 80 Km de la ciudad de Santa Cruz

San Ignacio

San Miguel

Concepcion

Santa CruzSanta Cruz

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OrienteOriente

BeniBeni

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OrienteOrientePandoPando

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The development of the environmental management in

Bolivia has occurred to a large extent during the Nineties (1992).

During this period a general legal framework was adopted.

Specific regulations for the execution of the REGULATORY FRAMEWORK and ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT are created simultaneously.

Current status of environmental protection policy, science and

technology in Bolivia

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POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE (CPE)

VII. Fundamental Rights of the People: - a) to life, health and security. - d) To work and to dedicate themselves to commerce, industry or any allowed activity, in conditions that do not harm the common good. VIII. Fundamental Duties of the People: - h) To protect, and to protect the goods and interests of the people.

CXXXVI. National Goods - They are of original dominion of the State, in addition to the goods to which the Law gives them that quality,

the ground and subsoil with all its natural wealth, waters, fluvial and medicinal, as well as the elements and susceptible physical forces of advantage.

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LAW Nº 1333 ENVIRONMENT LAW

Promulgated in the 27th of April in the year 1992.

It consists of 12 Titles and 118 Articles.

This Law is created by the influence of the international conservation movement.

Law 1333 becomes the fundamental basis of the environmental legislation in Bolivia at present.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE LAW

Protection and conservation of the Environment and Natural Resources, regulating the actions of humans in relation to nature and promoting sustainable development with the purpose of improving the

quality of life of the people.

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ASPECTS THAT THE ENVIRONMENT LAW CONTEMPLATES

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY and the EVALUATION of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

PROTECTION of RENEWABLE and NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES

The POPULATION and ENVIRONMENT

The HEALTH and ENVIRONMENT

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LAW No 1333

Article XX - Activities and/or factors are considered suspects of damaging the Environment when they exceed the permissible limits stated in the established standards.

a) The ones that contaminate the air, waters in all their states, the ground and the subsoil.

b) Those that alter the cultural heritage, the collective or individual landscape and goods, protected by Law.

c) Those that alter the natural heritage constituted by the biological, genetic and ecological diversity, its interpolation and processes.

d) The direct or indirect actions that produce or can produce environmental deterioration in temporary or permanent form, affecting the health of the population.

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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

IN BOLIVIA

National Level - Ministry of Sustainable Development - by means of the Vice-Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.

Departmental Prefecture Level - by means of the Environment Unit.

Municipal Government, in his jurisdiction.

Competent Sectoral Organizations “OSC”

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REGULATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT LAW

By means of Supreme Decree Nº 24176 of the 8th of December 1995, Six (6) regulations of the environment law are approved and they have the same aim, to obtain the objectives of Law 1333.

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REGULATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT LAW

Regulation on General Environmental Procedures and Regulation of Pollution Prevention and Control Regulation on Atmospheric Pollution Regulation of Water Resources Regulation on Environmental Pollution in Mining Activities Environmental Regulation on Petroleum Sector Environmental Regulation on Industrial and Manufacturing Sectors

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The major environmental contaminants

Heavy metals Compound chemicals Toxic gases The agricultural sediments and fertilizer Mining solid and liquid residues Emissions of dust with silica Chromium and sulfides Contaminants that increase the BOD and COD Carbon monoxide generated by vehicles Solid wastes

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Regulation of environmental contaminants, industrial and

domestic wastes in Bolivia

Art. 107.- The ones who spill or throw untreated wastewater, liquid chemicals or bio-chemicals, objects or residues of any nature, in the water channels, in the shores, water bearing bodies, river basins, rivers, lakes, lagoons, water pools, able to contaminate or degrade the waters that exceed the limits of the standards in the regulation, will face imprisonment of one to four years and with a fine of one hundred percent (100%) of the damage caused.

Art. 112.- The ones that deposits, spills or commercializes industrial liquid wastes, gaseous, solids or putting in danger the human life and or not absorb by the environment , or does not observe sanitary rules and environment protection, will face imprisonment in a maximum of two years.

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Public Institutions

The goverment organization in charge of the environmental management are the Directions of Natural Resources and Environment

The Private Sector

Academic, Scientific Institutions and other Organizations

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The technology applied to the treatment of water and soil is recycling after the physical or chemical treatment by sedimentation, flocculation and filtration. Industrial and domestic wastes treatment depends on each case.

Technology of treatment of contaminated water, soil, and

industrial and domestic wastes in Bolivia

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pH meter COD Dissolved Solids Atomic Absorption

Graphite Oven

UV Spectrophotometer

Major Technology for Monitoring Environmental Contaminants

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River Pollution

Different industries generate chemical wastes from the industrial process.

Solid residues and toxic substances that contribute to environmental pollution.

Experience on Risk Assessment and Monitoring Environmental

Chemicals

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Refineries of gas and petroleum

Soap and detergent industries

Textile

Sugar Mills

Breweries

Distillery

Factories of vegetable oil

Tanneries

Major Pollution Sources

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CONCLUSION

•There is a rapid growth in mining, farming, petroleum and gas production in Bolivia and this also increase the environmental pollution.

•For this reason the Public University has the commitment to support or to cooperate with the government in the control of pollution.

•We are conscious that we need to do much to optimize pollution control, intensify the investigation and enhance the development of our human resources with new knowledge about the operations of equipment, to learn new techniques and methods for better control and evaluation of the chemicals that poses great risks to the environment.

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION ...!!