Latin American StudiesDecember 10, 2010

Blackboard ConfigurationDo Now: How effective are voting recounts?

Objectives:1. Brief current events update2. Discuss independence movement in Peru3. Work on Bolivar mini-project

Homework: Mini-project due Tuesday

Current Events Update…First, some headlines…

“Lula defends Wikileaks’ Assange”

“Haiti orders recount of disputed presidential election”

• Results: 31% Manigat (former first lady) 22% Celestin 21% Martelly

Just top 3 of 19 candidates

Liberation in Southern South America

ArgentinaCreole party in power

1810 Junta Depose viceroyUnited Provinces of La Plata in 1813Tons of resistance from Uruguay and Paraguay

End up declaring independence in 1816

José de San MartínGiven command of army of Upper Peru to liberate Peru

Creates plan for ultimate liberation of South AmericaMarch over Andes to liberate Chile, then

descend on Peru from the sea

January 1817: Begins the crossing of the Andes

CampaignAfter grueling trek over the Andes…

Won 2 decisive battles and ended threat to independence in Chile

Reinstated man named Bernard O’Higgins

1820 – set sail for PeruEconomic blockade of Lima1821: Entered Lima and proclaimed

independence

Counterrevolutionary plots…

July 26-28, 1822Conference of Bolivar and San Martin at

Guayaquil

Major points of discussion:Future of Guayaquil…Colombia or Peru?Political future of all Spanish America…republic or

monarchy?How to complete liberation of continent

Result: San Martin steps back, resigns leaderhsip in Peru, and fades out of revolutionary scene

Independence for PeruPeruvian government continued to

deteriorate, utnil they asked for help from Bolivar

1824: Defeat of Spanish in PeruBolivar gained control of Lima

Last major engagement of war at Ayacucho—Sucre victorious and liberation of South America complete

Mini-projectVisual representation with explanation

What did Bolivar stand for?What were some key moments in his life?What does he symbolize? (And not just

independence!)Why does he matter?

Example: George Washington