KURSUS KURSUS PENGENALAN KEPADA PERKHIDMATAN PENGENALAN KEPADA PERKHIDMATAN

MEKANIKAL DALAM BANGUNANMEKANIKAL DALAM BANGUNAN______________________________________________________________________________

Pengenalan kepada Peralatan Pengenalan kepada Peralatan Makmal dan Bilik Bersih Makmal dan Bilik Bersih

(Clean Room)(Clean Room)

Aishah Hazlina Md.DeanAishah Hazlina Md.Dean

Jurutera MekanikalJurutera Mekanikal

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTLABORATORY EQUIPMENT

FUME CUPBOARDFUME CUPBOARD

BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINETBIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET

LAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINETLAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINET

FUMEFUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARDDEFINITIONDEFINITION

Define as “A partially enclosed work space that Define as “A partially enclosed work space that limits the spread of fume to operators and other limits the spread of fume to operators and other personnel. It is ventilated by an induced flow of air personnel. It is ventilated by an induced flow of air through an adjustable working aperture that dilutes through an adjustable working aperture that dilutes the fume and by means of an extract system, the fume and by means of an extract system, provides for the release of fume remotely and provides for the release of fume remotely and safely:safely:

BS 7258: Part 1: 1990BS 7258: Part 1: 1990

STANDARDSSTANDARDS

BS 7258BS 7258

AS 2243AS 2243

SAMA (Scientific Apparatus SAMA (Scientific Apparatus Manufacturers Assoc., USAManufacturers Assoc., USA

CLASSIFICATION/TYPECLASSIFICATION/TYPE

I) General Purpose FCI) General Purpose FC- Class A- Class A

- Class B- Class B

- Class C- Class C

II) Special Purpose FCII) Special Purpose FC- Perchloric Acid FC- Perchloric Acid FC

- Radioisotope FC- Radioisotope FC

GENERAL PURPOSE FUME GENERAL PURPOSE FUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARD

CLASS ACLASS A

- Used for materials of extreme Used for materials of extreme toxicity or hazard.toxicity or hazard.

- 125- 150 ft/min face velocity across 125- 150 ft/min face velocity across sash (min. 100-125 ft/min)sash (min. 100-125 ft/min)

- Treshold Limit Value (TLV) < 10 ppmTreshold Limit Value (TLV) < 10 ppm

GENERAL PURPOSE FUME GENERAL PURPOSE FUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARD

CLASS BCLASS B

- Used for most materials and Used for most materials and operations in the laboratoryoperations in the laboratory

- 100 ft/min face velocity across sash 100 ft/min face velocity across sash (min. 80 ft/min)(min. 80 ft/min)

- TLV 10-550 ppmTLV 10-550 ppm

GENERAL PURPOSE FUME GENERAL PURPOSE FUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARD

CLASS CCLASS C

- Used for materials or operations Used for materials or operations where the hazard is not high.where the hazard is not high.

- 75-80 ft/min face velocity across 75-80 ft/min face velocity across sash (min 50-60 ft/min)sash (min 50-60 ft/min)

- TLV > 550 ppmTLV > 550 ppm

SPECIAL PURPOSE FUME SPECIAL PURPOSE FUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARD

PERCHLORIC ACID FCPERCHLORIC ACID FC

- Used only for Perchloric Acid compound Used only for Perchloric Acid compound application due to the potential application due to the potential explosion hazard of perchloric acid when explosion hazard of perchloric acid when combined with organic material.combined with organic material.

- 125-150 ft/min face velocity across sash125-150 ft/min face velocity across sash

SPECIAL PURPOSE FUME SPECIAL PURPOSE FUME CUPBOARDCUPBOARD

RADIOISOTOPE FUME CUPBOARDRADIOISOTOPE FUME CUPBOARD

- Used for radioactive applications.Used for radioactive applications.

- 125-150 ft/min face velocity across 125-150 ft/min face velocity across sashsash

TYPES OF FUME CUPBOARD (AIR TYPES OF FUME CUPBOARD (AIR FLOW)FLOW)CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL

- Allows only fixed sash openingAllows only fixed sash opening

AUTOMATIC AIR-BYPASSAUTOMATIC AIR-BYPASS

- Allows the sash to be operated in various position and Allows the sash to be operated in various position and maintaining the required face velocitymaintaining the required face velocity

ADD/AUXILLIARY AIRADD/AUXILLIARY AIR

- - Addition of tempered outside air to provide the required Addition of tempered outside air to provide the required face velocity and at the same time reduce the exhaust face velocity and at the same time reduce the exhaust air-conditioning airair-conditioning air

BIOHAZARD SAFETYBIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINETCABINET

BIOHAZARD SAFETY BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINETCABINETDefinitionDefinition

BS 5726-31BS 5726-31

Define as “cabinet intended to offer some Define as “cabinet intended to offer some protection to the user and environment protection to the user and environment from the hazards of handling infected from the hazards of handling infected material, and other dangerous biological material, and other dangerous biological material, but excluding radioactive, toxic material, but excluding radioactive, toxic and corrosive substances”and corrosive substances”

STANDARDSSTANDARDS

- DIN 12950DIN 12950

- NSF. Std. 49NSF. Std. 49

- BS 5726BS 5726

- AS 2252 Pt. I (Class I)AS 2252 Pt. I (Class I)

- AS 2252 Pt. II (Class II)AS 2252 Pt. II (Class II)

- AS 2567 – Cytotoxic Drug Safety CabinetAS 2567 – Cytotoxic Drug Safety Cabinet

- US Fed. Std. 209c, Class 10US Fed. Std. 209c, Class 10

TYPETYPEClass I – Class I – Designed specifically to provide operator/ Designed specifically to provide operator/

personnel protection but do not protect personnel protection but do not protect product ( material being handled within the product ( material being handled within the cabinet) cabinet)

Class II -Class II - Provides high level personnel,environment Provides high level personnel,environment and product protectionand product protection

Class III -Class III - Operator is segregated from the work Operator is segregated from the work by physical barrier (glovesby physical barrier (gloves mechanically mechanically attached to the cabinet. Provides high level attached to the cabinet. Provides high level personnel, environment and product personnel, environment and product protection.protection.

Cytotoxic Cabinet -Cytotoxic Cabinet - For both containment and asceptic For both containment and asceptic manipulation. Provides protection for manipulation. Provides protection for maintenance personnel as well.maintenance personnel as well.

CLASS ICLASS I- 100% exhaust cabinets with HEPA filtration100% exhaust cabinets with HEPA filtration- Inward air velocity at the work opening 0.5-Inward air velocity at the work opening 0.5-

0.8 m/s0.8 m/s- Room air passes through the work zone Room air passes through the work zone

and can contaminate productand can contaminate product- Air exhausted to the roomAir exhausted to the room

Only personnel and environment protection Only personnel and environment protection NOT productNOT product

BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINETBIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET – CLASS I– CLASS I

CLASS IICLASS II- Part-recirculating LAF cabinets with HEPA Part-recirculating LAF cabinets with HEPA

filtration of exhaust air filtration of exhaust air - An air barrier at the work openingAn air barrier at the work opening- Separate fan/ HEPA filter systems for Separate fan/ HEPA filter systems for

exhaust and LAFexhaust and LAF- Vertical LAF recirculated in the work zone Vertical LAF recirculated in the work zone

to protect productsto protect products- Air exhausted to the roomAir exhausted to the room

Personnel, environment and product protectionPersonnel, environment and product protection

BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET – CLASS BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET – CLASS IIII

CLASS IIICLASS III- Totally enclosed, 100% exhaust cabinets Totally enclosed, 100% exhaust cabinets

with HEPA filtration of supply and exhaust with HEPA filtration of supply and exhaust airair

- All work within the work zone conducted All work within the work zone conducted through attached rubber glovesthrough attached rubber gloves

- Air exhausted out from roomAir exhausted out from room- In Europe, double filtration is commonIn Europe, double filtration is common

Personnel, environment and product protectionPersonnel, environment and product protection

BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET – CLASS BIOHAZARD SAFETY CABINET – CLASS IIIIII

CYTOTOXIC DRUG SAFETY CYTOTOXIC DRUG SAFETY CABINETCABINET

- Partially recirculating Biohazard Partially recirculating Biohazard Safety Cabinet Class II with added Safety Cabinet Class II with added protection for maintenance protection for maintenance personnelpersonnel

Personnel (Operator), environment, Personnel (Operator), environment, product and maintenance personnelproduct and maintenance personnel

CYTOTOXIC DRUG CABINETCYTOTOXIC DRUG CABINET

LAMINAR AIR FLOW LAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINETCABINET

LAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINETLAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINETDefinitionDefinition

Laminar air flow workstation is defined as an ultra-Laminar air flow workstation is defined as an ultra-enclosure with a work zone which protect products enclosure with a work zone which protect products from ambient contamination but which does not from ambient contamination but which does not provide personnel and environment protectionprovide personnel and environment protection

They are self-contained enclosures or cabinets They are self-contained enclosures or cabinets incorporating fans and high efficiency HEPA filterincorporating fans and high efficiency HEPA filter

Flow of air from the work space is blown directly into Flow of air from the work space is blown directly into the laboratory either vertically downwards or the laboratory either vertically downwards or horizontally towards operatorhorizontally towards operator

STANDARDSSTANDARDS

- AS 1386, Pt.5AS 1386, Pt.5

- US Fed. Std. 209d, Class 100US Fed. Std. 209d, Class 100

- BS 5295 Class IBS 5295 Class I

TYPESTYPES1)1) Horizontal Laminar Flow CabinetHorizontal Laminar Flow Cabinet

-- Laminar flow directed towards Laminar flow directed towards operatoroperator-- Ambient air from room, filtered into Ambient air from room, filtered into the work the work zonezone-- Velocity 0.45 – 0.5 m/s, +/- 20% of Velocity 0.45 – 0.5 m/s, +/- 20% of their their averageaverage

2) 2) Vertical Laminar Flow CabinetVertical Laminar Flow Cabinet-- Laminar Flow directed vertically Laminar Flow directed vertically downwards downwards towards producttowards product

HORIZONTAL LAMINAR AIR FLOW HORIZONTAL LAMINAR AIR FLOW CABINETCABINET

CLEAN ROOMCLEAN ROOM

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

US FED. STD 209BUS FED. STD 209B

A clean room is an enclosed area A clean room is an enclosed area employing control over the employing control over the particulate matterparticulate matter in air with in air with temperature, humidity, and pressure temperature, humidity, and pressure controlcontrol, as required. Clean room , as required. Clean room must not exceed particulate count as must not exceed particulate count as specified in the air cleanliness class.specified in the air cleanliness class.

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

ASHRAE Chapter 15ASHRAE Chapter 15

A specially constructed enclosed A specially constructed enclosed area environmentally controlled with area environmentally controlled with respect to airborne particulate, respect to airborne particulate, temperature, humidity, air motion, temperature, humidity, air motion, vibration, noise, viable organisms vibration, noise, viable organisms and lighting.and lighting.

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEAN CLASSIFICATION OF CLEAN ROOMROOM

Class 1Class 1 Particles count < 1 particle/cu.ft Particles count < 1 particle/cu.ft (35 particles/cu.m) of a size (35 particles/cu.m) of a size

0.5 um0.5 um

Class 10Class 10 Particles count <10/cu.ft of a Particles count <10/cu.ft of a size size 0.5 um and larger not 0.5 um and larger not exceeding exceeding 5.0 mm5.0 mm

Class 100Class 100 Particles count <100/cu.ft of a Particles count <100/cu.ft of a size 0.5 size 0.5 um and largerum and larger

CLASSIFICATION OF CLEAN CLASSIFICATION OF CLEAN ROOMROOMClass 1,000 (1K)Class 1,000 (1K)

Particle <1,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and largerParticle <1,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and larger

Class 10,000 (10K)Class 10,000 (10K)Particle < 10,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and larger Particle < 10,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and larger or 65 particle/cu.ft of a size 5.0 microns and largeror 65 particle/cu.ft of a size 5.0 microns and larger

Class 100,000 (100K)Class 100,000 (100K)Particle <100,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and Particle <100,000/cu.ft of a size 0.5 micron and larger, or 700 particle/cu.ft of a size 5.0 microns and larger, or 700 particle/cu.ft of a size 5.0 microns and largerlarger

TYPES OF CLEAN ROOMTYPES OF CLEAN ROOM

A)A) Conventional or Non-Laminar Clean Conventional or Non-Laminar Clean Room ( Turbulent Flow)Room ( Turbulent Flow)

B)B) Laminar Clean Room ( Laminar Laminar Clean Room ( Laminar Flow)Flow)

-- Vertical FlowVertical Flow

-- Horizontal FlowHorizontal Flow

PENUTUPPENUTUPPeralatan Makmal dan Bilik Bersih Peralatan Makmal dan Bilik Bersih hanyalah sebahagian kecil daripada hanyalah sebahagian kecil daripada Perkhidmatan Mekanikal yang terdapat di Perkhidmatan Mekanikal yang terdapat di dalam sebuah bangunan khas (spt. dalam sebuah bangunan khas (spt. Hospital, Makmal, Sekolah dll)Hospital, Makmal, Sekolah dll)

Namun seperti juga perkhidmatan Namun seperti juga perkhidmatan mekanikal yang lain, ianya merupakan mekanikal yang lain, ianya merupakan nadi/penggerak bagi memastikan nadi/penggerak bagi memastikan bangunan dapat berfungsi/hidup.bangunan dapat berfungsi/hidup.

Sebuah bangunan tanpa mekanikal adalah Sebuah bangunan tanpa mekanikal adalah ibarat badan yang cantik tetapi tidak ibarat badan yang cantik tetapi tidak

bernyawa (body without soul). Cantik dari bernyawa (body without soul). Cantik dari segi zahir tetapi tidak berfungsi.segi zahir tetapi tidak berfungsi.

Perkhidmatan mekanikal-lah yang Perkhidmatan mekanikal-lah yang menghidupkan sesebuah bangunan itu.menghidupkan sesebuah bangunan itu.

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