MARTINDALE-HUBBELL

LAW DIGEST

OMAN

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FOREWORDWelcome to the 2008 edition of the Martindale-Hubbell Law Digest.

The Law Digest continues to evolve and access to this valuable content is now available in four media:CD ROM; Print on Demand (via amazon.com/lawdigest); online via subscription to lexis.com; and onlinevia martindale.com. Each service offers vastly different features to best suit the need of the user.

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Law firms that subscribe to the Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory automatically receive a copy of theLaw Digest on CD, which was launched with the 2006 edition. If you are not a subscriber and wish toorder the CD, a powerful research tool, you may call our Customer Relations Team at 800-526-4902,extension 8001. Single use and network versions are also available.

Print-on-Demand

With this service, the legal community and the public at large can order printed copies of individual digests(e.g., states, countries) that interest them by visiting amazon.com. Simply search amazon.com in this manner: Alabama Law Digest or Canada Law Digest or go to amazon.com/lawdigest. You will be able to customize your order by title and by number of copies. Thecost for this service is $24.95 per copy plus the applicable tax and shipping and handling. The books canbe shipped to you as quickly as two days.

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Content of Law Digest

This invaluable compendium, now in its 140th year, provides summaries or digests of the laws of 151jurisdictions. In sum, the 2008 edition contains: 57 digests of U.S. States, Territories, and Federal Codes;eleven digests of Canadian Provinces and the Canadian Federal Code; 81 leading trading nations outsideof the U.S. and Canada (this figure includes the European Union); and two specialty digests of the U.S.Uniform and Model Acts, and Selected International Conventions. Note: These two specialty digests areincluded on the CD ROM, Lexis Online, and martindale.com, but are not available in the Print-on-Demand service.

The inclusion of U.S. Uniform and Model Acts on the CD ROM is critical to the legal researcher becausethey have formed the basis of so much of the statutory law of many states. Also included here are theUniform Commercial Code, the Uniform Probate Code, and the Revised Model Business Corporation Act.

The Selected International Conventions set forth the texts of those conventions to which the U.S. is a party.Annotations are included.

The Law Digest is the first place to look to find the law on the most important topics in jurisdictions world-wide. The Law Digest summarizes the breadth of statutory law that applies to significant areas of legalpractice, for example business regulation, tax, and law related to cross border transactions and matters.General background information is provided to help understand the structure of the different governmen-tal and legal systems in various jurisdictions. The Law Digest is updated annually by pre-eminent lawfirms, leading legal scholars and other content experts. Web sites are listed to provide further informationand access to legal resources to make certain that users get to the next step in their search for relevant information. Further practical information is presented such as normal office hours and national holidays.

V

Arrangement of Law Digest

The digests are arranged by a standard taxonomy of Categories, Topics, and Sub-headings. This uni-form arrangement of the material, supported by abundant citations, presents the laws in a predictableand accessible manner. To obtain the maximum benefit from the digests, the user should becomefamiliar with the Topical Index included in the prefatory material. This index, which interfiles thousands of legal subjects and cross references, is a powerful research and reference aid. Attentionis directed to the numerous forms of instruments preferred by local usage which appear throughoutthe digests under the appropriate topics, e.g., forms of acknowledgment under the topicAcknowledgments, sub-head Forms.

Notice

Changes to law may occur after production which can only be reflected in subsequent editions.Accordingly, it is suggested that local counsel be consulted as to the current law applicable to a particular situation.

Acknowledgments

I wish to extend a note of thanks to our Revisers and their knowledgeable staffs and colleagues, andour consulting Law Editors: Professor Michael J. Zimmer of Seton Hall University School of Lawand Dr. John J. A. Burke, Professor, Riga International School of Economics and BusinessAdministration, Riga, Latvia. Further, I would like to recognize the hard work of our Editorial staff:Padi Sinegra and Sandy Sauchelli, Senior Editors; and Wesley Barter, Assistant Managing Editor.Without their dedication, professionalism, and personal sacrifice, no work of this scope and qualitycould be achieved.

As always, I look forward to your suggestions for future Law Digest improvements and inclusions.

Thank you for your continued support.

Stephen L. TorpieSenior Managing Editor

LexisNexis and Martindale-Hubbell are registered trademarks of Reed Elsevier Properties Inc., used under license. 2008 Martindale-Hubbell, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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FOREWORD continued

LEGAL ADVISORY BOARDThe Advisory Board's mission is to ensure that LexisNexis and Martindale-Hubbell are responsive to the constantly changing needs of the legalprofession. In response to these needs, the Board entertains new strategies and concepts developed by the company, and provides impartial andcandid points of view. The following lawyers selected from the private, corporate, academic and international sectors of the professioncomprise the 2007-2008 Board.

DENNIS W. ARCHER of Dickinson Wright PLLC; Detroit, Michigan. Mr.Archer is the former Mayor of the City of Detroit, (1994-2001) and a formerAssociate Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1986-1990). He is the pastPresident of the Wolverine Bar Association, the National Bar Association andthe State Bar of Michigan. Mr. Archer is the past President of the NationalLeague of Cities, past President of the National Conference of DemocraticMayors and a past member of the Board of Trustees of the United StatesConference of Mayors and Board of Directors of the National Conference ofBlack Mayors. He currently serves on the American Bar Associations Board ofGovernors. He was President of the American Bar Association-August 2002 toAugust 2003, the first person of color to be so honored. He also serves asChairman of Dickinson Wright PLLC.

MARTHA W. BARNETT of Holland & Knight, LLP, Tallahassee, Florida. Ms.Barnett is a former Chair of the House of Delegates of the American BarAssociation, the first woman lawyer to be so honored, and has served on theABAs Board of Governors. She was elected President of the American BarAssociation, serving as such from July 2000 to August 2001. Ms. Barnett nowserves as Chair of Holland & Knight.

ROBERT H. BERNSTEIN joined Reed Smith in January 2005. Mr. Bernsteinheads the Firm's Labor & Employment Global Marketing Team, strengtheningthe Firms offering to its national and international corporate clients. During thepast 23 years, Mr. Bernstein has developed an extensive labor and employmentpractice, exclusively representing multinational and domestic corporationsnationwide, with an emphasis in employment litigation. Mr. Bernstein lecturesand writes extensively throughout the United States and overseas concerning awide array of employment law issues. In 1982, Mr. Bernstein earned his J.D.from Georgetown University Law Center; in 1979, he received his B.S.F.S.,with distinction, from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.Mr. Bernstein is admitted to the New Jersey Bar, the U.S. Court of Appeals forthe Third Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. Heis a member of the Labor Law Section and Litigation Section of the AmericanBar Association.

BENJAMIN R. CIVILETTI is a partner of Venable, LLP in Washington, D.C.and Baltimore, Maryland. Mr. Civiletti is a former Attorney General of theUnited States under President Carter, 1979-1981. He is the former Chairman ofthe ABA Litigation Section and has been a member of the ABA House ofDelegates since 1991. He also serves as the ABA Representative to the UnitedNations. He is the former Chairman of Venable. Mr. Civiletti is a Fellow of theAmerican College of Trial Lawyers and the American Law Institute.

THOMAS R. CURTIN of Graham, Curtin & Sheridan, A ProfessionalAssociation, Morristown, New Jersey. Mr. Curtin is a Life Fellow of theAmerican Bar Foundation. He is a past President of the Morris County BarAssociation (1978-1979), the New Jersey State Bar Foundation (1986-1988),the New Jersey State Bar Association (1993-1994), and the Notre Dame LawAssociation (2000-2001). He is a former Chairman of the New JerseyCommission on Professionalism in the Law (1996-1998). He is a member ofthe American Bar Association House of Delegates, serving as the New JerseyState Delegate, and the Sports Lawyers Association. He is currently a memberof the Notre Dame Law School Advisory Council and has been on the Board ofDirectors for the National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame since2002.

THOMAS G. HEINTZMAN, O.C., Q.C., is a trial and appellate counselpracticing with the law firm of McCarthy Ttrault, Toronto, Ontario. He is aBencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada, an Officer of the Order ofCanada and a past President of the Canadian Bar Association. Mr. Heintzmanis a Fellow of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers, and the AmericanCollege of Trial Lawyers and the Co-Chair of its Special Problems in theAdministration of Justice (Canada) Committee.

DOUGLAS B. HENDERSON is the Founding and Senior Partner of Finnegan,Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP, Washington, D.C. Mr. Henderson

was the Founder of the Federal Circuit Bar Association, a co-founder of theU.S. Court of Federal Claims Bar Association, and a co-founder of the ITCTrial Lawyers Association. He has been a Member of the Advisory Council ofthe United States Court of Federal Claims. He was formerly a member of theHouse of Delegates of the American Bar Association, and Chairman of thePatent Division and Member of Council of the Section of Intellectual PropertyLaw of the American Bar Association.

PATRICK E. HOBBS, Dean of Seton Hall University School of Law, firstjoined the faculty of Seton Hall in 1990. He teaches in the area of taxation andhas taught Federal Income Taxation, Corporate Taxation and BusinessPlanning, and Law and Literature. In 1995, he became the Associate Dean forFinance. In 1999, he became the Law School's seventh Dean. Dean Hobbsgraduated magna cum laude from Seton Hall University with a B.S. inAccounting. He received his J.D. from the University of North Carolina atChapel Hill, and earned his LL.M. from New York University. Dean Hobbs wasrecently appointed a Commissioner on the New Jersey State Commission ofInvestigation by former Governor James McGreevy. He has chaired theAmerican Bar Association, Section of Legal Education and Admissions to theBar, Law School Development Committee since 2002, and was also recentlyappointed to serve on the American Bar Association Standards ReviewCommittee. He also serves as a member of the boards of the Newark Alliance,LexisNexis, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, the New Jersey Commissionof Professionalism, and the New Jersey Institute for Continuing LegalEducation. In 2004, he served as Chair of the Newark, New Jersey Mayor'sBlue Ribbon Commission on the Downtown Core Redevelopment.

THOMAS J. KLITGAARD of Dillingham & Murphy, L.L.P., in San Francisco,California, teaches Asian Legal Systems at the University of San FranciscoSchool of Law. He is a Director of the San Francisco-Shanghai Sister CityCommittee which has had nearly 200 business, cultural, and public worksprojects with the Shanghai Municipal Government over the past 25 years. Tomis also the current Chair of the Institute for Law and Technology at the Centerfor American and International Law in Plano, Texas. He is currently a memberof the international arbitration panels of the American Arbitration Associationand the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre and is on the mediationpanel of the American Arbitration Association. Tom is a former Senior VicePresident and General Counsel of Tandem Computers Incorporated and Sega ofAmerica, Inc., and a former law clerk of Supreme Court Justice William O.Douglas. He is a graduate of the Monterey Institute of International StudiesTraining for Service Abroad Program in the Chinese language. He practices inthe areas of patent litigation, intellectual property, and Asian and Americancorporate law.

RALPH I. LANCASTER, JR. of Pierce Atwood, LLP Portland, Maine hasserved as Independent Counsel, In Re Herman, by appointment of the SpecialDivision of the D.C. Court of Appeals. He previously served as Counsel for theUnited States before the International Court of Justice in a case concerningdelimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine and as SpecialMaster by appointment of the United States Supreme Court in State of NewJersey vs. State of Nebraska and again as Special Master in State of Virginia vs.State of Maryland. He is currently serving as Special Master in State of NewJersey vs. State of Delaware. Mr. Lancaster began his legal career as a law clerkto the Honorable Edward T. Gignoux. He is a Past-President of the Maine StateBar Association and a former member of the House of Delegates of theAmerican Bar Association. He served as Chair of the Standing Committee onFederal Judiciary of the ABA. He is a Fellow of the American College of TrialLawyers and served as its President, 1989-1990. He is actively engaged in civiland criminal trial practice.

J. ALLEN MAINES of Paul Hastings Janofsky & Walker LLP concentrates ondomestic and international corporate counseling, cross-border corporategovernance issues and internal investigations, and securities and intellectualproperty litigation. He has served as Chairman of his firms SecuritiesLitigation Practice and Litigation Department, and has published and spokenextensively on securities, corporate governance and intellectual property

VII

LEGAL ADVISORY BOARD continued

VIII

issues. Mr. Maines is a faculty member for both the National Institute for TrialAdvocacy and the National Association of Corporate Directors. He began hislaw career as the law clerk for James Wm. Moore, Sterling Professor of Law at

Collier on Bankruptcy. He received his J.D. degree, with honors, in 1976 fromthe University of Florida, where he was executive editor of the Florida LawReview, and graduated magna cum laude from Taylor University in 1973. Mr.Maines serves on the Board of Directors for the March of Dimes, Earth Share,The Animal Health Trust, the Socionomics Foundation, several for profitentities, and a state universitys Center for Corporate Governance.

KAREN J. MATHIS, a partner in the Denver office of McElroy, Deutsch,Mulvaney & Carpenter, LLP, is the president of the American Bar Association.She will serve as president for a one-year term, which begins in August 2006at the adjournment of the associations Annual Meeting in Honolulu. Mathis isa business, commercial and estate planning lawyer with more than 30 yearsexperience. An active member of the ABA for almost 30 years, Mathis servedas the associations second highest elected officer, chair of its House ofDelegates, from August 2000 until August 2002. She is the third woman toserve as an ABA president, and the first president from Colorado. She hasserved as a member of the House of Delegates since 1982. Mathis is also amember of the ABA Board of Governors, and has served on its ExecutiveCommittee, Operations Committee and Program and Planning Committee.Mathiss extensive ABA involvement includes leadership of numerous ABAentities. She served as chair of the 30,000-member General Practice, Solo andSmall Firm Section (now a Division) in 2002 to 2003; as chair of theCommission on Women in the Profession from 1997 to 2000; and as chair ofthe Standing Committee on Membership from 1994 to 1997. Mathis has alsobeen active in the Denver Bar Association and Colorado Bar Association formany years. She has held offices in the Young Lawyers Section of both barassociations, and served as vice president of the CBA from 1992-1993.

JERALYN E. MERRITT is a criminal defense lawyer in private practice inColorado. Her practice is limited to criminal defense and related forfeitures,with an emphasis on complex federal drug and white collar crimes. Ms. Merrittserved as Treasurer and Secretary and on the Board of Directors of the NationalAssociation of Criminal Defense Lawyers, from 1996 through 2004. She wasa member of the governing council of the American Bar Association's CriminalJustice Section from 2000 through 2004. She is an elected fellow of theAmerican Board of Criminal Lawyers and a past member of its Board ofGovernors. Ms. Merritt has testified before both Congress and the UnitedStates Sentencing Commission on drug sentencing laws. She is the co-author ofa text on the Patriot Act, published by Lexis Publishing. She lectures nationallyon a variety of criminal defense topics, and since 1996, has provided insightfullegal analysis for MSNBC, Fox News, CNN, Court TV and other television andradio networks. From 2000 to 2003, she was a Lecturer-In-Law at DenverUniversity's College of Law teaching "Wrongful Convictions" and "CriminalDefense." In 1996 and 1997, she served as one of the principal trial lawyers forTimothy McVeigh in the Oklahoma City Bombing Case. She is the founder andcreator of two award winning websites, CrimeLynx.com, and TalkLeft: ThePolitics of Crime (TalkLeft.com), a weblog for legal professionals, journalistsand the public.

HARRIET MIERS serves as Counsel to the President. Most recently, sheserved as Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff, and prior to thatshe was Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary. Before joining thePresidents staff, she was Co-Managing Partner at Locke Liddell & Sapp, LLPfrom 1998-2000. She had worked at the Locke Purnell Rain & Harrell firm, orits predecessor, from 1972 until its merger with the Liddell Sapp firm. From1995 until 2000, she was chair of the Texas Lottery Commission. In 1992,Harriet became the first woman president of the Texas State Bar, and in 1985she became the first woman president of the Dallas Bar Association. She alsoserved as Member-At-Large on the Dallas City Council. Ms. Miers had adistinguished career as a trial litigator, representing such clients as Microsoft,Walt Disney Co. and SunGard Data Systems Inc. Moreover, when she left herlaw firm of Locke Liddell & Sapp, Ms. Miers was serving as Co-ManagingPartner of the firm which had more than 400 lawyers. In 1972, Ms. Miersbecame the first woman hired at Dallass Locke Purnell Rain Harrell. In March1996, her colleagues elected her the first female president of Locke PurnellRain & Harrell, at that time a firm of about 200 lawyers. She was the first

woman to lead a Texas firm of that size. In 1985, Ms. Miers was selected as thefirst woman to become President of the Dallas Bar Association. In 1992, shebecame the first woman elected President of the State Bar of Texas. Ms. Miersserved as the President of the State Bar of Texas from 1992 to 1993. Ms. Miershas served as Counsel to the President since February 2005. In this role, she hasserved as the top lawyer to the President and the White House, and in particularhas been the principal advisor of judicial nominations. Ms. Miers professionalaccomplishments have been recognized time and time again.

WILLIAM G. PAUL of Crowe & Dunlevy, A Professional Corporation,Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Mr. Paul is the former Senior Vice President &General Counsel, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. In1999, he was elected President of the American Bar Association, to serve assuch from August 1999 to July 2000. He has served as President for both theOklahoma State Bar Association and National Conference of Bar Presidents.Mr. Paul has been a Member of the American Bar Association, House ofDelegates since 1975 and is a Fellow in the American College of Trial Lawyers.

FERNANDO POMBO, Founder and Senior Partner of Gomez-Acebo &Pombo, Madrid, Spain, has contributed to and authored several publications inthe field of international business law. Currently, he is President of theInternational Bar Association (2007-2009). Mr. Pombo has been a visitingprofessor at the Institute on International Legal Studies in Salzburg, Austriasince 1985. He is also a former President of LES International and a memberof the Spanish Arbitration Court. He is fluent in Spanish, English, French andGerman.

WM. REECE SMITH, JR. of Tampa, Florida, is the senior member of Carlton,Fields, P.A. A Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, England, he was laterPresident of The Florida Bar (1972-73), the American Bar Association (1980-81), and the International Bar Association (1988-90). He is a Fellow of theAmerican College of Trial Lawyers and the International Academy of TrialLawyers and serves on the Council of the American Law Institute. He receivedthe American Bar Association's Gold Medal for exceptionally distinguishedservice to the cause of American Jurisprudence.

TOMASZ WARDYNSKI, Polish adwokat and Founding Partner and Presidentof Wardynski & Partners is a member of the Polish Business Council, theEuropean Circuit of England and Wales, and the Garrick Club. He is a specialistin international project financing, privatization and restructuring of state-owned enterprises. He is a member of the Polish Bar Association and a formerchairman of its Foreign Committee (1988-92). In 1991-96 he was a member ofthe Advisory Council on Privatisation to the Prime Minister of Poland. He is aformer member of the Supervisory Board of the Polish Development Bank.Since 1986 Tomasz Wardynski has been an honorary legal advisor to herBritannic Majestys Ambassador in Poland. He is a visiting scholar at theAmerican Bar Foundation as well as an Honorary Commander of the CivilDivision of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. Tomasz Wardynskiis a member of the Polish-British Legal Association, a member of theInternational Bar Association, a member of the European Circuit of Englandand Wales, and a member of the Garrick Club.

WALTER H. WHITE, JR. is a Partner in Grundberg Mocatta Rakison LLP(GMR), where his practice concentrates on cross-border securities law andemerging markets investment activities. He was the Founding Partner of Whiteand Jones LLP, London, England, which merged with GMR in 2006. Mr. Whitepreviously has served as a Partner and Managing Director of Steptoe &Johnson International. Mr. White is a former Commissioner of Securities forthe State of Wisconsin 1988-1991. He currently serves on the boards of theABA Center for Human Rights and the Center for Rule of Law Initiatives; hehas previously served as a member of the executive committee of the ABABoard of Governors in the House of Delegates, as the Chair of ABA Africa, asthe Chair of the Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities, and also asChair of the Young Lawyers Division. Mr. White has also been a member of theState Bar of Wisconsin Board of Governors, on the board of the MilwaukeeFoundation and as a board member of the Central-Asian-American EnterpriseFund by appointment of former President Clinton. He also currently serves asa Trustee of Hampshire College and a Director of Church Mutual InsuranceCompany.

Yale University, author of Moores Federal Practice and editor-in-chief of

IX

Topical IndexThe body of law suitable for presentation in the Martindale-Hubbell Law Digests of the states of the United States, the District

of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands has been classified under a system of categories and topics, that are uniform inthese Digests. The same classification system is followed, as closely as cultural conditions permit, in the International Section ofthe Law Digests.

The components of this classification system follow a hierarchy of: Category; Topic; Sub-heading; Catchline. The table of contents before each digest shows only the Categories and the Topics, which are the heart of the classification system. Please notethat the Categories are arranged alphabetically in each digest except for the Introduction Category which always comes first.Here is an example of the classification hierarchy showing all components noted above:

DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS (Category: 12 pt, bold, all caps)ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Topic: 7 pt, bold, all caps)What Persons May Take. (Sub-heading: 7 pt)Within State.

(Catchlines: 7 pt. italics)Outside United States.

The digests often make cross references to another Topic within the instant Category, or to another Category and Topic entirely.Here is an example of two such cross references that may be found under the Category ESTATES AND TRUSTS:

ALLOWANCES:See topic Descent and Distribution.

In this first example, the Topic Descent and Distribution is also under the Category ESTATES AND TRUSTS.

CLAIMS:See topic Executors and Administrators; category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading; and category Dispute Resolution, topic Arbitration and Award.

In this second example, the Topic Executors and Administrators is also under the Category Estates & Trusts. The subsequentreferences however are to differenct Categories entirely.

This Topical Index inter-files all the Categories and Topics used in the Law Digests, and the more commonly used Sub-headingsinto a unified index. The user may then identify all major classification entities, and how they reference one another. Forms ofmany instruments will be found under the appropriate topics. For example, forms of acknowledgment under Category Documentsand Records, Topic Acknowledgments, Sub-head Forms. United States Uniform and Model Acts (promulgated by theNational Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws [NCCUSL]) in effect in a given jurisdiction, are listed in eachDigest under the Category Courts and Legislature, Topic Statutes, Sub-heading Uniform Acts. If the law summarized undera specific Topic is governed in large part by a Uniform Act - without substantial local deviations - reference to that Act will alsobe made under the specific Topic affected. For example, if the Uniform Commercial Code governs a particular subject, this isstated, and the reader referred to the Category Business Regulation and Commerce, Topic Commercial Code. Please note thatuniform acts not promulgated by NCCUSL are covered under the relevant Categories.

Texts of Selected United States Uniform and Model Acts within the scope of the Martindale-Hubbell Law Digests are suppliedin full. See the table of contents.

Abandonment, see category Family, topics Divorce, Husband and Wife.Abatement, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions.Absconding debtors, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Attachment.Absent defendants, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process.ABSENTEES.See category Property; see also categories Business Organizations,

topic Corporations; Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Costs, Limitation of Actions, Process, Venue; Debtor and Creditor, topic Attachment; Estates and Trusts, topics Death, Executors and Administrators; Family, topic Guardian and Ward.

Accidents, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.ACCORD AND SATISFACTION.See category Civil Actions and Procedure. Accounts, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks and

Banking; Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators; Family, topic Guardian and Ward.

Accounts Receivable, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Assignments.Accumulations, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Trusts; Property, topic

Perpetuities. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.See category Documents and Records, see also topics Affidavits, Notaries Public; categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales; Debtor and Creditor, topic Assignments; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages,

Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topics Deeds, Landlord and Tenant. ACTIONS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics Appeal and

Error, Certiorari, Judgments, Limitation of Actions, Submission of Controversy, Pleading, Practice, Process, Venue; Courts and Legislature, topic Courts; Debtor and Creditor, topics Attachment, Receivers; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Estates and Trusts, topics Death, Executors and Administrators; Family, topics Divorce, Guardian and Ward, Infants, Marriage. For Declaratory Judgments, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.

Adjudication, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.ADMINISTRATION. See categories Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators; Taxation.

Administration, when unnecessary, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Admission, demand for, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Practice.Admission to bar, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.ADOPTION.See category Family.Adultery, see category Family, topic Divorce.Advancements, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.ADVERSE POSSESSION.See category Property; see also category Civil Actions

}Outside State But Within United States.

Xand Procedure, topic Limitation of Actions.Affidavit of defense, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.AFFIDAVITS.See category Documents and Records; see also topic Acknowledgments; categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Depositions and Discovery, Evidence, Pleading; Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Affirmation as substitute for acknowledgment, see category Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgments.

Affirmation as substitute for affidavit, see category Documents and Records, topic Affidavits.

Afterborn children, see category Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Wills.

Age, see category Family, topics Adoption, Infants, Marriage.AGENCY.See categories Business Organizations; see also topics Corporations,

Partnerships; categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Factors; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Brokers; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Property, topic Powers of Attorney.

Agent for service of process, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process; Estates and Trusts, topicExecutors and Administrators; Insurance, topic Insurance Companies; Property, topicAbsentees; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

AIRCRAFT.International Digests only. See category Transportation.Air pollution, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation.ALCOHOL, BEVERAGES AND TOBACCO TAXES. See category Taxation.Alienation of property, restrictions on, see category Property, topic Perpetuities.ALIENS.See category Immigration in International Digests.Alimony, see category Family, topic Divorce;. see also category Family, topic Marriage.Allowances, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION.See category Dispute Resolution.Alternative to acknowledgment, see category Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgments.

Alternative to affidavit, see category Documents and Records, topic Affidavits.Amendments, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions

and Procedure, topic Pleading.Anatomical gifts, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Ancestors, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.Ancillary administration, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Annulment of marriage, see category Family, topic Marriage; see also category Family, topic Divorce.

Answer, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.Antenuptial contracts, see category Family, topic Husband and Wife.Antitrust, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Monopolies,

Restraint of Trade and Competition.APPEAL AND ERROR.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics

Certiorari; categories Courts and Legislature, topic Courts; Taxation, topic Taxes.Appearance, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions, Pleading,

Process.Applicable law, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Contracts

and Sales in certain International Digests.Apportionment, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.Appraisal of dissenting shareholder's stock, see category Business Organizations,

topic Corporations, subhead Appraisal.ARBITRATION AND AWARD.See category Dispute Resolution; see also category

Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Submission of Controversy.Arbitration of death taxes, see category Taxation, topic Taxes, subhead Interstate

Cooperation.Armed Forces, acknowledgments of persons in, see category Documents and

Records, topic Acknowledgments.Armed Forces, members of, exemptions, see categories Taxation, topic Taxes;

Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Armed Forces, notarial powers of officers, see category Documents and Records,

topics Notaries Public, Acknowledgments.Articles of association or incorporation, see category Business Organizations, topic

Corporations.ASSIGNMENTS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also categories Business

Regulation and Commerce, topics Commercial Code, Sales; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topic Deeds.

ASSOCIATIONS.See category Business Organizations; see also topics Corporations, Joint Stock Companies.

Assumed business names, see category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames.

ATTACHMENT.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topics Executions, Exemptions, Garnishment.

Attestation, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Attorney ethics, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.Attorney fee clauses, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Bills and

Notes.ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS.See category Legal Profession; see also

category Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Costs, Evidence, subhead Witnesses.Attorneys in fact, see category Property, topic Powers of Attorney.Attorneys, professional association or corporation, see category Legal Profession,

topic Attorneys and Counselors; also category Business Organizations, topicsAssociations, Corporations.

Authentication, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and Discovery; Documents and Records, topics Acknowledgments, Affidavits.

Automobiles, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Award, see category Dispute Resolution, topic Arbitration and Award.Bail, see category Criminal Law, topic Criminal Law.Bailments, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Carriers,

Warehousemen.Bank collections, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Banks and

Banking, Commercial Code.Bank deposits, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Banks and

Banking, Commercial Code.Bankruptcy, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Receivers; and category Debtor

and Creditor, topic Bankruptcy in International Digests.BANKS AND BANKING.See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see

also topic Bills and Notes; categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations.

Bar, see categories Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors; Property, topics Curtesy, Dower.

Bastards, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution; Family, topic Adoption.

Beer, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Licenses, Business and Professional; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Beneficiaries, see categories Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution,Executors and Administrators, Trusts, Wills; Taxation, topic Taxes, subheadInheritance Tax.

Bequests, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Beverage taxes, see category Taxation, topic Alcohol, Beverages and Tobacco

Taxes.BILLS AND NOTES.See category Business Regulation and Commerce, see also

topic Commercial Code.Bills of exchange, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Bills and

Notes.Bills of lading, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Carriers; also

category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.Bills of sale, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales; also

category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.Birth certificates, see category Documents and Records, topic Records.Blue Sky Laws, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Securities.BONDS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics Appeal and Error,

Costs, Injunctions, Replevin; see also categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Brokers, Commercial Code, Securities, Warehousemen; topics Debtor and Creditor, topics Attachment, Executions, Garnishment, Receivers; Documents and Records, topic Notaries Public; Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators; Family, topic Guardian and Ward; Insurance, topic Surety and Guaranty Companies; Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors; Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property.

BROKERS.See also category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Factors, Licenses, Business and Professional, Securities.

Bulk sales, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic CommercialCode; Debtor and Creditor, topic Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances.Business names, see category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames;

also category Business Organizations, topics Corporations, Partnerships.BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS [category]BUSINESS REGULATION AND COMMERCE [category]BUSINESS TAXES.See category Taxation; see also category Business

Organizations, topic Corporations.Business trusts, see categories Business Organizations, topic Joint Stock Companies;

Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Monopolies, Restraint of Trade andCompetition.

Capital, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.CARRIERS.See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see also category

Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Certificate, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and

Discovery; Documents and Records, topics Acknowledgments, Affidavits.Certificate of birth, see category Documents and Records, topic Records.Certificate of death, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Death; also category

Documents and Records, topic Records.

XI

Certificate of incorporation, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Certificate of Marriage, see categories Documents and Records, topic Records;

Family, topic Marriage.Certificate of Stock, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.CERTIFICATION.See category Health, topic Licensure and Certification.CERTIORARI.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topic Appeal and

Error.Chain Stores, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Licenses,

Business and Professional; Taxation, topic Taxes.Change of Venue, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Venue.Charitable immunity, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Damages.Charter, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.CHATTEL MORTGAGES.See category Mortgages; see also categories Business

Regulation and Commerce, topics Commercial Code, Sales; Debtor and Creditor, topics Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Pledges; Documents and Records, topic Records.

Chattel paper, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

Checks, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Banks and Banking, Bills and Notes.

Children, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Limitation of Actions, Evidence, subhead Witnesses, Process; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Estatesand Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Wills; Family, topics Adoption, Divorce,Guardian and Ward, Infants, Marriage.

CITIZENSHIP [category]CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROCEDURE [category]Claim and delivery, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Replevin.Claims, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading; Estates and Trusts,

topic Executors and Administrators.Class actions, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions.Close corporations, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Codes, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Statutes, also category Civil Actions

and Procedure, topic Practice; category Courts and Legislature, topic Law Reports,Codes, in International Digests.

Collateral inheritance tax, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.Collateral security, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Pledges; see also category

Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.Collection agencies, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Licenses,

Business and Professional.Color of title, see category Property, topic Adverse Possession.Combinations, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Monopolies,

Restraint of Trade and Competition.COMMERCIAL CODE.See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see

also topics Banks and Banking, Bills and Notes, Brokers, Carriers, Contracts, Factors, Frauds, Statute of, Sales, Securities, Warehousemen; categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Limitation of Actions; Debtor and Creditor, topics Assignments, Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Liens, Pledges; Documents and Records, topics Records, Seals; Mortgages, topic Chattel Mortgages. For full text of the Code see table of contents.

Commercial paper, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

COMMERCIAL REGISTER (International Digests only).See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see also category Business Organizations, topics Corporations, Joint Stock Companies; Immigration, topic Aliens.

Commercial travelers, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Licenses, Business and Professional.

Commission merchants, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Factors.

Commissions, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and Discovery. see also categories Estates and Trusts, topics Executors and Administrators, Trusts; Family, topic Guardian and Ward.

Common carriers, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Carriers; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

Common law marriage, see category Family, topic Marriage.Common trust funds, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks

and Banking.Community property, see category Family, topic Husband and Wife.Companies, See categories Business Organizations, topics Associations, Corporations,

Joint Stock Companies; Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks andBanking; Insurance, topics Insurance Companies, Surety and Guaranty Companies.

Comparative negligence, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Damages.Compelling attendance of witness, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic

Depositions and Discovery.Compensation, see categories Employment, topic Relations; Estates and Trusts, topics

Executors and Administrators, Trusts; Family, topic Guardian and Ward; LegalProfession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.

Competency, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Evidence, subhead

Witnesses, Limitation of Actions; Estates and Trusts, topics Executors andAdministrators, Wills; Family, topics Guardian and Ward, Husband and Wife, Infants,Marriage.

Compilations, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Statutes.Complaint, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.Compromise, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Accord and Satisfaction.Compromise of death taxes, see category Taxation, topic Taxes, subhead Interstate

Co-operation.Compulsory arbitration, see category Dispute Resolution, topic Arbitration andAward.Compulsory continuing legal education, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.

Conditional sales, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales; also category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

Condominiums, see category Property, topic Real Property.Confession of judgment, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.Confidential relations, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Evidence,

subhead Witnesses.Conflicts of laws, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Contracts

and Sales in certain International Digests.Consanguinity, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution;

Family, topic Marriage.Consent, see category Family, topics Adoption, Marriage.Consignments, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Factors; also

category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.Constitutions, see category Introduction, topic Government and Legal System in

International Digests only.CONSULS.See category Introduction, International Digests only.Consumer Credit Code, see category Business Regulation and Commerce,

topic consumer Credit in states enacting Uniform Consumer Credit Code.

Consumer transactions, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Consumer Protection, also topics Bills and Notes, Interest, Sales.

Contamination, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation.Continuation statement, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic

Commercial Code; Mortgages, topic Chattel Mortgages.Contract provisions as to venue, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic

Venue.Contractors' bonds, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Liens, subheadMechanics' Liens.CONTRACTS.See category Business Regulation and Commerce, see also topic

Commercial Code; categories Documents and Records, topic Seals; Family, topics Husband and Wife, Infants.

Contributions for social security or unemployment compensation, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.

Controversies, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Submission of Controversy. See also categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Accord andSatisfaction; Dispute Resolution, topic Arbitration and Award.

Conventions, in certain International Digests see category Treaties and Conventions, topic Treaties; see also category Taxation, topic Treaties and Agreements. See European Union Digest. See also Part VI, for Selected International Conventions to which U.S. is a party.

Conveyances, see category Property, topic Deeds. See also categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Frauds, Statute of; Debtor and Creditor, topicFraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property.

Copartners, see category Business Organizations, topic Partnerships.Copyright, see United States Copyright Law Digest; see category Intellectual Property,

topic Copyright in Dominion of Canada and International Digests.Corporate Seal, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Documents

and Records, topic Seals.CORPORATE TAXES.See category Taxation; see also category Business

Organizations, topic Corporations.CORPORATIONS.See category Business Organizations, see also topics

Associations, Joint Stock Companies; categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Banks and Banking, Carriers, Commercial Code, Securities; Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Process, Venue; Debtor and Creditor, topic Attachment; Insurance, topics Insurance Companies, Surety and Guaranty Companies; Property, topic Deeds; Taxation, topic Taxes. In International Digests, see also category Citizenship, topic Aliens.

COSTS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure.Counselors, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.Counterclaim, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.County clerk's certificate, see category Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgments, subhead Authentication.

COURTS.See category Courts and Legislature.COURTS AND LEGISLATURE [category]Coverture, see category Family, topics Husband and Wife, Marriage.

CONSUMER PROTECTION.See category Business Regulation and Commerce.

XII

Credit cards, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Consumer Protection, Sales.

Credit, letters of, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

Credit sales, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales; alsocategory Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Consumer Protection.

CREDITORS' SUITS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topics Executions, Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances; category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

CRIMINAL LAW [category]Cumulative voting, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Curators, see category Family, topic Guardian and Ward.CURRENCY.See category Introduction, International Digests only; see also

categories Foreign Trade and Commerce, topics Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Regulations; Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks and Banking.

CURTESY.See category Property; see also topic Dower; categories Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Wills.

CUSTOMS (DUTY).See category Foreign Trade and Commerce, topic in certain International Digests.

DAMAGES.See category Civil Actions and Procedures. see also category Estates and Trusts, topic Death.

Days of grace, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Bills and Notes.Dealerships, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Contracts in

International Digests only.DEATH.See category Estates and Trusts; see also categories Documents and

Records, topic Records; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Property, topic Absentees.

Death actions, see category Estates and Truth, topic Death.Death certificate, see category Documents and Records, topic Records.Death taxes, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.DEBTOR AND CREDITOR [category]Debts of decedents, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Decedents' estates, see category Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Executors and Administration, Wills; see also categories Debtor and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Documents and Records, topic Records; Family, topic Husband and Wife; Property, topics Curtesy, Dower.

Deceptive practices, see category Business Regulation and Commerce topics, Consumer Protection, Sales.

Declarations, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.Declaratory judgments, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Judgments,

Submission of Controversy.Deed tax, see categories Taxation, topic Taxes subhead Real Estate Conveyance Tax;

Property, topic Deeds.DEEDS.See category Property; see also topic Real Property; categories Business

Regulation and Commerce, topic Frauds, Statute of; Debtor and Creditor, topics Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Homesteads; Documents and Records, topics Acknowledgments, Records; Family, topics Husband and Wife, Infants; Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property.

Deeds of mortgage, see category Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property.Deeds of trust, see category Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property.Default, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.Defendants, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Actions, Process.Defense, affidavit of, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.Delayed birth certificates, see category Documents and Records, topic Records.Demurrers, see category Civil Actions and Procedures, topic Pleading.DEPOSITIONS.See category Civil Actions and Procedures, topic Depositions and

Discovery; see also topic Evidence; categories Documents and Records, topic Affidavits.

Deposits, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks and Banking.

DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION.See category Estates and Trusts; see also categories Citizenship, topic Aliens; Debtor and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Estatesand Trusts, topic Wills; Family, topics Adoption, Husband and Wife; Property, topicsCurtesy, Dower; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Desertion, see category Family, topics Divorce, Husband and Wife.Devisees, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Die, right to, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Digests, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Reports.Direct actions against insurer, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles, sub-

head Direct Actions.Directors, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Disabilities, see categories Citizenship, topic Aliens; Civil Actions and Procedure,topics

Evidence, subhead Witnesses, Limitation of Actions; Estates and Trusts, topicsExecutors and Administrators, Wills; Family, topics Guardian and Ward, Husband andWife, Infants.

Discovery, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Depositions andDiscovery Practice.

Discrimination, see categories Employment, topic Labor Relations; Property, topicReal Property.

Disinheritance, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Dismiss, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Judgments, Pleading,

Practice.Dispossession, see category Property, topic Landlord and Tenant.DISPUTE RESOLUTION [category]Disputed domicile in death tax matters, see category Taxation, topic Taxes, subhead

Interstate Co-operation.Dissenting shareholder, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE.See category Family; see also topics Divorce,

Marriage.Distress, see category Property, topic Landlord and Tenant.Distribution, see category Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution,

Executors and Administrators.Distribution if abroad, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Distributorships, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Contracts in International Digests only.

Division of property of spouses on dissolution of marriage, see category Family, topic Dissolution of Marriage; or topic Divorce.

DIVORCE.See category Family; see also topics Dissolution of Marriage, Marriage; category Property, topics Curtesy, Dower.

DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS [category]DOMESTIC PARTNERS.See category Family.Domicile, disputed, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.

and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgements; Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Executors and Administrators,

Wills; Family, topic Husband and Wife.Drafts, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Bills and Notes,

Commercial Code.Durable Power of Attorney, see category Property, topic Powers of Attorney.Earnings, exemption of, see category Debtor and Creditor, topics Exemptions,

Garnishment.Ecology, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation.Election, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Employer and employee, see category Employment, topic Labor Relations.Employers' Liability, see category Employment, topic Labor Relations.EMPLOYMENT [category]EMPLOYMENT TAXES.See category Taxation; see also category Employment,

topic Labor Relations.Energy law, see category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights, topic Mines and Minerals.Entirety, tenancy by, in personalty, see category Property, topic Personal Property.Entirety, tenancy by, in realty, see category Property, topic Real Property.ENVIRONMENT [category]ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION.See category Environment.ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES.See category Taxation.Equity, see categories Civil Action and Procedure, topics Actions, Pleading, Practice;

Courts and Legislature, topic Courts.Equity in redemption, see category Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property. See

also category Taxation, topic Taxes.Error, writ of, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Appeal and Error.ESCHEAT.See category Property; see also topic Absentees; categories Business

Organizations, topic Corporations, subhead Unclaimed Dividends; Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks and Banking, subhead Unclaimed Deposits;Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Wills, subhead UnclaimedLegacies.

Establishing birth records, see category Documents and Records, topic Records.Estate tax, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.ESTATES AND TRUSTS [category]Estates, see categories Debtor and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Estates and Trusts,

topics Descent and Distribution, Executors and Administrators, Trusts, Wills; Property,topics Curtesy, Dower, Real Property.

European Economic Community, see European Union Digest in Part V.Evasion, see category Taxation, topic Taxes, subhead Penalties.EVIDENCE.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics Depositions

and Discovery, category Documents and Records, topic Affidavits.EXCHANGE CONTROLS.In International Digests only. See categories Foreign

Trade and Commerce; see also topics Foreign Exchange, Foreign Trade Regulation; Introduction, topic Currency.

Excuses for nonperformance, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Contracts in certain International Digests.

EXECUTIONS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topics

DOWER.See category Property; see also topics Curtesy, Deeds; categories Debtor

XIII

Attachment, Exemptions, Garnishment; categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Appeal and Error, Judgments, Sequestration.

EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS. See category Estates and Trusts, see also topics Descent and Distribution, Wills.

EXEMPTIONS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topics Executions, Garnishment, Homesteads; categories Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Factorizing, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Garnishment.FACTORS.See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see also topics Agency, Brokers; category Debtor and Creditor, topic Pledges.

FAMILY [category]Family law, see category Family, topics Marriage, Divorce, Husband and Wife, Infants.Fees, see specified topics, e.g., categories Business Organization, topic Corporations;

Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code; Mortgages, topic chattelMortgages, etc.

Fictitious names, see category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames.Fiduciaries, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators,

Trusts; Family, topic Guardian and Ward; Property, topic Powers of Attorney.Fieri facias, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Executions.Filing under Uniform Commercial Code, see categories Business Regulation and

Commerce, topic Commercial Code; Documents and Records, topic Records.Filing fees, see categories Business Organization, topic Corporations; Business

Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code; Documents and Records, topicRecords; Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators; Mortgages, topicsChattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topic Deeds.

Financial responsibility, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Financing statement, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic

Commercial Code; Mortgages, topic Chattel Mortgages.Fishing zone, see category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights.FOOD, DRUGS, DEVICES AND COSMETICS.See category Health.Forced heirs, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Foreclosure, see categories Debtor and Creditor, topic Liens; Mortgages, topics Chattel

Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property.Foreign automobiles, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Foreign conveyances of incumbrances, see categories Documents and Records, topic

Records; Property, topic Real Property.Foreign corporations, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process. See also categories Business Regulation andCommerce, topic Banks and Banking; Insurance, topics Insurance Companies, Suretyand Guaranty Companies. See also category Citizenship, topic Aliens in certainInternational Digests.

Foreign depositions, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and Discovery.

Foreign distribution, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Foreign divorce, see category Family, topic Divorce.Foreign exchange, see categories Foreign Trade and Commerce, topics Foreign

Exchange, Foreign Trade Regulations; Introduction, topic Currency, in InternationalDigests only.

Foreign executors and administrators, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Foreign guardians, see category Family, topic Guardian and Ward.FOREIGN INVESTMENT.See category Foreign Trade and Commerce, topic

Foreign Investment, in International Digests.Foreign judgments, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.Foreign marriages, see category Family, topic Marriage.Foreign operators of motor vehicles, see category Transportation, topic Motor

Vehicles.FOREIGN TRADE.See category Foreign Trade and Commerce; see also topics

Foreign Exchange, Foreign Trade Regulations; Introduction, topic Currency, in International Digests only.

FOREIGN TRADE AND COMMERCE [category, International Digests only]FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS.See category Foreign Trade and Commerce,

in International Digests only.Foreign vehicles, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Foreign wills, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Foreigners, see category Citizenship, topic Aliens.Forms, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Depositions and Discovery,

Judgements; Documents and Records, topics Acknowledgments, Affidavits; Estatesand Trusts, topics Executors and Administrators, Wills; Mortgages, topics ChattelMortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topic Deeds.

Forthcoming bonds, see category Debtor and Creditor, topics Attachment, Executions, Garnishment.

Franchise taxes, see categories Taxation, topics Business Taxes, Corporate Taxes; Business Organizations, topic Corporations.

FRANCHISES.See also category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Securities, Monopolies, Restraint of Trade and Competition, Contracts in InternationalDigests only.

FRAUD AND ABUSE.See category Health.FRAUDS, STATUTE OF.See category Business Regulation and Commerce, see also

topic Commercial Code.FRAUDULENT SALES AND CONVEYANCES.See category Debtor and

Creditor; see also topics Attachment, Exemptions, Garnishment; category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

Frivolous Claims, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.Fuels taxes, see category Taxation, topic Gasoline and Special Fuels Taxes.GARNISHMENT.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topics Attachment,

Executions, Exemptions.Gas, see category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights, topic Mines and Minerals. GASOLINE AND SPECIAL FUEL TAXES.See category Taxation.GIFT TAX.See category Taxation, see also topics Estate Tax, Inheritance Tax.Gifts to Minors, see category Family, topic Infants.GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL SYSTEM.See category Introduction; see also

category Courts and Legislature.Government contracts, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic

Contracts in certain International Digests.Government, suit against, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Damages.Grace, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Bills and Notes,

Commercial Code.Guardian ad litem, see category Family, topic Infants.GUARDIAN AND WARD.See category Family, see also topic Infants.Guests, liability to, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.HEALTH [category]Health regulations, see category Health.Heirs, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.HOLIDAYS.See category Introduction; see also category Business Regulation and

Commerce, topics Bills and Notes, Commercial Code.Holographic wills, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.HOMESTEADS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topic Exemptions.

and Ward, Marriage; categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Evidence, subhead Witnesses; Debtor and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Documents and Records, topic

Acknowledgments; Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Executors andAdministrators; Property, topics Curtesy, Dower, Real Property.Hydrocarbons, see category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights, topic Mines and

Minerals.Illegitimate children, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution;

Family, topic Adoption.Immigration, see category Citizenship, topic Immigration in International Digests.INCOME TAX.See category Taxation.Incompetency, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Evidence, subhead

Witnesses, Limitation of Actions; Estates and Trusts, topics Executors andAdministrators, Wills; Family, topics Guardian and Ward, Husband and Wife, Infants.

Incorporation, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Banks and Banking; Insurance, topics InsuranceCompanies, Surety and Guaranty Companies.

Industrial property, see category Intellectual Property, topics Copyright, Patents, Trademarks and Tradenames in International Digests, and Part II for Digests of U.S.Laws, as well as domestic Digests for category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarksand Tradenames.

INFANTS.See category Family; see also topics Adoption, Guardian and Ward,Marriage; categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Evidence, subheadWitnesses, Limitation of Actions; Employment, topic Labor Relations; Estates andTrusts, topics Executors and Administrators, Wills.

Infants' torts, parental liability for, see category Family, topic Infants.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNET AND NEW MEDIA.See

category Business Regulation and Commerce.Inheritance, see categories Citizenship, topic Aliens; Estates and Trusts, topics Descent

and Distribution, Wills; Family, topic Adoption; Property, topics Curtesy, Dower.INHERITANCE TAX.See category Taxation; see also topics Estate Tax, Gift Tax.Initiative, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Legislature.INJUNCTIONS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also category Courts

and Legislature, topic Courts.Insane persons, see category Family, topic Guardian and Ward.Insolvency, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Bankruptcy in International Digests

only.Installment sales, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Interest,

Sales; also topic Consumer Protection.INSURANCE [category]INSURANCE.See categories Health; Insurance; see also categories Business

Organizations, topic Corporations; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

HUSBAND AND WIFE.See category Family; see also topics Divorce, Guardian

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INSURANCE COMPANIES.See category Insurance; see also categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Bonds.

Insurer, direct action against, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles,subhead Direct Actions.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY [category]INTEREST.See category Business Regulation and Commerce; see also topic Banks

and Banking.International Conventions, see Part VI.Internet, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Information

Technology, Internet and New Media.Interpleader, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions.Interrogatories, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and

Discovery.Intervention, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions.Inter vivos trusts, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Trusts; Bequests and devises

to, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Intestacy, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.Intoxicating liquors, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic

Licenses, Business and Professional; Taxation, topic Taxes.INTRODUCTION [category]Inventory, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators;

Family, topic Guardian and Ward.Investment securities, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics

Commercial Code, Securities.Iron Curtain distributees, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators, subhead Distribution if Abroad.

Issue, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.Joinder, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions. See also category

Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading.JOINT STOCK COMPANIES.See category Business Organizations; see also topics Associations, Corporations.

Joint tenancy, see category Property, topic Real Property.Judgment notes, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Bills and

Notes.JUDGMENTS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topic Submission

of Controversy; categories Courts and Legislature, topic Courts; Debtor and Creditor, topics Executions, Exemptions; Dispute Resolution, topic Arbitration and Award; Family, topic Divorce (recognition of foreign judgment).

Jurat, see category Documents and Records, topic Affidavits.Jurisdiction, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Courts. See also category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process.

Justices of the Peace, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Courts.Justification, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Bonds.Juveniles, see categories Employment, topic Labor Relations; Family, topic Infants.Labels, see category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames.LABOR RELATIONS.See category Employment.LANDLORD AND TENANT.See category Property.Language, plain, statutory requirement for, see category Business Regulation and

Commerce, topic Consumer Protection.Law reports, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Reports; also category Courts

and Legislature, topic Law Reports, Codes, in International Digests.Law students, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.Lawyers, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.Leases, see category Property, topic Landlord and Tenant; see also category Business

Regulation and Commerce, topic Frauds, Statute of.Legacies, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Legacy tax, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.Legal education, see category Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors.LEGAL PROFESSION [category]

in International Digest. See also category Introduction, topic Government and Legal System.

Letters of credit, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial Code.

Letters rogatory, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and Discovery.

Levy, see categories Debtor and Creditor, topics Attachment Executions, Garnishment; Taxation, topic Taxes.

LICENSES.See categories Business Regulation and Commerce; Health; see also categories Business Organizations, topic Corporation; Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Brokers, Securities; Family, topic Marriage; Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors; Taxation, topic Taxes; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

LIENS.See category Debtor and Credito; see also topics Attachment, Executions, Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Garnishment, Homesteads, Pledges; see also categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Brokers, Carriers, Commercial Code, Factors, Warehousemen; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments;

Employment, topic Labor Relations; Legal Profession, topic Attorneys and Counselors; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topic Landlord and Tenant; Taxation, topic Taxes; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

LIMITATION OF ACTIONS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure, see also topic Prescription ( in International Digests ); categories Debtor and Creditor, topic Liens; Estates and Trusts, topic Death; Property, topic Adverse Possession.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES.See category Business Organizations.Limited partnership, see category Business Organizations, topic Partnerships.Living wills, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Lobbyists, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Legislature.LOCAL AND MUNICIPAL TAXES.See category Taxation.Long arm statutes, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process.Maintenance, see category Family, topics Divorce, Marriage.MARRIAGE.See category Family; see also topics Divorce, Husband and Wife;

categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Evidence, subhead Witnesses; Debtor and Creditor, topic Homesteads; Documents and Records, topic Records, subhead Vital Statistics; Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution, Wills; Property, topics Curtesy, Dower.

Marriage Certificate, see categories Documents and Records, topic Records; Family, topic Marriage.

Married women, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Evidence, subhead Witnesses; Debtor and Creditor, topics Exemptions, Homesteads; Documents andRecords, topic Acknowledgments; Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution,Executors and Administrators, Wills; Family, topics Dissolution of Marriage, Divorce,Husband and Wife, Marriage; Property, topics Deeds, Dower.

Mechanics' liens, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Liens.MEDIATION.See Category Dispute Resolution.Membership associations, see category Business Organizations, topic Associations.Mental incompetency, see category Family, topic Guardian and Ward.MINERAL, WATER AND FISHING RIGHTS [category]MINES AND MINERALS.See category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights; see

also category Employment, topic Labor Relations.MINES, MINERALS AND FISHERIES TAXES.See category Taxation; see also

category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights.Minors, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Trusts; Family, topics Guardian and

Ward, Infants.Model Business Corporation Act, see category Business Organizations, topic

Corporations; for text of Act see Part III.MONOPOLIES, RESTRAINT OF TRADE AND COMPETITION.See category

Business Regulation and Commerce.Moratorium, see categories Introduction, topic Holidays; Mortgages, topic Mortgages

of Real Property.MORTGAGES [category]MORTGAGES OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.See category Mortgages, topic

Chattel Mortgages.MORTGAGES OF REAL PROPERTY.See category Mortgages; see also topic

Chattel Mortgages; categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Frauds, Statute of; Debtor and Creditor, topic Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances; Documents and Records, topics Acknowledgments, Records; Property, topic Deeds.

Motion for Judgment, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments.MOTOR VEHICLES.See category Transportation.Names, see categories Business Organizations, topics Corporations, Partnerships;

Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames.Negligence, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales; Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Damages, Limitation of Actions; Estates and Trusts,topic Death; Family, topic Infants; Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.

Negotiable instruments, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Bills and Notes, Commercial Code.

New Media, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Information Technology, Internet and New Media.

New promise, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Limitation of Actions.Next of kin, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution.No-fault insurance, see category Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles, subhead No-

Fault Insurance.Noise, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation.Nominees, Securities in name of, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Trusts.Nonprofit Corporations, see category Business Organizations, topics Associations,

Corporations.Nonresidents, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Civil Actions

and Procedure, topics Costs, Limitation of Actions, Process, Venue; Debtor andCreditor, topic Attachment; Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators;Family, topic Guardian and Ward; Property, topic Absentees; Transportation, topicMotor Vehicles.

Nonsupport, see category Family, topics Divorce, Husband and Wife.NOTARIES PUBLIC.See category Documents and Records; see also topics Acknowledgments, Affidavits; categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic

LEGISLATURE.See category Courts and Legislature; see also topics Statutes; and

XV

Depositions and Discovery.Notes, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Bills and Notes,

Commercial Code.Notice of sale, see categories Debtor and Creditor, topics Attachment, Executions,

Liens; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Taxation,topic Taxes.

Notice to creditors, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Debtor and Creditor, topic Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances; Estates and Trusts, topicExecutors and Administrators.

Notices, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales in certain International Digests.

Nuncupative wills, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Oaths, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions and Discovery;

Documents and Records, topics Affidavits, Notaries Public.Occupational diseases, see category Employment, topic Labor Relations.OFFICE HOURS AND TIME ZONE.See category Introduction.Oil and gas, see category Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights, topic Mines and

Minerals, see also category Taxation, topic Taxes.Oleographic wills, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Parent, see categories Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution; Family, topics Adoption, Divorce, Guardian and Ward, Infants.

Parental liability, see category Family, topic Infants.Part payment, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Limitation of Actions.Partial release, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Commercial

Code; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property.Parties, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Actions.PARTITION.See category Civil Actions and Procedures.PARTNERSHIP.See category Business Organizations; see also topics Associations,

Joint Stock Companies; category Intellectual Property, topic Trademarks and Tradenames.

Patents, see United States Patent Law Digest; see category Intellectual Property, topic Patents in Dominion of Canada and International Digests.

Pawnbrokers, see categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Interest;Debtor and Creditor, topic Pledges.

Penalties, see categories Environment, topic Environmental Regulation; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Permits, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation. Perpetuating testimony, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Depositions

and Discovery.PERPETUITIES.See category Property.PERSONAL PROPERTY.See category Property; see also categories BusinessRegulation and Commerce, topics Commercial Code, Frauds, Statute of, Sales; Debtor

and Creditor, topics Exemptions, Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Liens, Pledges; Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution; Mortgages, topic Chattel Mortgages; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Petroleum, see categories Mineral, Water and Fishing Rights, topic Mines and Minerals; Taxation, topic Taxes.

"Plain language" statutes, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Consumer Protection.

PLEADING.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics Accord and Satisfaction, Actions, Limitation of Actions, Practice, Process, Submission of Controversy; category Courts and Legislature, topic Courts.

PLEDGES.See category Debtor and Creditor.Pollution, see category Environment, topic Environmental Regulation.Posthumous children, see category Estates and Trusts, topics Descent and Distribution,

Wills.Pour over trusts, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills, subhead Bequests and

Devises to Inter Vivos Trusts.POWERS OF ATTORNEY.See category Property, topic Powers of Attorney. PRACTICE.See category Civil Actions and Procedure; see also topics Actions, Appeal and Error, Depositions and Discovery, Injunctions, Judgments, Pleading, Process, Submission of Controversy; categories Courts and Legislature, topic Courts;Debtor and Creditor, topics Creditors Suits, Executions.

Preliminary injunction, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Injunctions.Premium tax, see category Insurance, topic Insurance Companies. Prescription, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Limitation of Actions;

Property, topic Adverse Possession; in certain International Digests, category CivilActions and Procedure, topic Prescription.

Presumption of death or survivorship, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Death.Pretermitted children, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Price fixing contracts, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic

Monopolies, Restraint of Trade and Competition.PRINCIPAL AND AGENT.See also categories Business Organizations, topic

Partnerships; Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Brokers, Factors;Employment, topic Labor Relations.

Privileged communications, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Evidence, subhead Witnesses.

Probate, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Probate Code, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Wills.Probate courts, see category Courts and Legislature, topic Courts.Procedure, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topics Actions, Pleading,

Practice; Courts and Legislature, topic Courts.PROCESS.See category Civil Actions and Procedure. see also category

Transportation, topic Motor Vehicles.Process agent, see categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Business

Regulation and Commerce, topic Securities; Civil Actions and Procedure, topicProcess; Insurance, topic Insurance Companies; Property, topic Absentees.

Product liability, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Sales.Professional associations, see category Business Organizations, topic Associations.Professional corporations, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Prohibited marriages, see category Family, topic Marriage.Promissory notes, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Bills and

Notes, Commercial Code.Proof of claims, see categories Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Pleading; Estatesand Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

Proof of deeds, see category Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgments.PROPERTY [category]PROPERTY TAXES.See category Taxation.Proxies, see category Business Organizations, topic Corporations.Public administrators, see category Estates and Trusts, topic Executors and Administrators.

PUBLIC HEALTH.See category Health.Public works, see category Debtor and Creditor, topic Liens, subhead Mechanics'

Liens.Publication, see category Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Process.Pyramid sales, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Securities.Qualification of foreign corporation, see category Business Organizations, topic

Corporations.Quitclaim deeds, see category Property, topic Deeds.Railroads, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Carriers.Real estate brokers, see category Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Brokers.Real estate conveyance tax, see category Taxation, topic Taxes.Real estate subdividers, see Model Land Sales Practices Act, reproduced in Part III,

and category Courts and Legislature, topic Statutes, subhead Uniform Acts, for statesadopting.

REAL PROPERTY.See category Property; see also topics Adverse Possession, Curtesy, Deeds, Dower, Landlord and Tenant; categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations; Business Regulation and Commerce, topic Frauds, Statute of; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Partition; Debtor and Creditor, topics Fraudulent Sales and Conveyances, Homesteads, Liens; Documents and Records, topic Records; Estates and Trusts, topic Descent and Distribution; Family, topic Husband and Wife; Mortgages, topic Mortgages of Real Property; Taxation, topic Taxes.

RECEIVERS.See category Debtor and Creditor; see also topic Executions; categories Business Organizations, topic Corporations.

Recognition of foreign acknowledgments, see category Documents and Records, topic Acknowledgments.

RECORDS.See category Documents and Records; see also categories Business Regulation and Commerce, topics Commercial Code, Sales; Civil Actions and Procedure, topic Judgments; Debtor and Creditor, topics Assignments, Liens; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Property, topic Deeds.

Redemption, see categories Debtor and Creditor, topics Executions, Liens; Mortgages, topics Chattel Mortgages, Mortgages of Real Property; Taxation, topic Taxes.

Referendum, see category Courts and Legislatur