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Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

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Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN. European Laboratory for Particle Physics. P-P, very high energy. Cold anti-P. P, high energy. P, low energy. Nuclear physics. CERN Member States (2002). Observer States: EU Israel, Turkey - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Large Scale Facilities and Centres of ExcellenceThe CERN experience

Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Page 2: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

European Laboratory for Particle Physics

CERN Member States (2002)

P, low energy

Nuclear physics

P, high energy

P-P, very high energy

Cold anti-P

Observer States:EUIsrael, TurkeyJapan, Russia, USA

Page 3: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

•Strongly based in universities•20 members, ~270 institutes, ~4600 users•Studentships, fellowships, etc. Annual throughput of ~400 engineers and ~500 physicists

CERN’s network in Europe

Large Hadron Collider : a Global project with mostly (≈80%) Regional support Community > 5000 physicists world-wide2000 MEuro of high-tech orders over a decade - many placed by universities.

Page 4: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

55

Others

10

70

27

22

124

4306

Registered CERN Users, July 2002

Member States

Observer States

538 87

637

3418

Total non-Member States: 1735

Page 5: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Age Distribution of CERN Users (July 2002)

Page 6: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Research based on excellenceACCESS TO EXPERIMENTS

• Excellence assessed by independent peer review

WIDE GEOGRAPHY• Research knows no borders, and “anyone from anywhere”

can propose to conduct an experiment at CERN. The committees will look carefully at the merit of the proposal, and how it will be funded, but neither the passport not the home base are key factors.

MULTIPLE FIELDS• We don’t only need excellent theoretical and experimental

particle physicists. We need excellent staff in multiple fields – accelerator construction, detector design, electronics, mechanical engineering, IT, etc.

Page 7: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Anti-Hydrogen Gymnastic and Detection

Hot plasma

Cold plasma

Page 8: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

The Large Hadron Collider in the LEP Tunnel

Proton- Proton Collider

7 TeV + 7 TeV

Luminosity = 1034cm-2sec-1

first targets: •Higgs boson (s)•Supersymmetric Particles•Quark-Gluon Plasma•CP violation in B

Page 9: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Towards the origin

Page 10: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN
Page 11: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

ATLAS and CMS Caverns

Page 12: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Barrel Toroid Integration Work @ CERN

Integration 1 contracted to an outside Firm in 2000 for ~ 3.5 MCHF

End 2001 the Firm stops preparation work with substantial financial claims

Feb 2002 ATLAS negotiated a new solution with thesecond bidder + CEA Saclay + JINR + ATLAS team to do the work at CERN

Work will start in bldg 180 mid May 2002. Original cost and schedule respected.

Integration 1

Integration 2 Work contracted to the JINR group + CEA Saclay + ATLAS team in bldg 180.

Tooling prepared, readiness on schedule

Includes final functional test

bladders prepag

P(resin + spheres)

conductor pancake

Al coil casing

cryostat

Page 13: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

The first ATLAS Barrel Toroid vacuum vessel arriving at CERN

Page 14: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

CMS: Magnet Barrel Yoke finished

Page 15: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

String 2: one complete LHC cell, 120 m

Being operated now

Page 16: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Spreading the messageand/or

Involving the others

Page 17: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

CERN beyond the Member States

• Several NMS countries help to construct the LHC – notably Canada, India, Japan, Russia and USA

• Many others participate in the LHC experiments

• CERN is arguably the largest lab in the world for both the Russian and US particle physics communities

Page 18: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Infrastructure - beyond the European Member StatesThe win-win situation

• Excellent researchers are not limited to EU-15 countries, nor even to greater Europe

• People often very well-educated and highly motivated• If we can find the right specialities, everyone can become a major winner• Raw materials, heavy engineering, assembly of one-off sub-detectors, software

components, are all things that can be spread around imaginatively…..• We need to engage these researchers and their governments

CMS feet from Pakistan

LHC corrector magnet from IndiaRussian warm dipoles

Page 19: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Access• It is sometimes tempting to make access dependent on

“membership”, but particle physics has tended to be able to use a different approach

• Experiments running on our “facilities” tend to be based on very large (50-2000 person) collaborations

• This allows people from economically weaker countries to join with those from stronger regions

• So we tend not to look at the passport of the people making proposals

• But (in general) we expect people who have not funded the lab infrastructure to contribute more than their “fair share” to the cost of the experiment

• The contribution can take many forms, such as assembly effort, software, … Look for the “win-win”.

Page 20: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Mobility• Getting the new researchers to the infrastructure• Getting the staff of the lab to the new nations• Schools

The Joint CERN-Dubna School

Page 21: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Integration• Don’t erect, or, if they exist, tear down any administrative

barriers• Encourage these countries to send students• Run summer schools in new countries• Look for funding for all of this• CERN has good experience with ISTC and INTAS - thanks to

EU (among others)• Also NATO and Soros play some important roles, especially

for computer networking• We have high hopes of EU support to engage researchers

from, for example, Latin America, the Mediterranean basin, SE Europe, the Caucasus, and Asia

Page 22: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Computer Networking and Grids

Page 23: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Computer networking as basic research infrastructure

• You need up-to-date information to be a world-class researcher

• Today you (mainly) get that info mainly through your terminal (plus phone, video-meetings, and conferences)

• Surest way for weak countries to lose their best brains is to provide them poor connectivity

• Triple requirement - Campus, National Network, International Connectivity

Page 24: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

CMS: 1800 physicists150 institutes32 countries

World Wide Collaboration distributed computing & storage capacity

Page 25: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Grids

• Next step beyond the Web is the Grid• A way for researchers to share their

computing resources - including processing power, data and information

• CERN is very active here, with DataGrid, CrossGrid and DataTAG

• Plus strong national efforts in several countries - USA has Globus, GriPhyN and PPDG, UK has GridPP and major e-Science efforts. Also F, I, NL, ….

Page 26: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Mainframe Mini- Computer

vector Supercomputer

Processor farms : the 90's supercomputer

Page 27: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

SWITCH

C-IXP

WHO

TEN-155

KPNQwest

RENATER

39/155 Mb/s

34 Mb/s100Mb/s2 M

b/s

45Mb/s100 Mb/s

National ResearchNetworks

Mission Oriented Link & USLIC

Public

IN2P3

2Mb/s

JEG (Japan)

2Mb/sGenesisProject

20 Mb/s

CERN

Tools: Fabrics and Networks

Needed for LHC at CERN in 2006: Storage

Raw recording rate 0.1 – 1 GBytes/sec

Accumulating at 5-8 PetaBytes/year

10 PetaBytes of diskProcessing

200’000 of today’s fastest PCsNetworks

5-10 Gbps between main Grid nodes

Page 28: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

CERN openlab concept– Create synergies between basic

research and industry– Research provides challenge,

industry provides advanced items, concepts into collaborative forum

– Participation feeCreate a Collaborative Forum between public sector and industries: to solve a well defined problem through open integration of technologies, aiming at open standards

Hewlett Packard

Page 29: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

iVDGLINFN Grid

CrossGrid

DataTAG

And many more; Several M$ or M€ each,HEP and other Sciences,Aggressive test and development phase now, HEP Intergrid Coordination Board:

Coordinated test programmeInteroperabilityAvoid duplication of effortsCommon standards

Page 30: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

CERN and EU programmes

Page 31: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Active “projects”

• 14 running projects– 6 networks and grids - 3 Isolde– 2 PS - nTOF (Euratom part of FP6)– Outreach (CBWI) - 1 “other” (ESTA)

• Support for schools (CAS and CSP)• Support for two (human) networks• Individual Marie Curie fellows• 21 running INTAS projects (MS)• ~20 running ISTC projects (NK)

Page 32: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Fellowships

• Marie Curie Fellows– Successfully hosted many individual MCF who

applied to work at CERN– In FP5 CERN was not eligible as a Host (not

Industry, not in a “poor” region, not a Ph.D. granting institute)

– In FP6 we believe that we will be eligible as a Host and we intend to apply

Page 33: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Gas Electron Multiplier

The Gas Electron Multiplier consists of a thin polymer foil, metal-clad on both sides, and pierced by a high density of holes (typically 70 µm in diameter at 140 µm pitch). On application of a potential difference between the two sides, electrons from a drift region are collected into the holes, multiply in avalanche and emerge on the lower region

X-ray absorption radiography of a bat, recorded with a GEM detector. The insert shows the details of the bat’s claw (picture size nine by eleven millimetres).

Page 34: Large Scale Facilities and Centres of Excellence The CERN experience Luciano MAIANI. CERN

Marie Curie , 1926

"If this importance (of Science) has been cast sometime into doubts, it is because the efforts of mankind toward its most beautiful aspirations have been imperfect…Above all, it is by this daily effort toward more science that mankind has reached the exceptional place that she occupies on Earth. We must belong to those who.... believe, invincibly, that science will triumph over ignorance and war."