BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II PROJECT:Understanding Forces in Solid Structure and Surface StructureALEXANDER CHUNG SIANG YEE (1003A78541)EVELYN SINUGROHO (0318217)JULIA SHEN JAYA (0317774)LIM CHOON WAH (0311265)LINGLING YUAN MING (0318758)WONG TENG CHUN (0318538)

LANDESGARTENSCHAU EXHIBITION HALL

CONTENTPROJECT INTRODUCTION............................................1

BUILDING INTRODUCTION............................................2

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS........................................3

CONSTRUCTION METHODS......................................... 4-5

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS....................................... 6

MODELLING PROCESS................................................. 7-8

TRIATRIAL AND ERROR.........................................................9

LOAD AND FORCES......................................................10

FINAL MODEL..................................................................11

CONCLUSION.................................................................12

REFERENCE...................................................................13

PROJECT INTRODUCTIONNormally a different type of structural system is comprise in a building due to its function or code requirement. It is very important to understand where and when for each type of different structure is used and identification of the structure whether it is solid or surface structure which is the two construction method mostly used for building structure. Solid and surface structure contribute for both load bearing resistance and aesthetics.resistance and aesthetics.

Learning Outcomes:

- Identifications of basic structural systems in construction - Compare solid and surface construction systems. - Differentiate solid and surface construction systems in terms of loads and forces acting on structural elements. -- Recognize and apply the implications of construction system in design. - Analyse the issues of strength, stiffness and stability of structures including modes of structural systems, forces, stress and strain and laws of static.

1

BUILDINGINTRODUCTIONLandesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is a showcase building that was build in 2014 and introduced by ICD/ITKE/IGGS University of Stuttgart in Germany. With the main structure that are using robotically prefabricated beech plywood plates, created a lightweight building. Dimension of this exhibition hall is 125 m2 floor space. The biomemetic design of this Landesgarfenschau is to achieve “less materials” through “more form”.through “more form”.

The structure of this building is consist of 243 geometrically differentiated beech plywood plates as a main structure including insulation, water proofing and cladding. Structural stability was located at the interlocking method of each hexagonal to another hexagonal using 7600 individual finger joints.

2

ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING

Roof PlanNot to scale

3

Section A -A

Front Elevation

Not to scale

CONSTRUCTION METHODThe Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall was conceived at the University of Stuttgart as part of the “Robotic in Timber Construction” research project. The reason why they selected beech plywood is for their properties of lightness, strength, local availability and alignment with resource-sensitive forestry practices in their country.

The unique shape of five to seven sided plywood panel were generated through The unique shape of five to seven sided plywood panel were generated through computational design tool and fabricated with accuracy of 0.86mm. The total amount of the panels is about 243 pieces that required about a minute of programming and 20 minutes for fabrication. These panel are being transported and pre-fabricated on-site for duration of three weeks for completion before taking it down in another four weeks time.

TTemporary framework was build to shape the form of building in a result each beech plywood panel is placed at right position with finger joint before it become the primary load bearing itself. Protecting layer such as vapour barrier and cladding is added to provide protection as the plywood panel has high potential to get damage to climate.

4

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Beech plywood plates EPDM (ethylene propylene diene terpolymer)

6Fibreboard Curtain glass

Steel Tee Beam

Aluminum Frame

Wood Plank FlooringPavement Brick

Center Glazed Aluminum Casement

Concrete

5

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

The material we used for 1:50 scale model, are brown board as interior surface structure and balsa wood as exterior surface structure. For 1:10 scale model, we used Mdf board, transparent plastic, black paper and balsa wood. The modelling process is as follow

1. Unwrapped the 3d model in rhino using ‘unroll’ command to be printed.

2. Print the unwrapped model and builtit up for experiment before building the nal.

8. Mdf board trimmed using wood cutter.

79. Marking other board to be trimmed.This serve as a different layer in structure.3. The built up printed model are used as reference.

4. Built up 1st layer of surface structureusing brown board.

5. Balsa wood cutted tinto pieces according to the printed unwrapped 3d model.

7. Using mdf, make oor slab and stand for strcuture.

6. Balsa wood then sticked to for outermost structure.

MODELLING PROCESS

MODELLING PROCESS

8

10. Metal Bracing is atached to the backof the plates.

11. Wood ller is added in the gap of angledinterlocking plates.

12. Another layer of wood is sticked on topof the plates

13. One plate serve to show the construction layers of structure.

15. Finishing of 1:10 scale model.

14. Built up the other two layering plates

TRIAL AND ERROR

Trial:Using Paper to link each hexagonal to others

9

Error:Inaccurate dimensions

Error:Hard to identify each pieces connect to next piece

Error:Gaps at the model

Trial:Cut each pieces of each hexagonal shape

Trial:Trial form of final model

The primary structure were consist of beech plywood plates which used interlock connection call box joint to form light load bearing structure. The lightweight timber layer serves as both structure and envelope. The structural loads that occur around the plate’s edges are transferred to base plane through nger joints (gures 1). The surface are experiencing two shear forces , which include in plane shear shear forces (yellow arrow) and out of plane shear forces (blue arrow) which transfer the stress accross the composition. Tension forces (green arrow) is a key to make a building stand still. It distributed the tensions from nger joints to each other places that form a building without any gaps.

10

LOAD ANDFORCES

FINAL MODEL

Roof PlanN.T.S

Final ModelN.T.S

Detailsl ModelN.T.S 11

CONCLUSIONTrough research and modelling process , ir make us easier to identify and differentiate between the construction methods of solid and surface structure. Both of them has a different way to transfer the load and forces, at the same time give an outer aesthetics. In this project, we also had learn what is the advantage and disadvantage of each material and how to preserve it.The knowledge that we had learn in this project will it.The knowledge that we had learn in this project will help guide us how to apply this construction and structure method in the future

12

REFERENCESArchDaily. (2014, July 09). Landesgarthenschau Exhibition Hall/ICD/ITKE/IIGS University of Stuttgart. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/520897/landesgartenschau-exhibition-hall-icd-itke-iigs-university-of-stuttgart/

Brownell, Blaine. (2014, August 26). Made in Germany by Robots. Architect Magazine. Retrieved from http://ww-w.architectmagazine.com/technology/detail/made-in-germany-by-robots_o

DeZeen Magazine. (2014, June) Landesgartenshcau Exhibiton Hall is a Plywood Pavillion Made by Robots. De Zeen Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/06/24/landesgartenschau-exhibi-tion-hall-at-university-of-stuttgart-robot-prefabricated-plywood/

Stinson,Lib. (2014, March 07). A Strange Peanut-Shaped building designed by Algorithms. Retrieved from http://ww-w.wired.com/2014/07/this-peanut-shaped-building-was-designed-by-computers/

Universitat Stuttgart. (n.d). Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall. Retrieved from http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=11173

13