LASER SPECTROSCOPYXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

Island of Capri, ItalyJune 11-16,1995

Editors

Massimo InguscioDepartment of Physics

University of Florence, Italy

Maria AllegriniDepartment of Physics

University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Antonio SassoDepartment of Physical SciencesUniversity of Naples, Naples, Italy

World ScientificSingapore 'New Jersey • London • Hong Kong

CONTENTS

Preface

Commemorative TalkLinear Superpositions of States in Radiative Processes

C. Cohen-Tannoudji

Ultracold Atoms and the New Physics of Bose-Einstein Condensation 1

Evidence for Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor 3M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews,C. E. Wieman andE. A. Cornell

A Model for an Atom Laser 7M. Olshanii, Y. Castin andJ. Dalibard

Optical Traps for Ultra-Cold Atoms 13M. Kasevich, H. J. Lee, C. Adams and S. Chu

Three-Dimensional Subrecoil Laser Cooling 17J. Lawall, S. Kulin, B. Saubamea, N. Bigelow, M. Leducand C. Cohen-Tannoudji

VSCPT Cooling with Adiabatic Transfer into a Single Momentum State 24T. Esslinger, M. Weidemiiller, F. Sander, A. Hemmerich andT. Hansch

Raman Cooling to Nanokelvin Temperatures 26J. Reichel, M. Ben Dahan, F. Bardou, E. Peik, S. Rand,C. Salomon and C. Cohen-Tannoudji

Optical Lattices 29

Optical Lattices 31S. L Rolston, G. Birkl, I. H. Deutsch, M. Gatzke, C. Orzel,W. D. Phillips, U. SterrandM. Walhout

Atoms in Three-Dimensional Optical Lattices 35P. Verkerk, D. Boiron, J.-Y. Courtois, S. Guibal, D. Meacher,C. Triche and G. Grynberg

Light Beating Spectroscopy of Atoms in an Optical Lattice 39C. Westbrook, A. Aspect, J.-Y. Courtois, B. Desruelle, C. Jurczak,R. Kaiser, K. Sengstock and N. Vansteenkiste

Atoms Chanelled by Light Forces on a Mesoscopic Scale; Sub-WavelengthImaging Techniques: Application to Lithography 43

L. Collot, S. Friebel, M. Gliwitzky, A. Hemmerich and T. Hansch

Dark Optical Lattices 45A. Hemmerich, M. Weidemuller, T. Esslinger and T. W. Hansch

Bragg Scattering in Optical Lattices 47M. Weidemuller, A. Hemmerich, T. Esslinger and T. W. Hansch

Bragg Scattering from Optical Lattices 49M. Gatzke, G. Birkl, I. H. Deutsch, S. L. Rolston and W. D. Phillips

Cavity QED 51

Cavity QED with Semiconductor Microcavities 53C. Weisbuch, R. HoudreandR. Stanley

Cavity QED for Quantum Logic and Spectroscopy with Nonclassical Light 57H. J. Kimble, Q. A. Turchette, N. Ph. Georgiades, K. Edamatsu,C. J. Hood, W. Lange, H. Mabuchi, A. S. Parkins andE. S. Polzik

The Microlaser: A Quantized Rabi Oscillator 61K. An, R. R. Dasari andM. S. Feld

Quantum Jumps and Ramsey Interferometry in the Micromaser 65O. Benson, G. RaithelandH. Walther

Atoms and Photons in High Q Cavities: Towards Simple QuantumLogic Gates 69

S. Haroche, M. Brune andJ.-M. Raimond

Nonlinear Effects in Single Quantum-Well Semiconductor Microcavities 73J. Jacobson, S. Pan, H. Cao, G. Bjb'rk and Y. Yamamoto

Fundamental Measurements 77

High Resolution Spectroscopy of the Hydrogen Atom: Determination ofthe IS Lamb Shift 79

S. Bourzeix, B. de Beauvoir, F. Nez, M. D. Plimmer, F. de Tomasi,L. Julien and F. Biraben

Precision Spectroscopy in Atomic Hydrogen 83D. Leibfried, H. Geiger, A. Huber, W. Konig, K. Pachucki,M. Prevedelli, T. Udem, J. Walz, M. Weitz, C. Zimmermann and T. W. Hansch

Precise Laser Spectroscopy of Hydrogen and Singly-Ionized Helium 88D. J. Berkeland, E. A. Hinds andM. G. Boshier

Laser Spectroscopy of the Helium Resonance Line at 58 nm: Lamb Shiftand Isotope Effects 92

W. Hogervorst, K. S. E. Eikema, W. Ubachs and W. Vassen

High Precision Spectroscopy of Helium Atom at 1083 nm: Towards aDetermination of the Fine Structure Constant a 96

F. S. Pavone, G. Bianchini, P. Cancio, F. S. Cataliotti,G. Giusfredi, M. Prevedelli and M. Inguscio

Precision Measurement of the n=10 F-to-G Interval in Helium: A PrecisionTest of Relativistic and QED Effects in Rydberg States of Atoms 101

C. H. Storry, N. E. Rothery and E. A. Hessels

Nuclear Recoil Effects in Atomic Spectra 103K. Pachucki

High-Sensitivity Spectroscopy of Molecular Oxygen and Test of theSymmetrization Postulate for Bosons 105

G. M. Tino, M. de Angelis and L. Gianfrani

Observation of Collisional Modification of Atomic g-Factors in a HighDensity Potassium Vapor 109

E. R. Eliel, H. van Kampen, A. V. Papoyan, P. H. A. M. Castermans,V. A. Sautenkov andJ. P. Woerdman

XIV

Laser Manipulation of Atoms, Interferometry and Collisions 111

Cold Atom Reflection from Flat and Curved Magnetic Mirrors 113T. M. Roach, H. Abele, M. G. Boshier, F. Gahbauer, H. L. Grossman,K. P. Zetie and E. A. Hinds

Interferometry and Optics with Laser Prepared Atoms 117F. Ruschewitz, R. Deutschmann, D. Bettermann, G. Wokurka,J. L. Peng, M. Schiffer and W. Ertmer

Virtual Slits and Multiple Particle Interferometry with Atoms 121T. Pfau, Ch. Kurtsiefer and J. Mlynek

Laser Cooling of Metastable Helium Atoms 126W. Vassen, W. Rooijakkers and W. Hogervorst

A Pulsed Evanescent Wave Mirror for Atoms 128P. Ryytty, M. Kaivola and C. G. Aminoff

Radioactive Atoms in a Magneto-Optic Trap 130G. Gwinner, J. A. Behr, A. Ghosh, L. A. Orozco, J. Simsarian,G. D. Sprouse, P. A. Voytas and F. Xu

Frequency Independent Laser Cooling Based on Interferometry 132M. Weitz and T. W. Hansch

Stern-Gerlach Deflection of a Beam of Ultra-Cold Caesium Atoms 134W. J. Rowlands, D. C. Lau, G. I. Opat and A. I. Sidorov

Contrast Enhancement by Time Selection in Atomic Stern-GerlachInterferometry 136

R. Asimov, O. Gorceix, Ch. Miniatura, B. J. Lawson-Daku,J. Robert and J. Baudon

Position Measurement of Cold Atoms 138S. Kunze and G. Rempe

Imaging of a Neon Atomic Beam with a Microwave Lens 140K. Shimizu, LeiXu, S. Ohishi, R. Uesugi, T. Nayuki,H. Takuma and F. Shimizu

Dynamics of Matter in Helical Light Beams 142G. Nienhuis

XV

Bragg Resonance and Interference of Atoms with Self-Induced TransparentTransition in Separated Light Fields 144

E. V. Perevalov, O. V. Stovbun and Y. P. Yakovlev

A New Laser Trap for Subrecoil Cooling of Cesium Atoms 146P. Lemonde, O. Morice, C. Salomon, H. Perrin, J. Reichel,E. PeikandJ. Dalibard

Correlation Functions of a Thermal Potassium Beam Measured byAtomic Interferometry 148

F. Perales, R. Asimov, M. Eminyan, J. Baudon and K. Rubin

Two-Atom Correlation in an Ultracold Neon Atomic Beam 150F. Shimizu andM. Yasuda

Optical Frequency Standard with Laser Cooled CA Atoms 156F. Riehle, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, G. Zinner,P. Kersten and J. Helmcke

Optical Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of Cesium Atoms in aMagneto-Optical Trap 158

C. Fort, F. S. Cataliotti, P. Raspollini, G. M. Tino andM. Inguscio

Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Rydberg Levels in RubidiumTrapped in a M.O.T.: Towards a Visible Wavelength Reference 160

S. Guellati, E. Fretel, P. JuncarandM. Himbert

Optical Shielding of Cold Collisions 162L. G. Marcassa, S. R. Muniz, R. Horowicz, S. C. Zilio, J. Wwinerand V. S. Bagnato

Heating due to Long-Range Photon Exchange Interactions betweenCold Atoms 164

G. Hillenbrand, K. Burnett and C. J. Foot

Optimizing Signal-to-Noise in Trapped-Atom Spectroscopy 166J. H. MUller, V. Rieger, D. Bettermann, F. Ruschewitz,J. L. Peng, K. Sengstock and W. Ertmer

Optical Information Processing Utilizing Alkali-Metal Vapors 168R. J. Knize, B. Ai, D. S. Glassner, T. Takekoshi and I. Biaggio

XVI

Ions 173

Coherent Interactions of Two Trapped Ions 175R. G. Devoe and R. G. Brewer

Experiments at Nist with Trapped Ions: 3-D Zero-Point Cooling,Quantum Gates, Bragg Scattering, and Atomic Clocks 179

C. Monroe, A. S. Barton, J. C. Bergquist, D. Berkeland, J. J. Bollinger,F. Cruz, W. M. Itano, S. R. Jefferts, B. M. Jelenkovic, B. E. King,D. M. Meckhof, J. D. Miller, M. E. Poitzsch, J. N. Tan andD. J. Wineland

Frequency Stabilized Ammonia Laser System for Probing the 24 THzClock Transition of a Trapped Barium Ion 183

K. J. Siemsen, A. J. Madej andB. G. Whitford

RF Stored Ca2+-Possible Candidate for a Frequency Standard in theOptical Domain 185

M. Knoop, J. Rink, M. VedelandF. Vedel

Emission Spectroscopy and Stochastic Cooling of a Single Ion 187J. Eschner, B. Appasamy, Y. Stalgies, I. Siemers and P. E. Toschek

Coherence in Photodetachment from Negative Ions in a One-DimensionalContinuum 189

/ . N. Yukich, C. T. Butler and D. J. Larson

Resonant Ionization Spectroscopy of Ba~: Metastable and Stable Ions 191V. V. Petrunin, J. D. Voldstad, P. Balling, P. Kristensen,T. Andersen and H. K. Haugen

Photodetachment and Photoexcitation Study of the Negative Beryllium Ion 193P. Kristensen, V. V. Petrunin, H. H. Andersen and T. Andersen

Multiphoton Detachment of Halogen Negative Ions by Elliptic Light:Theory and Experiment 195

C. Blondel, C. DelsartandF. Dulieu

Ultraprecise and Ultrasensitive Spectroscopy 197

A New Modulation Method for Sensitive Nonlinear Spectroscopy -Application to Molecular Overtones as Visible Frequency References 199

L.-S. Ma, J. Ye, P. DubeamdJ. L Hall

XVII

Frequency Stabilization of Nd:YAG Lasers to Molecular Cesium LinesNear 1064 nm 204

E. Inbar, V. Mahal and A. Arie

Offsets and Distortions in Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy with ResidualAmplitude Modulation Effects 206

E. Bava and F. Massari

Ultra-High Resolution Spectroscopy at 10 /im: Applications and New Trends 208Ch. Chardonnet, A. Amy-Klein, V. Bernard, R. J. Butcher, P. E. Durand,T. George, F. Guernet, H. W. Nicolaisen, 0. Pfister and Ch. J. Borde

Non-Linear Optics with a Single Molecule in a Solid 212B. Lounis, Ph. Tamarat, J. Bernard andM. Orrit

A New Approach to Double-Resonance Spectroscopy: The Method of DopplerSplitting 216

P. Minguzzi, S. Carocci, A. Di Lieto, A. Menciassi, F. Quochi andM. Tonelli

Recent Progress in Ultra-High Resolution Spectroscopy of Molecular Iodine 220F. Du. Burck, J.-P. Wallerand, A. N. Goncharov, M. Himbert andCh. J. Borde

External Cavity Diode Laser Around 633 nm: A Possible FutureOptical Frequency Standard 222

J. Aman, J.-M. Chartier, A. Zarka, H. Talvitie, L R. Pendrilland M. Hammersberg

Investigation of Anomalous Zeeman Effect on the Recoil DoubletComponents in Methane 224

5. N. Bagayev, A. K. Dmitriyev and M. V. Okhapkin

Optical Heterodyne Spectroscopy of 127I2 Resonance at 633 nm Enhancedby an External Optical Cavity 226

F. Murakami and T. Ohta

Precise Optical Frequency Atlas of Acetylene Lines in the 1.5 pm Region 228K. Nakagawa, M. de Labachelerie, Y. Awaji andM. Kourogi

Gain Saturation of Laser Diodes and its Spectroscopic Applications 230H. R. Telle and Ch. Koch

XVIII

Laser Diode Based All Optical Clock 234R. Loe Mie, Z D. Liu, D. Bloch, P. Juncar and M. Ducloy

Sensitive Overtone-Laser-Spectroscopy of Small Molecules 236W. Demtroder, R. Grosskloss, Ch. Hornberger, P. Kersten,M. Konig, T. Platz, M. Matheis, R. StuberandH. Wenz

Double-Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Rovibrational Perturbations inAcetylene: Can We Trust our Quantum Numbers? 242

B.J.OrrandA.P.Milce

New Light on Nuclear Spin Conversion in Molecules 246B. Nagels, M. Schuurman, P. L. Chapovsky andL. J. F. Hermans

Line Broadening Investigation of the Oxygen A Band 248L. Gianfrani, M. de Angelis, P. Giorgio, M. Inguscio, A. Sasso andG. M. Tino

Near Infrared Absorption of Ammonia at Ambient Pressure 250L. Lundsberg-Nielsen, J. Henningsen and F. M. Nicolaisen

Light-Induced Molecular Structure: Ar£ in Intense Laser Fields 252C. Wunderlich, H. FiggerandT. W. Hansch

Tunable Far-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of CH2F2, CH3OH, and13CD3OH Laser Transitions 255

E. C. C. Vasconcellos, S. C. Zerbetto, F. StrohandK. M. Evenson

Far-Infrared and Infrared Spectroscopy using Tunable Light Sources 258F. Matsushima, H. Odashima, S. Tsunekawa and K. Takagi

High Precision Measurement of the Dipole Moment of HOC1 byTunable Far Infrared Stark Spectroscopy 260

G. Modugno, P. De Natale, M. Bellini, M. Inguscio,G. Di Lonardo, L. Fusina and J. VanderAuwera

Overtone Spectroscopy of Fluorobenzene 262M. Scotoni, C. Corbo andD. Bassi

High Resolution Absorption, Excitation and Double Resonance Spectroscopyon a Molecular Beam: Dynamics of Small Aromatic Molecules in theirFirst Excited States 264

E. R. Kerstel, M. Becucci, G. Pietraperzia andE. Castellucci

Stimulated Raman Pumping — Inverse Raman Spectroscopy for HighResolution Vibrational Spectroscopy of Excited States 266

D. Bermejo, R. Z. Martinez and J. Santos

UV Laser Spectroscopy of HgAr in a Supersonic Jet: A Determinationof the A3O+ and B31 State Potentials 268

5. / . Lawrence, I. M. Bell, D. N. Stacey andK. Burnett

High Resolution Spectroscopy of the Hg2 Excimer 270L. Krause, W. Kedzierski, A. Czajkowski, J. Supronowicz andJ. B. Atkinson

Collisional Frequency Shift in Cesium Primary Frequency Standard 272M. Kajita

Optical Pumping of Metastable Magnesium in the Mg AtomicFrequency Standard 274

N. Beverini, E. Maccioni, F. Strumia, A. Godone and C. Novero

High-Resolution Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Rubidium Using aMode-Locked Laser Source 276

A. S. Bell, M. J. Snadden, E. Riis and A. I. Ferguson

Optical Pumping and Light Pressure Induced Deformation ofDoppler-Free Resonance on Cesium Cycling Transition 278

V. Sautenkov, R. Gamidov and I. Taskin

Solid-State Laser Dynamics and the Problem of Modulation IntracavitySpectroscopy 280

V. I. Ustyugov

Nonlinear Effects in Intracavity Laser Spectroscopy 282E. A. Sviridenkov

Quantum Optics, Coherent and Collective Phenomena 287

Observation of Quasi-Landau Wave Packets 289H. Held, L. MarmetandH. Walther

Squeezing and Inter-Mode Correlations in Laser Diodes 291F. Marin, A. Bramati, E. Giacobino, T.-C. Zhang, J.-Ph. Poizat,J.-F. Roch and P. Grangier

XX

Laser Instability and Chaos for Studies of Molecular Relaxation 293T. Shimizu, M. Tachikawa, F.-L. Hong and T. Sugawara

Spectroscopy with Sub-Poissonian Light from Semiconductor Lasers 295K. Yamada and H. Sasada

Quantum Noise Reduction and QND Measurement usingOptomechanical Coupling 297

A. Heidmann, M. Pinard and Y. Hadjar

Observation of Atomic Wavepacket Evolution in a Non-SeparableSystem 299

P. H. Bucksbaum, M. L. Naudeau and C. I. Sukenik

Scheme for a Bosonic Atom Laser 301R. J. C. Spreeuw, T. Pfau, U. Janicke, M. WilkensandJ. Mlynek

Amplification of Atomic Waves by Stimulated Emission of Atoms 303C. J. Borde

Quenching Quantum Phase Noise: Correlated Spontaneous Emissionvs. Phase Locking 308

/. Steiner, L. Schanz and P. E. Toschek

Coherence Effects, Lasing-Without-Inversion and RamanSelf-Oscillations in Rb* 312

A. S. Zibrov, L Hollberg, M. D. Lukin, D. E. Nikonov, M. O. Scully,H. G. Robinson and V. L. Velichansky

Symmetries of the Optical Bloch Equations and Amplification withoutInversion 316

B. Zambon

Experimental Evidence of Phase-Dependent Coherent Population Trapping 318W. Maichen, R. Gaggl, E. Korsunsky and L. Windholz

Coherent Population Trapping on Sodium 320S. Gozzini, C. Gabbanini, A. Lucchesini, P. Sartini, C. Marinelliand L. Moi

Pulse-Matching and Transparency in the Propagation of Laser PulsePairs through Four-Level Media 322

E. Cerboneschi and E. Arimondo

XXI

Group Velocities of less than c/3000 in Coherent Population Trapping 324R. Wynands, O. Schmidt, Z. Hussein and D. Meschede

Collective Atomic Recoil Laser (CARL) and Free Electron Lasers (FEL):Basic Concepts and Experimental Projects 326

R. Bonifacio and L. de Salvo

Nonlinear Phenomena and New Laser Sources 331

A Quarter Century of Transient Raman Scattering 333M. Bloembergen

Resonant Second Harmonic Generation in Potassium Vapor 337D. Kim, C. S. Mullin and Y. R. Shen

Dynamical Properties of a Locally Ordered Liquid Studied by TimeResolved Non-Linear Spectroscopy 341

R. Torre, P. Bartolini, M. Ricci, G. Saielli andR. Righini

Nonlinear Radiation Trapping in a Saturated Cesium Vapor 343A. F. Molisch, M. Allegrini, B. P. Oehry, W. Schupita and G. Magerl

An Optical Switch for Trapped Photons 345L. Fini andM. Mazzoni

Four-Wave-Mixing-Induced Cross-Over Resonances in NonlinearReflection Spectroscopy 347

A. Amy-Klein, S. Saltiel, O. RabiandM. Ducloy

Selective Laser-Induced Breakdown of Xenon in a Bessel-Gauss Beam 349V. E. Peet

Blue and Ultraviolet Solid State Laser Sources 351C. Zimmermann, V. Vuletic, A. Hemmerich and T. W. Hansch

Tunable Infrared Laser Sources for Spectroscopy and AtmosphericTrace Gas Detection 356

K. P. Petrov, F. K. Tittel, R. F. Curl, S. Waltman and L Hollberg

Design and Analysis of a New Solid-State Deep-UV Laser based onCe3+: LiSrAlF6 360

F. G. Omenetto, T. R. Nelson, J. W. Longworth, W. A. Schroederand C. K. Rhodes

Gain on 4p3d 3F-4s3d 3D Transitions of Calcium in a Laser-PumpedVapor: Experiment & Calculations 362

M. A. Khan, M. A. Gondal, M. H. Rais andM. Rafique

Monochromatic Nanosecond Pulses in the FIR Region 364G. Carelli, N. Mi, C. A. Massa, A. Moretti, A. Ruffini,F. Strwnia, O. Tommasi and G. Bertuccelli

A Source of Subpicosecond, Coherent, High Repetition Rate RadiationPulses for Atomic Physics Experiments in the VUV 366

C. Altucci, R. Bruzzese, C. de Lisio, S. Solimento, F. Vigilante,M. Bellini and P. Foggi

Laser-Induced Structure in the Continuum of Sodium: A Weak DressingField Measurement 368

S. Cavalieri, R. Eramo and L. Fini

Laser Induced Degeneracies 370C. J. Joachain, N. J. Kylstra, O. Latinne, M. Dorr, J. Purvis,P. G. Burke, M. Terao-Dunseath and C. J. Noble

Laser-Induced Resonances in Ionizing Radiative Collisions 372R. Buffa

Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 375

Spectroscopy of Alkali Atoms and Molecules Attached to HighlyQuantum Clusters 377

F. Stienkemeier, J. Higgins, W. E. Ernst, C. Callegari and G. Scoles

Long Live the Spin: Cesium in Solid Helium 382A. Weis, S. Lang, S. I. Kanorsky, M. Arndt, S. B. Ross andT. W. Hansch

Laser Spectroscopy of Impurity Atoms in Superfluid Helium 386M. Foerste, H. Gunther, K. Layer, G. zu Putlitz, T. SchumacherandB. Tabbert

Highly Excited Atoms in Liquid Helium: Breakdown of Central FieldApproximation by Non-Spherical Bubble? 388

J. L. Persson, Qin Hui, M. Nakamura andM. Takami

XXIII

Light Induced Atom Desorption: Rubidium and Cesium on Silane Coatings 390E. Mariotti, M. Meucci, C. Marinelli, P. Bicchi and L. Moi

Excitation and Fluorescence Spectra of ZnNe and ZnAr SmallVan der Waals Clusters 392

M. Czajkowski and J. Koperski

Time-Resolved Laser Spectroscopy on Atoms and IonsintheVUV and XUV Spectral Region 394

U. Berzinsh, M. B. Gaarde, J. Lars son, A. U Huillier, H. Lundberg,Luo Caiyan, E. Mevel, S. Svanberg, C.-G. Wahlstrom andR. Zeme

Measurement of Atomic Parameters using Floquet Spectroscopy 396C. E. Burkhardt andJ. J. Leventhal

Precision Laser Saturation Spectroscopy in Zirconium: CorrelationBetween the Field and Mass Isotope Shifts 399

P. Hannaford, D. S. Gough, R. J. McLean and W. J. Rowlands

Doppler-Free Optogalvanic Spectroscopy in Titanium 401D. Pereira, F. C. Cruz, A. Mirage and A. Scalabrin

Doppler-Free Laser Spectroscopy of Neon in After-Glow Discharges 403S. Merola, G. Pesce and A. Sasso

Spectroscopy of Autoionization States and their Power Broadeningusing the Optogalvanic Effect 405

R. Shuker and M. Hakham-Itzhaq

Time Resolved Configuration Interaction in Barium 407D. W. Schumacher, D. I. Duncan, R. R. Jones and T. F. Gallagher

Laser Photoionization of Ba (6s6p 'p). Determination of Cross Sections forSpecific Final J-States 409

L.-W. He, S. T. Manson andM. Ciocca

Velocity Selection Naturally Operated in a Microcell of Resonant Vapor 411S. Briaudeau, D. Bloch and M. Ducloy

Dynamical Effects and Quantum Defects of High-/ Double Rydberg States 413P. Camus andS. Cohen

A New Method for the Identification of Inner-Shell Autoionizing States by theCombined Use of Laser and Synchrotron Radiation 415

M. Wedowski, K. Godehusen, F. Weisbarth, P. Zimmermann,T. Dohrmann, A. Von Dem Borne, B. Sonntag and A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo

Novel Applications to Biology and Environmental Physics 417

Polymer Dynamics with Single Molecules of DNA 419S. Chu, S. Quake, T. Perkins andD. Smith

Laser Monitoring of the Environment 423S. Svanberg, M. Andersson, P. Anderson, H. Edner, J. Johansson,R. Ferrara, E. Maserti, G. Cecchi, L. Pantani, P. Mazzinghi,L. Alberotanza, C. Cioni and T. Caltabiano

A New Approach for Selective Targeting in Photodynamic Therapy 427R. Pratesi, A. C. Croce, P. Balzarini, G. Bottiroli, P. Baglioni,P. Lo Nostro and M. Monici

Novel Microscopy 431

Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy with Subwavelength Spatial Resolution:First Observation of Single Color Centers on the Surface 433

V. N. Konopsky, S. K. Sekatskii and V. S. Letokhov

High-Resolution Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its QuantumOptical Aspects 440

W.JheandM.Ohtsu

Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy using Diode-Pumped Lasers 445G. Robertson, D. Armstrong, M. J. P. Dymott, A. I. Ferguson andG. Hogg