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In this edition

Welcome

Welcome to issue 16 of National Measurement News. This newsletter is only in electronic format to avoid the cost of printing or professional design work. Issues contain articles and news items from the National Measurement Office and from its partners in the National Measurement System that we hope are of interest to you. If you would like to contribute to this newsletter please e-mail info@nmo.gov.uk.

Issue 16– May 2014

Leap seconds continued.. NPL future operation update

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NMO new website 3

Meters affected by onsite generation Food information to consumers presentation

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Deregulation of open or unwrapped bread W&M knitting yarns order to be revoked

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How the NMIs are rising to national challenges..

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Peter Mason retirement 9

International update 10

Diary dates 11 & 12

Leap seconds are seconds which are added to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to keep the time on our clocks in sync with the earth's rotation. The timescale used throughout the world UTC is maintained by a number of atomic clocks around the world and computed by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). These atomic clocks are incredibly regular, whereas the rotation of the earth is not, and is gradually slowing down. By adding an extra second every couple of years we ensure that UTC and solar time do not drift apart.

In 2015 the international community will come together to make a historic decision on whether to continue to use leap seconds to maintain this link between time and the earth's rotation. There are many technical arguments on both sides on this issue, involving areas such as IT, finance, communication, navigation, and satellite technology. However, this issue is not only a technical one and it may have an impact on the source of time used by us all. Some have argued that stopping leap seconds would mean breaking an important cultural relationship between the sun and the time on our clocks. Science and Universities Minister David Willetts has decided to explore what the British public think about the importance of the link between time and the sun, through launching a public dialogue (read press release) on 14 May 2014 . The first part of this dialogue process began on 30 April 2014, with a stakeholder workshop. At this event people with a professional interest in the outcome of the 2015 decision met to discuss the consequences it could have on them. There was a lively discussion which included looking at the ways Google and Big Ben handle leap seconds, and the potential consequences of ceasing to use leap seconds on diverse areas ranging from navigation to war memorials.

The understanding we developed of the impact leap seconds have on stakeholders will be used to inform four sets of workshops with the public around the UK. A cross-section of the public, with no pre-existing views on leap seconds, will participate in face-to-face workshops to offer their views on leap seconds through structured discussion. A benefit of public dialogue is that not only does it ensure that members of the public have a strong understanding of the issues when offering their views, it also gives them the opportunity to talk directly to people professionally impacted by the decision — to hear firsthand how it impacts industry and the wider community. Continued page 2

Leap seconds—Join in the debate

Image: ‘Clockwork earth’ courtesy of Ben Gilliland , editor CosmOnline.

In addition, all members of the public will be able to contribute to the public dialogue

though participating in an open discussion on the leap seconds dialogue website:

www.leapseconds.co.uk

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July 2013 saw the official launch of the process of selecting a partner to work with BIS in the future operation of NPL and at the end of last year we identified four universities to lead the formation of bidding groups for the project. These are the University of Edinburgh, the University of Southampton, the University of Strathclyde and the University of Surrey. The four universities have made links with further partners in order to form their bidding groups and develop their proposals. Bidding Group Leads have had regular meetings and discussions with NMO and NPL throughout this process and all four are very enthusiastic about the routes they are taking in their bids to be involved in the future operation of NPL. The proposals have now been received from those bidding to be involved in the future operation of NPL, which marks the

start of the assessment process to identify a preferred bidder and the competition is now closed. The project remains driven by the Written Ministerial Statement of November 2012, and the aim is to realise the objectives articulated in this statement. This can be found on the future operation of NPL section of the NMO website: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/future-operation-of-the-national-physical-laboratory-npl

NPL future operation project update

Contact: David Legg T+44 (0) 20 8943 7230 E: npl.future@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

Leap seconds continued..

The understanding we gain from this entire process will be used to inform the government's stance in 2015. The National Measurement Office (NMO) is working with the independent research organisation OPM Group to manage and deliver the dialogue. We are supported by Sciencewise, who work to improve policy making in science and technology across government through the use of public dialogue.

Contact: Paul Broadbent T+44 (0) 20 8943 7218 E: paul.broadbent@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

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The National Measurement Office has a new website that is available on: www.gov.uk/nmo. Once you have clicked on the new landing page you will be see on the top right 5 links that will navigate you to where you can find most of the content you would expect to find under our 5 Directorates. The 5 links are as follows: National Measurement System Weights and measures regulation Gas and electricity meter regulations Certification services Enforcement Authority Only recent and relevant [NMO news] stories, have transitioned and are available as items anywhere on www.gov.uk by selecting the top tab titled 'announcements', followed by the organisation. [Corporate publications] can be accessed anywhere on www.gov.uk by selecting the top tab titled 'publications', followed by the organisation and the type of publication you are interested in. For example: Transparency and Corporate reports. [About us] content is available on the www.gov.uk/nmo landing page by scrolling down the page and clicking on ‘more information’ under the ‘what we do’ section. Redirects are now in place so that if you have bookmarked a page, you will automatically be taken to: the equivalent page on GOV.UK the National Archives website, if the content did not transition If you would like to be kept up to date on content that NMO publish then please do subscribe to email alerts from the website. Subscription is easy, you only need an email address and you choose the frequency of alerts you wish to receive in your inbox. If you would also like more information on why NMO has moved to www.gov.uk then you can find out more on the following url: https://www.gov.uk/movingtogovuk . This includes a video about why www.gov.uk has been built, which organisations are already on there and other things that GDS are doing to improve digital services.

NMO has a new website

Contact: NMO Communications T: +44 (0)20 8943 7272 E: info@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

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NMO and Ofgem have recently issued a joint letter explaining the effects of onsite generation on electricity meters. This letter sets out the issues of onsite electricity generation and clarifies the current obligations and expectations on industry parties. A copy of this letter is available from the NMO website. Alongside this letter, a factsheet has also been published on the Ofgem website to assist domestic customers with determining whether or not their meters are affected. Since the introduction of the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme in 2010, an increasing number of consumers have installed renewable electricity generating equipment at their homes and premises. In some cases the import supply meter, which measures the electricity

a consumer uses from the grid, is being affected by this onsite generation. This sometimes results in inaccurate meter readings that can lead to billing issues and impact on the accuracy of electricity settlement. NMO is responsible for ensuring that the requirements in the Electricity Act, with respect to the accuracy of meters, are met by suppliers and distribution companies. As the electricity markets regulator, Ofgem have an important role in protecting the interests of existing and future electricity consumers. Furthermore, NMO and Ofgem have been working closely together with industry parties to understand this issue better. By ensuring accurate meter readings, solutions are being developed to protect consumers with onsite renewable electricity generating equipment. So far the active approach already taken by industry participants to resolve this issue going forward has been welcoming.

Trading Standards Institute conference: tickets for Food Information to Consumers presentation

The National Measurement Office (NMO) are leading a mini theatre session on the new EU Food Information to Consumers (FIC) Regulation and its impact on weights and measures at the TSI conference on Tuesday 1 July at 12:15 to 12:45. The new EU Regulation (1169/2011) on the provision of Food Information to Consumers (FIC) comes into force on 13 December 2014. In this session the NMO provide an update on: the new quantity labelling requirements under FIC the main changes from existing national rules the benefits and challenges of the new system Learning outcomes

understanding the quantity requirements of the EU Regulation (1169/2011) on the provision of Food Information to Consumers

understanding the changes to national weights and measures law on foods Tickets are available from the TSI booth on the day or can be requested by emailing Deanne.hughes@nmo.gov.uk . TSO’s should note: Continuing Personal and Professional Development (CCPD) is credited at 30 minutes.

Joint Letter about Meters Affected by Onsite Generation

Contact: Ellias Militsis T: +44 (0)20 8943 7224 E: ellias.militsis@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

Contact: Deanne Hughes T: +44 (0) 20 8943 7277 E: deanne.hughes@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

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Bakers of open or unwrapped bread deregulation

The Consumer Rights Bill will relieve bakers of the burden of keeping records of their weight checks. The Consumer Rights Bill was introduced into Parliament on 23 January 2014. One of its provisions will exempt bakers who make up bread to be sold unwrapped or in open packs from keeping records of checks of the weight of the bread, under the Weight and Measures (Packaged Goods) Regulations 2006. It will also remove the power which allows trading standards officers to exempt bakers from keeping these records. This change will relieve bakers of the burden of keeping records of their weight

checks, benefiting small and large businesses, from independent bakers to supermarket in-store bakeries. It will also remove the bureaucracy from bakers applying and Trading Standards issuing exemption certificates and remove any inconsistency in their use. Bakers may choose to continue to keep records of their checks for due diligence purposes, but they will no longer be required to do so. This is estimated to save business in the region of £600, 000 a year. However, consumer protection will be maintained as bakers will still have to ensure that the quantity of their bread is accurate, and Trading Standards may still choose to carry out inspections of the business, in accordance with the Weights and Measures (Packaged Goods) Regulations 2006. The changes are expected to come into force later this year.

Contact: Lynnette Falk T: +44 (0) 20 7215 0109 E: lynnette.falk@bis.gsi.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

Weights and Measures (Knitting Yarns) Order 1988 to be revoked

In future the manufacturers and retailers of knitting yarn will be able to decide what weight or size they produce and sell. The Weights and Measures (Knitting Yarns) Order 1988 (Statutory Instrument 1988/895) is to be revoked by the Deregulation Bill, which was introduced into Parliament on 23 January 2014. This forms part of the government’s ‘Red Tape Challenge’, the aim of which is to reduce the amount of regulation in the UK and to encourage business growth. The 1988 Order requires that pre-packaged knitting yarn be sold only by weight, or, when not pre-packaged, be sold only in fixed weights, known as prescribed quantities. By removing these restrictions, manufacturers and retailers of knitting yarn will be able to decide what weight or size they produce and sell. This in turn will allow greater freedom for manufacturers and retailers, but also provide more choice for consumers. Consumers will still be given information on weight and be protected from short measure by separate requirements that apply to pre-packaged and open packaged knitting yarn under the Weights and Measures (Packaged Goods) Regulations 2006. Manufacturers and retailers will not be required to change their existing practices or introduce new sizes as a result of this revocation. The changes are expected to come into force later this year.

Contact: Lynnette Falk T: +44 (0) 20 7215 0109 E: lynnette.falk@bis.gsi.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

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How the NMIs are rising to national challenges

The essential components of the National Measurement System (NMS) are the National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) that deliver most of the NMS work. In addition to the Legal Metrology work of NMO, the other NMIs are:

the National Physical Laboratory (NPL);

LGC;

NEL;

UK National Gears Laboratory.

These NMIs develop world-class measurement science and research. Some examples of the initiatives they are involved in are detailed below in order to demonstrate how measurement technology is responding to national challenges such as environmental sustainability, climate change, health and encouraging greater efficiencies in the engineering manufacturing sector.

NPL Open House 2014—World Metrology Day

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Teddington will open its doors on Tuesday 20 May 2014 so that people can see for themselves the amazing research we do. NPL is one of the UK's leading science and research facilities. It is a centre of excellence in developing and applying the most accurate standards, science and technology available. Our facilities in Teddington are among the world's most extensive and sophisticated for measurement science. On 20 May 2014, NPL Open House will give people the chance to explore much of the science that goes on at NPL and the facilities that are used to do it. The date is significant: 20 May is World Metrology Day. It marks the anniversary of the signing of the Metre Convention in 1875, which continues to provide the basis for a single, coherent system

of measurements, traceable to the International System of Units (SI). The occasion offers a chance to celebrate the impact of measurement on our daily lives, making it the perfect time to visit NPL, the UK's National Measurement Institute, and discover what we do. NPL Open House 2014 is a free event, although registration is essential NPL Huddersfield is also hosting an open event on the same day – find out more

Contact: Sam Gresham T: +44 020 8943 6055 E: communications@npl.co.uk W: www.npl.co.uk/open-house

Image: NPL scientist with mass spectrometer.

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The vast majority of the world’s remaining oil reserves are categorised as heavy (ie oil with a high viscosity) or unconventional oils. Due to diminishing conventional oil reserves and the need to secure future energy supplies to a rising world population, the exploitation of unconventional oils is increasing. As the development of these viscous deposits grows, so too, does the requirement for accurate flow measurement of heavy crude oils- measurement of these oils is vital for operational and commercial reasons. Unfortunately, the performance of conventional flow meters when applied to viscous fluids remains relatively unknown and a number of technical challenges are evident. These include the higher viscous friction of the fluid being metered, the possibility of extreme velocity profiles, and the increased susceptibility of viscous liquids to entrain secondary components such as solids or gas. Different metering devices are likely to be affected by these phenomena in different ways, but to date the most appropriate technologies for viscous flow measurement are not yet well defined. To help address some of the measurement challenges associated with viscous fluids, NEL, on behalf of the UK National Measurement System, completed an investigative programme at the UK National Standards Oil Flow Measurement Facility. A range of commercially available conventional liquid flow meters

were operated across a range of viscosities to consider some of the technical issues likely to be faced as the demand for heavy oil grows. The results demonstrated that liquid flow meters cannot simply be relocated from low viscosity to high viscosity service without suitable consideration or modification. Industry recognises that the growth in the development of viscous oil deposits has changed the flow measurement regime within which conventional flow meters are expected to perform accurately. However, with the industry pushing to exploit older fields which contain more viscous deposits, there is pressure to address these measurement issues through further research. This will allow a more accurate flow measurement capability to be developed thereby helping to meet the global energy challenge. If you would like to know more about this research work or require assistance in choosing a metering package for your heavy oil application, then contact NEL today.

Contact: nmshelp@tuvnel.com T: +44 (0) 13555 220222 or visit www.tuvnel.com

NEL Heavy Oil Flow Measurement Challenges

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Biofuels have long been heralded as an answer to the global energy challenge. But with doubts about the level of sustainability they offer, and regulations imposed by the European Union limiting the amount of energy that can be generated from biofuels sourced from conventional crops, it has become imperative that the origins of biofuels can be traced.

EU policies on climate protection, food production and sustainable development require detailed information on the origin of marketed biofuels. Competition for land use between biofuel and food and feed production highlights the need for sustainable raw materials. With short-term ambitious targets set for energy consumption from renewable sources, there are increasing concerns on how to control the quality, geographical and biological origin of fuel produced from such a wide range of sources.

Biofuels can be produced from a number of sources such as conventional crops (first generation biofuels), domestic waste biomass (second generation), novel non-food crops or through production from plants or microbial systems (third generation), or via synthetic biology (fourth generation). Therefore comparable measurements between different biofuel suppliers, to characterise both feedstock sources and proposed utility, are essential. Precise measurement of the isotope ratios of certain elements can be used to obtain information on the origin of materials. On a global scale, the relative abundance of isotopes such as 13C and 12C was fixed when the earth was formed, but the isotopic composition of a material can be affected subtly by its geographical origin or how it has been processed or manufactured. Building on previously developed isotope ratio measurement capability, LGC has participated in a project to evaluate the feasibility of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen ratio measurements as a tool for determining the source and origin of biofuels. LGC’s work focussed on compound-specific carbon isotope ratio measurements by gas chromatography coupled with IRMS. The project found that while hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios have the potential to provide geographical and biological origin discrimination, carbon isotope ratios were not a good marker. The methodology for bulk and compound-specific H and O isotope ratios will be developed and validated by LGC, improving the UK NMS capability in isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Based on these findings, LGC is developing new capabilities for H and O isotope ratios as a tool for future discrimination of biofuels and other uses.

LGC Fuelling the global energy challenge

Contact: Ellie Gadd E: ellie.gadd@lgcgroup.com T: +44(0)20 8943 7253 Follow us on twitter: www.twitter.com/LGCGroup LGC Science blog: http://lgcgroup.wordpress.com/

Row of petrol pumps. Image courtesy of

www.istockphoto.com

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Peter Mason has announced his impending retirement as Chief Executive of the National Measurement Office (NMO). Peter took on the role of CE in September 2007 of the then National Weights and Measures Laboratory (NWML), later renamed the National Measurement Office. Commenting on his decision to stand down, Peter said: “After a career of over 40 years in the Department of Trade and Industry and its successor Departments, I believe this is the right time to change my work/life balance. The last seven years in Teddington have been the most fulfilling in my career and it is very satisfying to be able to hand over an Agency whose international standing both in the world of legal metrology and the wider field of technical regulation and enforcement is so strong. I have also been very pleased to contribute to the new arrangements for the ownership and

operation of the National Physical Laboratory; having postponed my intended retirement to see that project through its critical stages, it is very encouraging to see how close we now are to implementing our ideas on a new style of partnership for the Laboratory.” Richard Sanders, NMO’s Deputy Chief Executive, will take over as Acting Chief Executive and Accounting Officer with effect from 1 May. Peter’s responsibilities in the NPL Project Team will be gradually transferred to Mark Holmes, Deputy Director for Innovation Infrastructure and Impact at BIS, who is currently Joint Project Director for that work. Professor Isobel Pollock, Chair to National Measurement Office Steering Board said:

As NMO’s departmental sponsor, BIS has decided not to recruit a permanent Chief Executive until the future shape of the agency becomes clearer once the future ownership of NPL has been finalised. In the meantime we would like to assure customers and stakeholders that it is ‘business as usual’ and there will be no changes in the current portfolio and delivery of our services including the normal pursuit of new business opportunities. If you have any questions about this then please feel free to contact Richard Sanders or Mark Holmes. Peter is not, however, leaving the world of legal metrology altogether – he will continue to act as the UK’s representative on the International Committee of Legal Metrology (CIML) and complete his term as the Committee’s President, which runs to October 2017. In order to facilitate this, he will be returning to NMO at the beginning of June in the role of Director, International, on a part time basis. Commenting on this arrangement, Peter says: “I am really excited to have this opportunity to continue making a contribution to the worldwide legal metrology community, drawing on the strong reputation and expertise which the UK has in this field.”

Peter Mason has announced his retirement as Chief Executive of the National Measurement Office (NMO).

Contact: Richard Sanders T: +44 (0) 20 8943 7264 E: richard.sanders@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

“We are particularly indebted to Peter for his leadership and management of the NMO for the last seven years. He has strengthened the organisation and widened the portfolio of NMO activities both nationally and globally. I wish him well in his new role as the UK’s representative on the International Committee of Legal Metrology (CIML). I look forward to working with Richard Sanders and Mark Holmes as we continue the important work of the NMO”.

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International update

NMO participated in the meeting of International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) TC9p1 meeting held at NIST, Gaithersburg, USA on the 17-18 March to discuss the revision of OIML R60; Metrological Regulation of Load Cells. The meeting was held to address a number of issues that have been raised by members of this committee following the circulation of the second Committee Draft (2CD). The outcome was very positive with a number of proposals agreed to improve the content of R60 to support the future evaluation of load cells. It is anticipated that the 3CD will be available later this year. NMO also attended a meeting of an Ad-hoc Working Group on the 20-21 March, again at NIST, tasked with raising awareness and improving the management structure of the OIML Mutual

Acceptance Arrangement (MAA). The OIML MAA is seen as a means of reducing barriers to trade and enhancing both bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations. At the meeting, NMO played a key role in the discussions and was selected to lead a task group looking at improving the structure of the management committee and participating in other task group activities aimed at raising awareness and making further improvements to the MAA. Lastly, the UK chaired the 48th CIML meeting in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. The UK achieved all of our objectives at the meeting. In particular, the publication of OIML Recommendation R49 (Water meters) was approved. This has been developed by NMO and NEL, who act as joint UK secretariat for OIML TC8/SC5. Contact: Morayo Awosola

T: +44 (0)20 8943 7287 E: morayo.awosola@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

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Diary Dates for 2014

NMO Diary Dates

1 July 2014, Harrogate International Centre, 12:15 to 12:45, EU Food Information to Consumers (FIC) Regulation and its impact on weights and measures. More details on TSI conference.

19 June 2014, Packaged goods training course, one day course covering the legal requirements concerned with packing Pre-packed product. 9 July 2014, Petrol pump verification course, one day course covering the legal, metrological and technical aspects associated with the verification of fuel dispensers. 12 September 2014, DCATS open day, open day for those candidates due to sit their legal metrology exams in November 2014 or 2015. 23 September 2014, MID Overview, one day course is intended to provide an overview of the MID legislation, with an opportunity to ask specific questions on application and translation of the requirements for real life situations. 16 September 2014, Hallmarking training and tour, will discuss selections of case studies, actual examples of the problems encountered most by Trading Standards Officers in the area of Hallmarking and a legislation overview. 8 October 2014, Verification of NAWI’s, one day course, providing an overview and practical emphasis on training in the area of NAWIs (non-automatic weighing instruments).

Contact: Anne Kearney T: +44(0) 20 8943 7216 training@nmo.gov.uk Twitter: https://twitter.com/nmogovuk Subscribe to email alerts

LGC Diary Dates

4 June and 11 September 2014, Teddington, “Introduction to method validation for biologists” A one day course covering the key principles of validation to help ensure experiments are fit for purpose. 17-18 June 2014, Teddington, “Evaluating measurement uncertainty for chemical testing laboratories” A two day training course introducing the principles of evaluating uncertainty and providing the tools for identifying uncertain-ties and using validation data. 1-3 July 2014, Teddington, “Method Validation” A three day training course providing a thorough understanding of method validation for chemical and biochemical analysis. 17 September 2014, Teddington, “Statistics for analytical scientists” A one day training course aimed at analysts who need to evaluate data or carry out tasks such as method validation and uncertainty estimation. 24 September 2014, Teddington, “Using Excel spreadsheets for data analysis in testing laboratories” A one day course to help analysts carry out effective data presentation and analysis.

Further information and booking details for these training courses can be found at: www.lgcgroup.com/training

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NEL Diary Dates

10-11 June 2014, Aberdeen, Produced Water and Environmental Conference. This Conference aims to help industry address some of the issues relating to oil-in-water measurement and monitoring, and produced water management and treatment. 21- 24 October 2014, St Andrews, North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop The North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop is the world premier flow metering event. The Workshop continues its ‘must attend’ attraction to professional and senior specialists from all aspects of the oil & gas industry. 20 May 2014, Free Webinar, Impact of Uncertainty on Industrial Flow Measurement

To celebrate World Metrology Day, NEL will be presenting a one hour free webinar, back by popular demand, where the importance of uncertainty in flow measurement will be explained and methods of evaluating and minimising measurement errors will be highlighted.

Contact: nmshelp@tuvnel.com T: +44 (0) 13555 220222 http://www.tuvnel.com

NPL Diary Dates

20 May 2014 NPL Open House 2014 The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) will open its doors on Tuesday 20 May 2014 so that people can see for themselves the amazing research we do. 02 -04 June Dimensional Measurement Training Level 1 Course introducing measurement knowledge focusing on dimensional techniques. 10 June Solderability Assessment Webinar Webinar will cover: test methods and PCB/component requirements for testing; international specifications and more. 03 - 04 July 2014 Uncertainties for Earth Observation training course Training course on uncertainty analysis for earth observation measurements, with particular emphasis on the calibration and characterisation of remote sensing radiometric instruments.

For further information on these and other events visit: www.npl.co.uk/news-events For further information about NPL training courses visit: www.npl.co.uk/training

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