Language in Use

Reading

Project

Culture Tips

Homework

Warming-up

1. Listen to the song. What is the main message in these lines?

Warming-up

Warming-up

Life

is to

o

short

Have you ever seen the morning? When the sun comes up the shoreAnd the silence teach the beauty for the sound Have you ever set there waiting? For the time to stand still For all the worlds and stars From turning around And you run 'Cause life is too short And you run 'Cause life is too short

Have you ever seen the glory? When the moon is on the rise And the dreams are close To the ones that we love

Warming-up

Have you ever set there waiting? For heaven to give a sign So we could find the place Where angels come from

And you run (and you run) 'Cause life is too short And you run (and you run) 'Cause life is too short

There’s a time that turns Turn back time But I don’t see I can It only works If you believe in the truth

Warming-up

But there’s a time to live And a time to cry But if you’re by my side I will try to catch a star I’ll try to catch a star Just for you And I run Life is too short And I run (and I run) 'Cause life is too short

And I run And I run And I run And I run And I run …

Warming-up

2. Test Your Time Management Skills. YES or NO.

Do you plan tomorrow's work today?

Have you learned to perform routine chores at your daily "low” ebb and creative tasks at your "high" peak?

Do you get unpleasant duties out of the way as soon as possible?

Have you tried a "preview/review": running the day through your head on the way to work or class?

Are you able to deal bluntly with people who waste your time?

Do you know how to log your time - that is, occasionally write down just how long it takes to accomplish each day's tasks?

Warming-up

When you promise you'll get something done on time, do you always try to keep your word?

Do you set aside a portion of each day to think, create and plan?

Is your desk or other workplace or study area tidy? Can you find what you need without wasting time?

Do you have an efficient filing or equipment organization?

Do you know how to choose your most productive tasks?

Do you know exactly what your top priorities are?

Warming-up

Evaluate your score:

If you responded "yes" to 10-12 of the questions above, you handle your time excellently.

If you responded "yes" to 7-9 of the questions, you are good, but still have room to grow.

If you responded "yes" to 6 or below, you are wasting valuable time, and may not even know it.

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Reading

Task 1 Pre-reading ActivitiesTask 1 Pre-reading Activities

Task 2 Reading ComprehensionTask 2 Reading Comprehension

Task 3 After-reading ActivitiesTask 3 After-reading Activities

Pre-reading Activities

Before you read, discuss the following questions in groups.

1. How do you manage your time? If you have a lot of things to do in a day, how will you deal with them?

2. Have you heard about the 80/20 principle before? What does it mean?

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Reading Comprehension

The 80/20 Principle and Time Management

1 In the early part of the 20th century, an economist named Vilfredo Pareto came up with a mathematical system that explained the unequal share of wealth in society. He determined that in most societies, 80 percent of the wealth is almost always held by 20 percent of the population.

2 When the mathematical system was introduced by Pareto, a number of specialists in other fields noticed that it could be applied to different areas as well. By the 1940s, this system came to be known as the 80/20 principle.

Reading Comprehension

3 Over time, it eventually became what is called a universal principle. In a nutshell, the 80/20 principle states that 20 percent of anything will be important while 80 percent will be insignificant. This principle can be applied to virtually anything, whether it is business, economics, or science. The 80/20 principle always works both ways. If you have a warehouse filled with supplies, 20 percent of it will take up 80 percent of the space. If you are the manager of a sales department, the 80/20 principle should tell you that 80 percent of the sales you make will only come from 20 percent of your employees.

Reading Comprehension

4 When it comes to time management, the 80/20 principle states that you will want to focus on 20 percent of the most important things you need to get done. Of all the tasks you will carry out in a single day, only 20 percent of it will be truly relevant. This means that 80 percent of the things you will do are not as important. Your job is to find the 20 percent of tasks which are the most important. If you find that you are not able to complete all the tasks for a given day, you will want to make sure that these tasks do not belong to the 20 percent of the most important things that you need to get done.

Reading Comprehension

5 It should be easy to see why the 80/20 principle is important for time management. If you compare people who are successful with those who are not, you will often find that the unsuccessful people spent most of their time working on tasks that made up the 80 percent. They didn’t put an emphasis on things that made up the 20 percent, or they didn’t work on them at all. On a personal level, you may be wondering what things make up the 80 percent. The things that make up the 80 percent are dependent on your goals. Generally, they may include watching television, talking on the phone, going to parties or clubs, or doing anything else that is not related to your goals.

Reading Comprehension

6 Tasks that fall under the 20 percent are things that many people usually don’t like doing. However, it is this 20 percent that will play the most important part in your success or failure. Examples of general things which make up the 20 percent are doing taxes, market research, studying, or practice. While these tasks may be boring to many, they are the factors that will play a role in your success or failure. People who are successful will spend most of their time focusing on the 20 percent of things that really matter, and will not place their main energy on things that make up the 80 percent.

Reading Comprehension

7 The 80/20 principle is a simple, yet powerful tool. If you master it, you can apply it to any area of your life. When it comes to time management, you will want to find out the most important things which make up the 20 percent. Once you find them, focus your energy on them. This principle can only work if you focus on the right thing. If you focus on the 80 percent, you will fail every time. Whilst there is virtually no limit to the way the 80/20 principle can be used, it’s necessary to spend time studying where it can be applied in the different areas of your life.

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After-reading Activities

Do you agree or disagree

with the statement that the

80/20 principle can be used

anywhere? Discuss with your

partners.

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Language in Use

22 Vocabulary Building22 Vocabulary Building

11 Grammar Development11 Grammar Development

Grammar Development

A lot of students have been confused by older textbooks which refer to “will” as “the future tense”. A key factor to remember about “will” is that when we use “will” we are not always talking about the future.

In these examples “will” is clearly referring to the future ：If I see her, I'll tell her about it.Next year she'll be 42.

However, in these examples “will” is referring to events happening at the present ：

My car won't start. I'll answer that. Will you have another cup of tea?

Grammar Development

When we use “will” referring to the present, the idea being expressed is usually one of “showing willingness” or “will power” ：

e.g. I am the boss. You will do as I say. I need quiet to write this but he will keep on talking to me.

Use “will” for requests, orders, invitations and offers:

e.g. Will you help me? Will you please sit down?

Use “will” for promises and threats:

e.g. I'll do it at once. I'll remember this.

Grammar Development

Use “will” for habit:

e.g. A cat will always find a warm place to sleep. My car won't go any faster than this.

Use “will” for deduction:

e.g. The phone's ringing. That will be Mark. I expect he'll want us to start without him.

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Vocabulary Building

Back-formation refers to either the process of creating a new "word by removing actual or supposed affixes, or to the neologism formed by such a process. Back-formations are shortened words created from longer words, thus back-formations may be viewed as a sub-type of clipping.

adsorb adolesce aesthete automate bibliograph biograph burgle caretakechemistcomputerizecongratulationdeconstructdedifferentiatedestruct

adsorption adolescence

aestheticautomationbibliographybiography

burglarcaretaker

chemist computerized

congratulations deconstructiondedifferentiationdestruction

Vocabulary Building

diagnosediplomatdonateevaluategreedhandwritehousebreakhousecleanhousekeepinjureisolatekidnaplazemanipulateorientate

diagnosisdiplomatic donationevaluationgreedyhandwritinghousebrokenhousecleaninghousekeeperinjuryisolatedkidnapper lazymanipulationorientation

Vocabulary Building

shopliftsightseesleepwalktranscripttypewritevaccinate

shopliftersightseeing sleepwalkingtranscription typewritervaccination

Vocabulary Building

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Project

Can you manage your time better?

You need to understand what you are

really trying to achieve and prioritise y

our efforts. This project should increa

se your personal effectiveness and pr

oductivity and make your study and lif

e more satisfying.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3Present to the class

Write an action list

Project

Talk to your neighbor

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Culture Tips

Time management, as a project management subse

t, is more commonly known as project planning and/or

project scheduling.

Many authors offered a categorization scheme for t

he hundreds of time management approaches that they

reviewed:

reminders (based on clocks, but with computer implementation possible) can be used to alert of the time when a task is to be done.

First generation:

Second generation: planning and preparation (based on calendar and appointment books) includes setting goals.

planning, controlling (using a personal organizer, other paper-based objects, or computer-based systems) activities on a daily basis. This approach implies spending some time in clarifying values and priorities.

Third generation:

being efficient and proactive (using any tools above) places goals and roles as the controlling element of the system and favors importance over urgency.

Fourth generation:

Culture Tips

BACKBACK

Fill in the Covey’s four-quadrant TO-DO every day

and finish your listed task follow the order in the

table.

Due SoonDue Soon Not Due SoonNot Due Soon

43

2ImportantImportant

NotImportant

NotImportant

1

Homework