LAB – The Axial Skeleton

OBJECTIVES: ü Describe the organs of the skeletal system ü Describe the gross and microscopic structure of bone tissue ü List the primary functions of the skeletal system ü Identify the major bones of the skeletal system ü Identify a ligament and tendon

STATION 1: Mr. Skeleton

A. Divisions of the Skeletal System 1. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Locate them on Smitty. B. Major Bones of the Skeletal System

SKULL 2. The skull consists of 8 cranial and 14 facial bones. It also contains many cavities and air-filled spaces. Locate the following on Smitty: Frontal bone, Parietal bone,

Temporal bone, Occipital bone, Maxilla, Mandible, Nasal Bone, Eye Orbit, Zygomatic Bone

Check in with a teacher! J 3. Label the following diagrams. Label only those parts specified on your answer sheet! SKULL #1

• Bone 2 • Bone 3 • Bone 4 • Bone 7 • Bone 8 • Bone 11 • Bone 12

SKULL #2 • Bone 2 • Bone 4 • Bone 5 • Bone 12 • Bone 14 • Bone 15 • Bone 16 • Bone 18 • Bone 19 • Bone 20

SKULL #3

• Orifice 5 • Bone 6 • Bone 9/10

SKULL #4

• Bone 2

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VERTEBRAL COLUMN 7. The vertebrae of the spinal column are divided into five sections. Locate the vertebral sections on Smitty. Check in with a teacher! J 8. Refer to the diagram to the right and write the names of the five vertebral sections on your answer sheet! THORACIC CAGE 10. Locate the following on Smitty. Check in with a teacher! J Sternum, true rib, floating rib, costal cartilage, clavicle 11. Refer to the diagram to the right and label on your answer sheet! Refer to the terms in question 10.

STATION 2: ActiveBoard Skeleton Enjoy using the Magic Pen and practice identifying the major bones of the skeleton! When you think you know the answers, click again to check!

NOTE: Be VERY CAREFUL with the Magic Pen. A gentle touch!!

STATION 3: Identify that Bone A. Bone Types

15. Classify the bones based on the four major shape categories: Long, Short, Flat, or Irregular. Check in with a teacher! J

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STATION 4: Research 16. Research the following. Include: Definition, Symptoms, and Treatment a. Osteoarthritis

b. Osteoporosis c. Bursitis

STATION 5: Coloring

NEATLY complete the coloring sheets of the skull and thoracic cage.

STATION 6: Question Place Answer the following questions on your answer sheet.

1. What makes up the axial skeleton? 2. What is the foramen magnum? 3. What is the function/purpose of the thoracic cage? Explain how its structure relates to its function. 4. Why are some ribs called true ribs and other are called false ribs? What are floating ribs? 5. Why do you think the vertebral column is curved? 6. Use a directional term to complete each item correctly.

a. The frontal bone is ______ to the occipital bone. b. The mandible is mostly ______ to the maxilla. c. The parietal bones are ______ to the frontal bone. d. The thoracic vertebrae are ______ to the lumbar vertebrae.