1

Contents

1.0 MARTIN TYPE ANTHROPOLOMETER (Anthropometer) ....................................................... 4

1.1 Photo of Martin Type Anthropolometer .................................................................................... 4

1.2 Price of Martin Type Anthropolometer ..................................................................................... 4

1.3 Function of Martin Type Anthropolometer ............................................................................... 4

1.4 How to Use Martin Type Anthropolometer ............................................................................... 4

2.0 GONIOMETER (Garanometer) ..................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Photo of Goniometer ................................................................................................................ 6

2.2 Price of Goniometer ................................................................................................................. 6

2.3 Function of Goniometer ........................................................................................................... 6

2.4 How to Use a Goniometer ........................................................................................................ 6

3.0 LAFAYETTE JAMAR HYDRAULIC PINCH GAUGE ............................................................... 8

3.1 Photo of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge ..................................................................... 8

3.2 Price of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge ...................................................................... 8

3.3 Function of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge ................................................................ 8

3.4 How to Use Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge ................................................................ 8

4.0 LAFAYETTE HAND DYNAMOMETER ...................................................................................... 9

4.1 Photo of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer .................................................................................... 9

4.2 Price of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer ..................................................................................... 9

4.3 Function of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer ............................................................................... 9

4.4 How to Use Lafayette Hand Dynamometer ............................................................................... 9

2

5.0 TEKSCAN F-SCAN VERSATEK SYSTEM ................................................................................ 11

5.1 Photo of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System ............................................................................. 11

5.2 Price of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System .............................................................................. 11

5.3 Function of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System ........................................................................ 11

5.4 How to Use Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System ........................................................................ 12

6.0 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) ............................................................................................... 14

6.1 Photo of Electromyography (EMG) ........................................................................................ 14

6.2 Price of Electromyography (EMG) ......................................................................................... 14

6.3 Function of Electromyography (EMG) ................................................................................... 14

6.4 How to Use an Electromyography (EMG) .............................................................................. 15

7.0 SOUND LEVEL and HAND ARM VIBRATION METER (Castle GA6224/6) .......................... 16

7.1 Photo of Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter............................................................ 16

7.2 Price of Castle Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter .................................................. 16

7.3 Function of Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter ....................................................... 16

7.4 How to Use Sound Level & Hand Arm Vibration Meter ......................................................... 17

8.0 THERMAL COMFORT and HEAT STRESS MONITOR (Babuc Data Logger) ...................... 19

8.1 Photo of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor ............................................................... 19

8.2 Price of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor ................................................................ 19

8.3 Function of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress ........................................................................ 19

8.4 How to Use a Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor ....................................................... 20

9.0 GRAY WOLF INDOOR AIR QUALITY and TOXIC GAS (IAQ) ............................................ 21

9.1 Photo of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ) ................................................. 21

3

9.2 Price of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ) .................................................. 21

9.3 Function of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ) ............................................ 21

9.4 How to Use Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ)............................................ 22

10.0 ACTIWATCH 64-LIGHT ........................................................................................................... 24

10.1 Photo of Actiwatch 64-Light .................................................................................................. 24

10.2 Price of Actiwatch 64-Light ................................................................................................... 24

10.3 Function of Actiwatch 64-Light .............................................................................................. 24

10.4 How to Use Actiwatch 64-Light ............................................................................................. 24

11.0 CH- 5900 SPINE DISORDER AND ANATOMY MODEL ....................................................... 26

11.1 Photo of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model......................................................... 26

11.2 Price of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model .......................................................... 26

11.3 Function of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model .................................................... 26

11.4 How to Use CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model ................................................... 27

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1.0 MARTIN TYPE ANTHROPOLOMETER (Anthropometer)

1.1 Photo of Martin Type Anthropolometer

1.2 Price of Martin Type Anthropolometer

Martin Type Anthropolometer cost of RM 7,000 per unit.

1.3 Function of Martin Type Anthropolometer

The essential function of an anthropolometer is to determine the distance between

two points accurately.[2]

It is also an ideal set of instruments designed to make objective and quantitative

measurements on the size and form of various parts of the human body.[3]

1.4 How to Use Martin Type Anthropolometer

These Anthropolometer measuring kit consist of several instrument such as;[3]

1) 4 pipes, made of brass 0 - 1950mm

2) Rod measures, straight rules 0 - 270mm, curved rules 0 - 280mm

3) Tasterzirker Callipers, brass 0 - 450mm

Figure 1; Martin Type Anthropolometer Figure 2 ; Anthropolometer Set [1]

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4) Gleitzirkel Martin’s Thickness Gauge, stainless steel/brass 0 - 200mm

5) Stainless steel rule, 0 - 150 mm

6) Stainless steel tape measure, 0 - 2000mm

7) Finger Sterilizing Case

Measuring and Recording guideline are as follows; [4]

1) Body measurements are always taken on the right side of the body.

However, some measurements may be taken on the left side of the body

because of casts, amputation, or other reasons. When this occurs, the

reason is noted in the comments section on the body measurement results

screen or hardcopy form by the recorder.

2) All measurements, except skinfolds, should be taken to the nearest tenth of

a centimeter or 1.0 millimeter. Skinfold measurement is taken to the

nearest 0.1 millimeter. Measures that exceed specific limits on the

computer will be repeated by each technician.

3) All skinfold measurements will be done in duplicate (i.e., by two different

technicians or twice by the same technician) since these measures have the

most variability.

4) If a skinfold is too tight to be measured the code for "tight skin" should be

recorded in the space for that skinfold on the computer or hardcopy form.

If a skinfold is above the measurable limits of the calipers, the code for

"50+" should be entered in the recording space for that skinfold.

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2.0 GONIOMETER SET (Garanometer)

2.1 Photo of Goniometer

2.2 Price of Goniometer

For each set of Goniometer is worth about RM 670. [5]

2.3 Function of Goniometer

These instrument is used either for measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to

a precise angular position.[6]

2.4 How to Use a Goniometer

Goniometer measuring instructions are as follows; [7]

1) Place the goniometer over the fulcrum of the joint. This will vary depending on which

joint need to be measured. Place the stationary arm of the goniometer along the

stationary line of the body, and the movable arm on the moving part of the body.

2) Ask the patient to move the joint in the desired direction. Have the patient move to

his fullest extension, following the movement with the movable arm of the

goniometer. Make sure the tool's stationary arm stays straight.

Figure 3; Goniometer Kit Figure 4; Set of Stainless Steel Goniometer

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3) Record the starting value as noted on the goniometer. Make sure to aware of the

normal starting points for all joints. Some joints will start at 0 degrees, while others

start at 90 degrees.

4) Record the ending value on the goniometer. Subtract the starting number from the

final number to find the range of motion of the joint. Compare this number to the

standard values for physical therapy practice to see if there is any lack of motion in

the joint.

5) Record the total range of motion for the joint in the patient's file. If there is some

hyperextension of a joint, make sure to write "(the degrees of hyperextension) < 0 <

(flexion of the joint)." This way, any doctor or physical therapist who works with the

patient will know the patient has hyperextension of the joint.

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3.0 LAFAYETTE JAMAR HYDRAULIC PINCH GAUGE

3.1 Photo of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

3.2 Price of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

Cost of RM850 per unit

3.3 Function of Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

The Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge is designed to measure pinch strength. [9]

3.4 How to Use Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

The therapist holds the gauge while the user pinches the pads.[9]

The gauge has an analogue display that shows the maximum pinched pressure

with a red needle until it is reset.[9]

Figure 6; How to pinch the Hydraulic Pinch

Gauge [8]

Figure 5; Lafayette Jamar Hydraulic Pinch Gauge

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4.0 LAFAYETTE HAND DYNAMOMETER

4.1 Photo of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer

4.2 Price of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer

RM1850 for each unit of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer

4.3 Function of Lafayette Hand Dynamometer

The Hand Dynamometer is used to secure an index of general body strength, also to

measure right hand versus left hand strength for comparative purposes. When combined

with other forms of strength measurement it allows a much more precise measurement of

body strength. [10]

4.4 How to Use Lafayette Hand Dynamometer

There are several steps in operating the hand dynamometer; [10]

Figure 7; Lafayette Hand Dynamometer Figure 8; Lafayette Hand Dynamometer storage

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1) The handle of the dynamometer must be adjusted for the size of each individual

subject before the test is executed. The handle should fit comfortably in the hand

with enough allowance for a good grip and record the setting found on the inside

gauge if follow-up testing is to occur.

2) Place the subjects arm at their side keeping it away from the body with the elbow

bent slightly (approximately 20º). Illustrate the use of the instrument to the subject

prior to testing.

3) The test is to be administered with dominant hand first and then with the non-

dominant hand. Allow three trials with each hand, right and left hand alternately,

but introduce a brief pause of about 10 to 20 seconds between each trial to avoid

excessive fatigue. The examiner should ask the participant to squeeze the

dynamometer with as much force as possible can in order to measure maximum

grip strength.

4) Record the amount of strength registered at each trial. If the difference between

the scores of each is within 3 kilograms, (considering the scores of each hand

separately) the test is complete. If a difference of more than 3 kilograms is noted,

the test is repeated after a sufficient rest period.

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5.0 TEKSCAN F-SCAN VERSATEK SYSTEM

5.1 Photo of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System

5.2 Price of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System

Cost of RM 30,590 per system

5.3 Function of Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System

Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System is mainly a measurement System that captures

dynamic in-shoe pressure information revealing interaction between foot and

footwear. F-Scan quantifies force, contact pressure distribution, and timing. [11]

F-Scan can be used to; [12]

1) Screen the diabetic or arthritic foot

2) Observe gait asymmetries

3) Regulate post-surgical weight bearing and pressure distribution

4) Monitor degenerative foot disorders.

5) Examine timing of weight transfer and biomechanical function.

Figure 9; F-Scan Versatek System Figure 10; F-Scan Sensor

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6) Determine efficacy of functional orthotics

7) Perform pre- and post-surgical evaluations.

8) Identify high-risk areas in the neuropathic

5.4 How to Use Tekscan F-Scan Versatek System

The handling of F-Scan Versatek System can be visualized in four main steps as follow;

[12] [13]

Step Description

1) Trim

Trim the sensors to fit the subject’s footwear and

place a sensor in each shoe, on top of any

orthotic.

The test subject only needs to remove their shoes

so the operator can insert the trimmed sensors in

the shoe and then slip the shoe back on.

2) Connect

A padded ankle strap is applied to each leg, that is

use to secure the Cuff Units. Cuff Unit are merely

the interface between the computer and the

sensors.

Insert the connector to the Cuff units and attached

the Cuff unit to the Ankle Bands by their Velcro

backing.

750 Hz Scan Rate and Click-to-Connect Edge

sensor.

Figure 11; F-Scan sensor

Figure 12 ; Insert Cuff Unit to connector

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3) Collect

A light weight belt is placed about the waist. The

belt is used to secure the cable safely away from

the feet while patient walks.

Calibrate the sensors to the patient and perform

the test. Calibration must be done prior to walking

of the patient.

After the sensors are in place, the patient will be

asked to walk in a normal fashion and relaxed

speed. The length of the walk is only about 30

feet across the room and then back to the starting

point.

Assess subjects while in motion using 960

sensing elements.

4) Analyze

The data is presented on a frame by frame basis,

played as a video or displayed in 2D or 3D.

F-Scan provides dynamic-functional data for a

complete and documentable evaluation of the foot

being examined.

Figure 13; Patient will be asked to walk

in a normal fashion

Figure14; Analysis and evaluation

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6.0 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)

6.1 Photo of Electromyography (EMG)

6.2 Price of Electromyography (EMG)

One set of Electromyography (EMG) cost of RM 180,000

6.3 Function of Electromyography (EMG)

Some of the usage of Electromyography are;[14]

Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle response or electrical activity in

response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle.

The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities.

EMG measures the electrical activity of muscle during rest, slight contraction, and

forceful contraction.

Figure 15; Electromyography (EMG)

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6.4 How to Use an Electromyography (EMG)

Generally, an EMG procedure follows this process;[14]

1) The subject will be asked to remove any clothing, jewelry, hairpins, eyeglasses,

hearing aids, or other metal objects that may interfere with the procedure.

2) If the subject were asked to remove clothing, they will be given a gown to wear.

3) The subject will be asked to sit or lie down for the test.

4) A neurologist will locate the muscle(s) to be studied.

5) The skin will be cleansed with an antiseptic solution. Next, a fine, sterile needle

will be inserted into the muscle. A metal plate will be positioned under the subject.

6) Ten or more needle insertions may be necessary for the test. The subject may

experience slight pain with the insertion of the electrode, but it is usually painless.

7) If the test is painful the subject must tell the examiner because this can interfere

with the results.

8) The subject will be asked to relax and then perform slight or full-strength muscle

contractions.

9) The electrical activity from the subject working muscle will be measured and

displayed on the oscilloscope.

10) An audio-amplifier may also be used so that both the appearance and sound of the

electrical potentials can be evaluated. If the recorder is attached to an audio-

amplifier, the subject may hear a sound like hail on a tin roof when they contract

their muscle.

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7.0 SOUND LEVEL and HAND ARM VIBRATION METER (Castle GA6224/6)

7.1 Photo of Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter

7.2 Price of Castle Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter

Worth of RM 33,000 per unit

7.3 Function of Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter

Generally, sound level meters measure sound pressure level and are commonly

used in noise pollution studies for the quantification of almost any noise, but

especially for industrial, environmental and aircraft noise.[15]

As for Castle Sound Level Meter, is ideally equipped for carrying out Noise at

Work Risk Assessments, as well as the majority of environmental survey work.

The range of parameters measured the wide measuring capability of the meter and

the ease of use, mean that this equipment is suitable for anything from aircraft

noise to lawnmower design, and from construction sites to laboratories.[16]

Figure 16; Castle Sound Level and Hand Arm Vibration Meter

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7.4 How to Use Sound Level & Hand Arm Vibration Meter

There are several measurements that can be compute by using these apparatus such as;

Calibration

1) Turn on the power switch located on the side panel.

2) Set the frequency weighting to A with the Frequency Weighting Key.

3) Set the Time Weighting to Fast with the Time Weighting Key.

4) Set the range to 30 – 120 dB using the Range Key and the Cursor Up/down

Keys.

5) Ensure the calibrator is attached to the microphone by gently inserting the

microphone into the cavity of the calibrator. (Switched on and set 94dB).

6) Adjust the calibration potentiometer on the side panel until the display shows

the output level of the GA607 for GA6224 or GA602 for GA6226

7) The calibrator automatically turns OFF after approximately one minute.

A-weighted Sound Pressure Level Measurement

1) Turn on the power switch located on the side panel.

2) Set the frequency weighting to A with the Frequency Weighting Key.

3) Set the Time Weighting to Fast with the Time Weighting Key.

4) Press the Range Key and change the range to 20-100dB using Up/down Keys.

5) Press the Range Key again to set the value.

6) Set the mode to LA with the Measurement Mode Key

7) LA will now appear on the Display

Equivalent Continuous A-weighted Sound Pressure Level Measurement

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1) Turn on the power switch located on the side panel.

2) Set the frequency weighting to A with the Frequency Weighting Key.

3) Set the Time Weighting to Fast with the Time Weighting Key.

4) Press the Range Key and change the range to 20-100dB using Up/down Keys.

5) Press the Range Key again to set the value.

6) Set the mode to Leq with the Measurement Mode Key.

7) Select the measurement time with the Measurement Time Key. Intervals of

between 1s and 24hr can be selected. If *** is selected, the measurement will

continue until the Stop Key is pressed.

8) Pressing Start/Stop Key starts the measurement and a right arrow appears in

the upper left corner of the display during measurement.

9) Measurement automatically stops at the selected time and the LAeg value

appears in the Display. If *** is selected, the measurement will continue until

the Stop Key is pressed.

Max Hold Measurement

1) Turn on the power switch located on the side panel.

2) Press the Measurement Mode Key until LAMH appears in the Display.

3) Press the Set Key and the digital display holds its maximum value and is only

updated when a new maximum value is measured.

4) Press the Set Key again resets the Max Hold Value.

5) The bar display does not hold its value, but shows an instantaneous value

updated every 0.1 seconds.

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8.0 THERMAL COMFORT and HEAT STRESS MONITOR (Babuc Data Logger)

8.1 Photo of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor

8.2 Price of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor

Cost of RM 35,000 per unit

8.3 Function of Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress

System for the measurement of all parameters which, altogether, define the

quality of the environment as to the thermic sensation of an individual.[18]

Measuring the main thermic quantities as; [18]

1) Temperature

2) Humidity

3) Ventilation, together with calculation software, it is possible to obtain the

most important ISO indexes of comfort and heat stress (hot and cold).

Figure 17; Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor

Figure 18; Thermal Comfort and

Heat Stress Monitor Setup [17]

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4) Vibration

5) Air speed

6) Heat flow

7) Gas concentration

8) Solar radiation. UVA, UVB

9) Atmospheric and differential pressure

8.4 How to Use a Thermal Comfort and Heat Stress Monitor

Programmable operating procedures;[19]

1) Instruction to store or just display the data.

2) Attributing a number to the measurement.

3) Attributing the automatic start/end date-time of the measurement.

4) Setting the acquisition rate for each probe.

5) Setting the instrument protection code.

6) Setting the display turn-off time. (BabucA only)

Direct Printing where the instruments can be connected directly to serial printers

with at least an 80-column carriage. [19]

Calculating and then display derived parameters when connected to specific

sensors. [19]

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9.0 GRAY WOLF INDOOR AIR QUALITY and TOXIC GAS (IAQ)

9.1 Photo of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ)

9.2 Price of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ)

These apparatus worth is of RM37,825.

9.3 Function of Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ)

Generally, these equipment is used to check the quality of air (gas) and as for

Gray Wolf's indoor air quality (IAQ) specifically used in; [20]

1) Simultaneous measurement of up to six (6) key IAQ indicators with one

probe; VOCs, CO2 (dilution ventilation), CO, %RH, °C/°F plus an additional

toxic gas sensor (from a broad choice of specific gases)

2) Optional particle concentration or particle count module

3) Optional air velocity probes

4) With an added probe, concurrently measure up to five additional gases

Figure 19; Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ) Setup and IQA Kit

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5) Up to 4 Gray Wolf probes (20+ sensors), plus a particulate sensor may be

connected simultaneously to any platform

6) Optional internal differential pressure sensor and/or barometric pressure

sensor (Advanced Sense or Wolf Pack only)

Gray Wolf's Toxic gas meters are available for measuring Ozone (O3), Ammonia

(NH3), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Nitric Oxide (NO), Carbon

Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), Hydrogen

Chloride (HCl), Oxygen (O2), Chlorine (Cl2), Arsine (AsH3), Phosgene, (CCl2O),

Phosphine (PH3), Silane (SiH4), Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2), Fluorine (F2),

Hydrogen (H2), Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) and Ethylene Oxide (EtO).[21]

9.4 How to Use Gray Wolf Indoor Air Quality and Toxic Gas (IAQ)

Gray Wolf's indoor air quality (IAQ) operation.[20]

1) Gray Wolf utilizes mobile PCs let to document the walk-thru in great

detail.

2) Generate professional, information-rich IAQ reports at the push of a

button. Gray Wolf IAQ monitors and meters harness the power of mobile

PCs to significantly improve the IAQ test capability.

3) Connect to Advanced Sense, Mobile Windows Pocket PCs, to

XP/Vista/WIN7 PCs or to Wolf Pack. Gray Wolf's Direct Sense kits are

typically supplied with a business grade Pocket PC included.

Gray Wolf's Toxic gas meters operation.[21]

1) Select from one up to 5 gas sensors, plus temperature, in a single probe.

Options for VOCs, Airflow, Particle Counts, CO2, %RH and more with

additional probes

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2) Plug in multiple probes (up to 4) simultaneously into a single meter

3) Connect to a Gray Wolf supplied embedded PC instrument, Windows

Mobile Pocket PC, WIN 7 Tablet/Netbook PC or to your own

Notebook/Desktop PC

4) Log portable spot measurements, or trend log (unattended) over

hours/days/weeks

5) Store enhanced survey information; data, text, audio notes and etc.

6) Auto-attach photos, videos, calibration details and more to data files

7) Desktop data transfer and reporting software is included.

8) Optional Advanced Report Generator software makes detailed report

production ultra-efficient

9) Optional Gray Wolf Live™ webhosting enables remote access via Wi-Fi

to real-time & logged data as well as to notes your operators have attached

in the field.

10) Load your own application related documents or procedures.

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10.0 ACTIWATCH 64-LIGHT

10.1 Photo of Actiwatch 64-Light

10.2 Price of Actiwatch 64-Light

Actiwatch 64-light is worth of RM 28,000

10.3 Function of Actiwatch 64-Light

The Actiwatch-64 device is used in research and clinical settings to detect and record

wrist motion of human subjects during wake and sleep period. [23]

10.4 How to Use Actiwatch 64-Light

There are several of procedure related to Actiwatch 64-Light as; [23]

Fixture Trials

1) To display equivalence of activity data from the Actiwatch devices, activity

data were recorded from eight of each Actiwatch models (Actiwatch- 64,

Actiwatch 2, and Actiwatch Spectrum).

Figure 21; Actiwatch [22] Figure 20; Actiwatch 64-Light

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2) Individual devices were selected at random to be tested. Each was configured

with an epoch length of 15 seconds using Actiware 5.5 application software.

3) A validated, calibrated, NIST-traceable mechanical wave motion fixture swept

each device through a distance of +/- 5 cm at different frequencies ranging

from 0.5 Hz to 4 Hz. The various movement frequencies simulate different

intensities of human physicalactivity.

4) After each test, data were transferred from each device to a personal computer

using the Actiware software application via the ActiReader and

communication docks.

5) No additional signal conditioning or processing was used after data transfer.

Pair Device Trial

1) To illustrate the substantial equivalence of activity data and sleep statistics

received from the three models of Actiwatch under typical usage conditions,

time-synchronized, matched pairs of devices (one Actiwatch-64 along with

either an Actiwatch 2 or Actiwatch Spectrum) were worn by 12 research

subjects for up to 14 days.

2) Device pairs were configured identically and attached together firmly to

ensure that consistency of the orientation for the pairs was maintained. Sleep

statistics were derived from 20 individual rest intervals using the default

analytical settings for the Actiware software.

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11.0 CH- 5900 SPINE DISORDER AND ANATOMY MODEL

11.1 Photo of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model

11.2 Price of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model

Each model worth of RM 1,350

11.3 Function of CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model

The model show several disorders such as; [24]

1) Bone spurs

2) Herniated disc

3) 3 vertebrae divided to show compression fractures

Figure 22; CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and

Anatomy Model

27

4) Osteoporosis

5) Bone tumor

6) Arthritis of the hip.

11.4 How to Use CH- 5900 Spine Disorder and Anatomy Model

Review on disorder affecting the Spine and the basic of anatomy by using the

model as a medium for better understanding.

Spinal curvatures that are colour- coded represent the major structures and, in

certain instances, lesions or other abnormalities. Includes occipital bone and

cerebellum, circle of Willis, vertebral artery, spinal nerves with sciatic nerve,

right brachial plexus, and 1st and 2nd ribs, sacroiliac ligaments and several

muscles including: subocciptal triangle, longus capitis, scalene muscles, psoas

major and minor, iliacus, gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis and

gemellus.[25]

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REFERENCES

[1] http://mentone-educational.com.au/product/Anthropometer-Measuring-Set--PE036

[2] http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-anthropometer.htm

[3] http://www.timeoutmassage.com.au/zen/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=653

[4] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes3/cdrom/nchs/manuals/anthro.pdf

[5] http://www.rehaboutlet.com/goniometers.htm

[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniometer

[7] http://www.ehow.com/how_4545736_record-goniometric-measurements.html

[8] http://prohealthcareproducts.com/pinch-gauges-c-3/jamar-hydraulic-pinch-gauge-p-86

[9] http://www.assistireland.ie/eng/Products_Directory/Healthcare_Products/Assessment_Test_Equipm

ent/Pinch_Gauge_Dynamometers/Jamar_Hydraulic_Pinch_Gauge1.html)

[10] https://www.chponline.com/store/pdfs/78010manual.pdf

[11] http://www.brbiomedicals.com/foot_scan.html

[12] http://www.oregonfootclinic.com/f-scan.html

[13] http://www.desonmedical.com/tekscan.htm#F-Scan®_VersaTek®_System__bipedal_in-

shoe_analysis_

[14] http://www.muschealth.com/gs/TandPcontent.aspx?pageid=P07656

[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_level_meter

[16] http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Castle-GA6224-Class-1-Data-Logging-Sound-Level-Meter-

/120503326519

[17] http://www.precicon.com.sg/Home/Solution/IndoorAirQuality/tabid/1463/language/en-

GB/Default.aspx

[18] http://www.lsi-lastem.it/deposito/pdf/MW8501.BabucMA.pdf

[19] http://www.precicon.com.sg/Portals/28/docs/Green/MW8501.BabucMA.pdf

[20] http://wolfsense.com/directsense-iaq-indoor-air-quality-monitor.html

[21] http://www.wolfsense.com/multi-toxic-gas-meter-monitors.html

[22] http://www.jdinstruments.com/actiwatch.html

[23] http://minimitter.respironics.com/downloads/researchreports.pdf

[24] http://www.komkare.com/misc/charts/ch5900.html

[25] http://www.anatomywarehouse.com/budget-muscle-spine--anatomy-model-with-disorders-with-

stand-104