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Law Suits, Traditional Rites and Family Feuds: How Forensic DNA Analysis Helped Solve 10 Year old Post-Burial Family Litigation
Dr. Kofi Adjapong Afrifah (PhD)
Forensic Science Laboratory
Criminal Investigation Department Ghana Police Service
Accra
Adjunct Professor, Crime Scene Management and Advanced DNA Profiling,
Graduate Programme (Forensic Science)
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
1
A presentation delivered at the 3rd Qiagen
Investigator’s Forum in Cape Town,
South Africa on 7th November, 2019.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
2
Forensics…
• The application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system
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Forensic Science applies…
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• Chemistry
• Biology
• Physics
• Geology
• ICT
Places physical evidence into a professional discipline
} to civil and criminal law
Basic Principle of Relationship Testing…
• Every individual inherits 50% of the Genetic Make-up of Both Parents
• At each locus on a chromosome, two alleles, one from both parents are inherited
• In forensics, these alleles (STR markers) are used for human Identification
• With the Global FilerTM Kit, 24 STR markers used
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The case…
• Request made by District Court for Forensic Examination
Exhume the remains of two graves from a cemetery
To conduct DNA Test to ascertain the genetic
identity of the suspected Human Remains
In relation to the alleged relatives of the suspected
human remains
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Samples for Examination…
• I. Evidence samples taken from two graves
(human skulls, femur bones)
• II. Reference Buccal Swab Samples taken from
two families (children, mothers, fathers)
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Samples for Examination…
• Family 1
• 1. Buccal swab from CO (alleged mother of
remains from Grave 1)
• 2. Buccal swab from MA (Alleged
Sister of remains from Grave 1)
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
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Samples for Examination…
• Family 2
• 1. Buccal swab of AK (Alleged Father of remains
from grave 2)
• 2. Buccal swab of PK (Alleged Brother of remains
from grave 2)
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Laboratory Procedures
• Buccal swabs from the alleged parent(s) from each family were subjected to Forensic DNA analysis following Standard Forensic DNA Analytical procedures
Extraction
Quantification
Amplification
Electrophoresis
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Laboratory Procedures
• Bone samples from skull and femur from the 2 Graves were also subjected to Forensic DNA Analysis following same procedures
• Paternity and Maternity relationship tests were conducted on the skulls, femur and the families
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Results
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1. RESULTS
The results of the DNA quantification process are shown in figure 1.0, and table 1.0 respectively.
Results
Sample Name
Concentration
IPC CT Value
Skull Family 1
Skull Family 2
Relative Family 1
Relative Family 2
0.226
0.342
13.404
12.001
27.144
27.250
27.210
27.224
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DNA Concentrations and IPC CT values from Real-time Quantification
CT=Cycle Threshold; IPC=Internal positive control; concentration (ng/µl);
Results…
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Skull 2 from Grave 2 Buccal swab from AK
Results…
STR LOCI
ALLELE CALLS Parents alleles in skull 2 Paternity Index
AK Skull 1 Skull 2
D3S1358 16 15,17 14,16 Present 1.6113
vWA 13,15 15,17 15 Present 2.3507
D16S539 11,13 9,13 11,12 Present 0.8364
CSF1PO 8,11 11 8,10 Present 3.3112
TPOX 9 8,9 7,9 Present 2.3063
D8S1179 13,15 14 12,13 Present 1.1805
D21S11 28,32.2 28,30 32.2 Present 6.7875
D18S51 15,16 17,20 - - -
D2S441 11,12 11,13 11,12 Present 2.2556
D19S433 11,12 14,16.2 11,16 Present 3.3112
TH01 6,7 7,9 7 Present 1.2455
FGA 24,25 25 25,26 Present 2.4462
D22S1045 11,17 15,16 10,17 Present 1.0207
D5S818 12,13 12,13 10,13 Present 1.0526
D13S317 11,12 11 11,13 Present 0.8901
D7S820 10 10,11 10,11 Present 1.5042
SE33 18,25.2 14,20 17,18 Present 1.9286
D10S1248 15 12,14 14,15 Present 2.4027
D1S1656 14,16.3
14,17.3 16.3 Present
5.1706
D12S391 17,20 19,21 20,23 Present 1.9120
D2S1338 16,23 23,25 16,19 Present 4.4504
DYS391 10 NA NA NA NA
Y INDEL 2 NA NA NA NA
AMEL XY X X CPI= 1293669.4766
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Results…
STR LOCI
ALLELE CALLS Mother’s allele in skull 1
MATERNITY INDEX
CO Skull 2 Skull 1
D3S1358 16,17 14,16 15,16
Present 0.8058
vWA 11,16 15 15,16 Present 0.9268
D16S539 8,11 11,12 8,10 Present 6.7751
CSF1PO 12 8,10 12,13 Present 1.7522
TPOX 8 7 8 Present 2.8451
D8S1179 12,13 12,13 13 Present 2.3607
D21S11 29,30 32.2 29,31 Present 1.3712
D18S51 17,20 - 20
Present 8.3403
D2S441 11,14 11,12 11,12 Present 0.6299
D19S433 13,15.2 11,16 13,15.2 Present 5.5151
TH01 9,10 7 7,10 Present 24.6913
FGA 23,24 25,26 24,26 Present 1.4596
D22S1045 12,17 10,17 12,15 Present 5.2219
D5S818 11,13 10,13 11,12 Present 1.0482
D13S317 11,12 11,13 11,13 Present 0.8901
D7S820 10 10,11 6,10 Present 1.5042
SE33 16 17,18 16,19 Present 9.0009
D10S1248 12,15 14,15
15 Present
2.4026
D1S1656 16,16.3 16.3 16.3,17.3 Present 2.5860
D12S391 17,19 20,23 19,21 Present 1.7292
D2S1338 23,24 16,19 20,24 Present 3.3523
DYS391 NA NA NA NA NA
Y INDEL NA NA NA NA NA
AMEL X X X CMI=202552413.7053
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CO VS SKELETAL REMAINS FROM GRAVE
• CO (Alleged mother of remains from Grave 1 or 2) does not
share common allele with Skull 2 at some loci tested • The probability of stated relationship is given below: Combined Maternity Index (CMI) = 0 Prior Probability = 0.5 (Statistical constant) Probability of Maternity = 0%
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
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ABEKAH FAMILY VS SKELETAL REMAINS
• CO (Alleged mother of remains from Grave 1 or 2) shares common allele with Skull 2 at all loci tested
• The probability of stated relationship is given below:
Combined Maternity Index (CMI) = 202552413.7053
Prior Probability = 0.5 (Statistical constant)
Probability of Maternity = 99.99%
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CONCLUSIONS
• Skull 2 cannot be excluded as the biological daughter of CO
• Skull 1 cannot be excluded as the biological daughter of AK
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WHAT HAPPENED NEXT…
• The remaining portions of the exhibits were handed over the court …
• Final Report of the Forensic DNA tests was presented to the court…
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Funerals are great social occasions in Ghana…
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DNA Technology revolutionized Forensics…
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“In school, every period ends with a bell. Every sentence ends with a period. Every crime ends with a sentence”
…Stephen Wright, comedian
23 All Rights Reserved
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
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