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Temporal di Ifercncc Optical now

I Intcllienl transporatioJ1 ~ystems Frame 2 Chang detection

(~s) )UI4lBUJ I0]klA lJoddns Ii

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11 Edge image quantization

ltSIr ~ f~

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(~s) )UI4lBUJ I0]klA lJoddns Ii

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7c-P ~IC C( 1-7 ~l ~bltbC

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I~r 511-11 C(T ~~gt~I ri

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bull

(iJ1)

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Non-maximum supprLsion (NMS)

ltSrS~ D f rY- o~) s-)r ltSrU

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ltSI~ ~I~ ltIb- r )~ J-oL ltS)~ ~) sJ

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~ 01gt 0) 1 ~

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amp) ~ jI u))gt lt4ttgt )) 45 1 ))gt ~

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I 1iJ [ 1J ~I~ r~ )) JL 0JS ~-

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v) D g(xI)R2---+R r~ ~)I ~ )1gt shy

))~ ~L- -

( )

IIVg(xv)11= ~(r+[ ~J (1)

ltp(Xbull1) = tan -I( J Coy

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11 Edge image quantization

ltSIr ~ f~

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r) ~I JS-- )~rl

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L_ltST ~

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(iJ1)

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NMS ~)~I L lAw s)--S j[ ~ (L) bull-11 ~

L9 ) I) ~L-- ltSIr ltS)~ ) ))

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0)1) L (iJI- ~ ) 1 1_ - I o~ bull )u - )~ ~

r~ )) lJw )~ oOLo 45 )kw 1 o~

r~ r 1 )) ~ )) ~I~ ~ ~)I

ltb- Jjj w w )~ ltSu~ ~ lt$lt- 0

~) ~lS ~r ~I~ JLo j-I 1

)) ))gt JL ~ )) w )Lt~ ~)~I

1fL~ r)~ ji ) jI 0)~1 I IiJ

ltS_Sjl I) ~)I r~ )) )~r ltSuw (NMS)

Non-maximum supprLsion (NMS)

ltSrS~ D f rY- o~) s-)r ltSrU

)))r~

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o~ o)) J l JL ltSjj ))~ )) 45 )kw

ltSI~ ~I~ ltIb- r )~ J-oL ltS)~ ~) sJ

~ )) w )Lt~ ~b w r~ ltS-ltS~

I 0)~1 ~ 5))gt ~ ltS -ltS~ chshyrr-~ D ltIb- r ~ lt101)1 )) ~ ) )r ~L

~ 01gt 0) 1 ~

))

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amp) ~ jI u))gt lt4ttgt )) 45 1 ))gt ~

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I 1iJ [ 1J ~I~ r~ )) JL 0JS ~-

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v) D g(xI)R2---+R r~ ~)I ~ )1gt shy

))~ ~L- -

( )

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T bull (7] H Ko I L~~ O Han EITective multi-vehicle trocking in nighttime condition using imaging sensors 10Cpound TraIlS In( amp SIsbull Vol E86-0 No9 2003 (Ii] pi Rosin Thresholding for change detection CampIIei Vision and Imagc CnderstJllding Vol 86 No2 pp 79-952002 [9] 1R Park~r Gray-level thresholding il] badly illuminated images IEEpound Trans Putlern IfnallSis and Machine IntcligenC Vol 13 pp 813-819 1991 [10] C StaufTer and E Grimson Learning Panerns of Activity Uing Real-Time Tracking IEEpound Trans Palffrn Analysis and Machin( IlJt(liglncc Vol 22 No8 pp 747shy7572000 [II] H Nag1c On the ~stimation or ortieal 110 relations between different arproaches ilnd some new results Artificial 111I ( ligcllcc Vol 33 pr 299-324 19R7 [12] N Paragios and R O~riche Geodesic active contours and levcl sciS for the dctection and tracking of moving objects 1poundFr Tmns PAMI Vol 22 pp 266-2XO 2000 [13] A Mitchie and S Scida Intcrrrdation of structure and motion from line conespondence IEEf Con( Palfern Recognition 1986 [14J K Skifstnd and A Ja in Illumination independent change detection for real world sequence Compllcr middotis ion Graphics and Image Proccssing 46387-399 19R9 [15] AA Ambardekar Ejicient Vehicle hacking and Classification for al1 Alltomatcd Traffic SlIncilancc Sl5Iem MSc Thesis University of Nevada Reno December 2007 [16] B Leung Compuncnt-based Car DCleclion ill SireN Scene Imagcs MSc thesis MIT 2004 [17] F Mahmoudi J Shanbehzadch A-M EftekharishyMolhadam and H Soltanian-Zadeh Ifrnage retrieval oas~d on shape simibrity by edge oricnt~tion auto-correlogram Palfern Rccognition vol 23 pp 1725-17362003 [18] H Abri shami Mogh~ddam T Taghi71deh Khajoic AH Rouhib M Saadatmand-Tarzjan Wavelet cOlTelogram a ne aprroach ror image indexing and retJeval Pallern Recognilion Vol 38 pr 2500-2518 2005 [19] Haykin NCllral Networks A Comprehcnsivc FOlndalion Prentice Hall 2nd ed 1999 [20] Milan Sonka Imagc Processing Anahsis and Machine Vision Thompson Lcrllling 3rd ed Toronto 2008 [21 ] R C Gonzalc R E Woods Digital Image Processil7g Prentice-Hall 2nd cd 2003

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[I] CN E Anagnostopoulos IE Anagnostopoulos LOllmos and E Kayafas A license platc-rccognitit algorithm for intelligent transportation system applicatioll shyIEeE Trans Inleligel1l Trallsporation Systems Vol 7 No ~ pp 377-3922006 [2] G Garihotto P Castdlo EO Ninno P Pedrazzi and G Zan Speed-vision sre~gtd measurement by licence plm reading and tracking IEEE 117f(ligc111 Transportation Cunf pp 585-590200 I [3] A Angel M Hickman P Mirchandani and 0 Chandnani Mel hods of analyzing traffic imagery COllect from aerial platforms I[EL 7jmiddotans Il1t( ligen Trunspor(( II Ssiems Vol 4 No 2 pr99-107 2003 [4] KP Kannann and A Brandt Moving Object recognitr using an adaptive background memory Proc Tim VmTIR _ Image Processing 1990 [5] Y-K Wang Y-S Lin A real-time approach r dassilication and tracking of Illultirle moving objects I~

Con( COl7lpllI(r Vision Graphics and Image Proccsi (CCiUP()]) pp 67-742003 [6] GL Foresti C Micheloni and L SnidMu Advan visual-based hoffic monitoring systtms for increasing safety road transportation Advances in Transport((iOI7 Siudi Section A No 12003

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