Kushal Thakkar - Final

8/4/2019 Kushal Thakkar - Final

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PRESENTER : KUSHAL THAKKAR

ROLL NO : 04BATCH NO : SMBA03

Brain Drain & ReverseBrain Drain


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Brain Drain

Human capital flight, more commonlyreferred to as "brain drain", is the

large-scale emigration of a large

group of individuals with technical

skills or knowledge.


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The reasons for Brain Drain

usually include two aspects

Countries

Individuals


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Brain Drain by Region

Europe : Western European to UnitedStatus & Eastern & South Eastern Europe into

Western European.

In 2010, over 350,000 Europeans emigrated to

the United States (164,285), Australia(40,455), Canada (37,946) and NewZealand(30,262). Germany alone saw255,290 people leave the country


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Africa : "Brain drain has cost the Africancontinent over $4 billion in the employment

of 150,000.

Ethiopia 55% in 2009, Nigeria, Ghana 28

% 2010, Kenya.

Africarecruit


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Iraq Outflow began under Saddam Hussein regime, 4million estimated to have left until 2010. And later the invasion ofUS.

Iran : In 2006, the IMF ranked Iran highest in brain drainamong 90 measured countries. The estimated exodus of 180,000people per year is thought to be due to a poor job market, andtense domestic social conditions.

India : Estimates show that INDIA loses $2 billion a yearbecause of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S. Indianstudents going abroad for their higher studies costs India aforeign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually.


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China : Chinese earning more than 120,000Yuan ($17,650) a year want to immigrate.

China became the biggest worldwidecontributor of emigrants in 2007. According

to the official Chinese media, 65,000 Chineselast year secured immigration or permanentresident status in the United States, 25,000 inCanada and 15,000 in Australia


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New Zealand : During the 1990s, 30,000

New Zealanders were emigrating each year.An OECD report released in 2005 revealedthat 24.2% of New Zealanders with a tertiaryeducation were living outside of NewZealand, predominantly in Australia. In 2009,around 34,000 New Zealanders settled inAustralia.


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Related Phenomena

Brain Gain: An opposite situation, in whichmany trained and talented individuals seek entranceinto a country, is called a brain gain; this may create

a brain drain in the nations that the individuals areleaving.

In 2000, the US Congress announced it was raisingthe annual cap on the number of temporary work

visas granted to highly skilled professionals under itsH1B Visa program, from 115,000 to 195,000 per year,effective through 2003. That suggests a rough figurefor the influx of talent into the United States at thattime.


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Related Phenomena

Brain circulation : In general mostdeveloping countries suffer brain drain because emigrantintellectuals refuse to return. Some migrants do return to

their home countries or become transnational withhomes in different countries.

Brain waste : Sometimes migrants to othercountries or urban areas are not able to obtainemployment commensurate with their educationalqualifications. This is called brain waste.


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Reverse Brain Drain

Reverse brain drain , which refers to the

migration issue, whereby human capitalmoves in reverse from a more developedcountry to a less developed country that isdeveloping rapidly, which is commonly

defined as braindrain.


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3 methods of implementing and

enhancing reverse brain drain

Governments retaining theirstudents.

Encouraging students topursue tertiary studies abroadand promoting them to return.

Engaging with the diasporas.


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Several countries that are prime examples of

these three methods - and several other methods

1. China

2. India Dot Com Bubble.

3. Pakistan4. South Korea Park Chung Hee.

5. Taiwan - National Youth Commission (NYC)

6. Mexico 08-96, 09-157, 10-212.7. Africa Reverse Transfer of Technology.


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Reverse Brain Drain - Patna

Sumit Prakash & Smitha Chaudhary

Business Managers

Sydney.

Anjay Thakur Commercial Pilot California.

Bibhuti Bikramaditya Project manager South Korea.


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Sources

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com Live Mint Lounge.

National Commission Website.

The Times Of India (Paper Cutting.)
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/


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Thank You!!!!!

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Kushal Thakkar - Final