Landscape Design Principles & Concepts

Landscape Design Principles&

Concepts

Horticulture I CPMr. TraegerMarch 2014

Introductory Horticulture Hort I CPLandscape Design Principles and Concepts

Big Idea: To apply the principles of landscaping, maintenance, & xeriscaping to an actual setting to understand the goals of the landscape profession.

Essential Question:How can a well designed landscape benefit the environment the property owners.

PA Standards for Environment & Ecology:

Lessons Objectives:• List the main objectives of good residential landscaping.• List the five principles of landscape design & examples of an application of

each principle.• List the technical procedures for landscape maintenance.• Calculate the volume of mulch needed to cover a landscape bed.• List the basic concepts of xeriscaping.• Identify plants that can be used in a xeriscape setting.• List the ways the soil can be improved to conserve water.• Explain why mulches are important to landscaping.• Explain what a water garden is.• List the different types of irrigation systems used in the United States.• List five green roof plants.• List three hardscape paving and three softscape paving materials.• Describe the three major career fields within the landscape profession.

I. The Landscape Industry.

• A. Professional Careers– Landscape architects: professionals who integrate

the disciplines of science & art and know how plants & landscape factors will react to the environment around them.

• 4 or 5 years of college required • State license required• On the job training.• Experience with 3-D computer designs.

I. Landscape Industry.

• B. Landscape Plan– The landscape plan is a collection of graphic

symbols that represent trees, shrubs, flowers, buildings and other constructed materials necessary to the proposed landscape.

B. Landscape Plan example.

II. The Objectives of Residential Landscaping.

• The objective of residential landscaping are to serve the needs and desires of people in development of the outdoor environment.– Outdoor living space– Children’s play area– Flower gardens– Vegetable gardens– Pool or hot tub – Dog runs– Outdoor kitchen

A. Goals of Residential Landscaping.

• To determine the exact landscape needs and desires of the homeowners.

• To determine the capabilities of the land (site) to fulfill those needs & desires.

• To develop the outdoor living areas of the landscape in a manner similar to the way indoor living areas are developed.

• To design the landscape in such a way that maintenance practices do not exceed that which the homeowner is willing to do.

• To keep costs within the budget of the homeowner.

B. Client Survey.• How many family members are there? What are their ges?• How much does the family use the outdoor areas around the home?• Does the family entertain frequently? Large groups or small groups?• How much privacy from the neighbors and passing cars do they desire?• How much maintenance are they willing to do in the upkeep of the

landscape?• Are there certain plants they are fond of, dislike, or are allergic to?

III. Drawing Instruments

• T-Square• Lettering Template• 45/45 degree & 45/90 degree triangles• Compass• Protractor• French Curve• Architect Scale• Rolling Ruler


http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=t+square&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=W0koF6NJ0pwDiM&tbnid=iBs2Gg4QuQMIEM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourdictionary.com%2Ft-square&ei=PDQGU-fTHIbXkQfTw4CgAg&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNGooUzxx7RhaogsxF6mM7SSMIv6mA&ust=1393001910928166

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=45%2F45%20and%2045%2F90%20plastic%20triangle&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OgQagkU4hRHhrM&tbnid=6sje8ldhPRNfSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FTriangle-Set-10-30-60%2Fdp%2FB000HFUEOU&ei=uzQGU5C3IIqukAeV-YHYBQ&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNF3lKNL_K12CU-hg-uNuVGtqQ_72A&ust=1393002029018823

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=protractor&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=pLOptEmUMyt2uM&tbnid=KhMiKfj0gx5y0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawrencegoetz.com%2Fprotrace.htm&ei=cjUGU4_mCIivkAec8IFg&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNEivnesh4wj6BP8waezm2b5vMz4ew&ust=1393002213777318

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=french%20curve&source=images&cd=&docid=uRJibp4ljxnLQM&tbnid=XvH0P2czLeLhHM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.binding.com%2Fproductdetail.aspx%3Fid%3DALVN-FC3401&ei=1zUGU-G4MISqkAe9qYHwAw&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNFJMpWDJrrAmpfEbK_7HXZDN_wdEg&ust=1393002314871922


http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architect+scale&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=YmWWA1w-cZvYwM&tbnid=EhpncVIcbJFK5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cutting-mats.net%2F2478.html&ei=VjYGU72EDtO1kQfEn4DYAQ&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNGR6d9uLGuLyDWQk0no9A0D-WNE6Q&ust=1393002431253092

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architect+scale&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oO5mtCFYu5hdmM&tbnid=MyuS3pIxfd9PGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fltgeosystems.com%2Fdrafting-supplies%2Fpacific-arc-92120-12-white-architect-scale-pac92120%2F&ei=mDYGU8CMKYXMkAeHhoGADA&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNF0Qx8WFFi0ih_9OP7B_oktut_PZg&ust=1393002484872226

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rolling%20ruler&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=lmGtHwjORpR0JM&tbnid=KEYYq7Jad4H0NM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fforums.hardwarezone.com.sg%2Feat-drink-man-woman-16%2Fgadgets-rocked-your-world-90%2592s-4266267-82.html&ei=1jYGU5-yIITtkQfk-oGoCA&bvm=bv.61725948,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNGpsh5V0rJASg6mM4mOgBQUcp2etQ&ust=1393002557711256

A. Landscape Scale

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architect+scale+ruler&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Umh0Ex1vAJs6jM&tbnid=uqnApfsNgBwAHM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsupply.com%2Falvin%2Fscales.htm&ei=8gMWU-ThIpPGkQfCv4HICQ&bvm=bv.62286460,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNH5oyGDvP0sduNX2bS8Ec-qUse3zA&ust=1394038073901350

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architect+scale+ruler&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=DPjoZULmqpUN7M&tbnid=mB62GzaNx7reMM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsmccdesign-brown.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F09%2Freading-scale-ruler.html&ei=TQQWU_u7HcnnkAfSu4GgCQ&bvm=bv.62286460,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNH5oyGDvP0sduNX2bS8Ec-qUse3zA&ust=1394038073901350

A. Landscape Scale

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=using%20an%20architect%20scale%20ruler&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=iZ0qqnN56rQ7-M&tbnid=GOiq0sHkvGPOvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabindesignandbuilding.com%2Fask-andy-architectural-scale%2F&ei=TAgWU-nuGJCqkAep5YGoBw&psig=AFQjCNGw_mpXnRVdlg2Xj4OHHUOQUbIFsw&ust=1394039229055630

IV. Lettering

• Lettering Lines: 3 horizontal lines ¼” apart.• Letters & Numbers are written block style.• DO NOT MIX UPPER & LOWER CASE LETTERS!• Do not crowd letters.• Do not over space letters.

IV. Lettering Examples

IV. Lettering Examples.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architectural+design+lettering&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=qeyqnNSk1XADpM&tbnid=fchHcNpFG536YM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flittlenostalgia.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F03%2Fwhat-interior-design-school-is-like.html&ei=yg0WU7n7DJG2kAeo34GgDQ&bvm=bv.62286460,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNF309z4a875SWKR5t1YQw8E-roaqA&ust=1394040614209994

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=architectural+design+lettering&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xWxUsP2YP6BS5M&tbnid=45Yc014-tY0V9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kellscraft.com%2FEssentialsofLettering%2FEssentialsofLetteringCh02.html&ei=9w4WU9qNK8uGkQeJo4GwDg&bvm=bv.62286460,d.eW0&psig=AFQjCNF309z4a875SWKR5t1YQw8E-roaqA&ust=1394040614209994

V. Views• Functional View

– Initial design concept, permits the client and designer to work through the design concept.

V. Views

• Plan View– Common drawing prepared by a landscaper,

drawn to scale and viewed as seen from above.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landscape+plan+view&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=CCS2kI3wDKg-7M&tbnid=qZLYmXcJ8b32vM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsonbroslandscape.com%2FLandscapeDesign.htm&ei=ZVILU7n7JMbSkQedloGYBA&bvm=bv.61725948,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFYPRzKPo13MLgAEs_UHlVl8dGyIg&ust=1393337290920747

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landscape+plan+view&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=NNCkRF9cZouoQM&tbnid=sVn1j24w0_34GM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https%3A%2F%2Faggie-horticulture.tamu.edu%2Fearthkind%2Fplanning-the-home-landscape%2F&ei=wFILU7rrKYKnkQeEg4DIDA&bvm=bv.61725948,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFYPRzKPo13MLgAEs_UHlVl8dGyIg&ust=1393337290920747

V. Views• Plan View

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landscape+plan+view&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=IVGMZTZ0H8qFiM&tbnid=5eV4RIcI9iTtjM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landscapeonline.com%2Fresearch%2Farticle%2F6997&ei=IlMLU5GTIoiokQeH1ICACA&bvm=bv.61725948,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFYPRzKPo13MLgAEs_UHlVl8dGyIg&ust=1393337290920747

V. Views• Plan View

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=landscape+plan+view&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=-6z80OH5HDz7uM&tbnid=_u8mBy7PyjQ9EM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpinecrestgardenguy.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fchoosing-landscape-architect.html&ei=rlMLU82xONDSkQfgxYDIDg&bvm=bv.61725948,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNFYPRzKPo13MLgAEs_UHlVl8dGyIg&ust=1393337290920747

V. Views• Elevation View

– Scaled drawing, with both horizontal & vertical dimensions.

V. Views• Perspective Views

– Allows multiple sides of a proposed project to be seen in one drawing.– Though drawn to scale none of the lines are measurable because of

receding lines.

V. Views• Axonometric View

– Scaled drawing, views multiple sides.

V. Views• Axonometric View

VI. Landscape Symbols




• Deciduous Trees



• Vines.


• Construction Symbols

VII. Labeling• Plant Species Code

Documents

Landscape Design Principles & Concepts