LEDs - the future?

The Museum Space of the FutureV&A Museum

9th December 2010

Introduction

• part 1 - who is dha design?

• part 2 - what are LEDs?

• part 3 - what can we use LEDs for?

• part 4 - whither the future?

LED: The future?

part 1 - who is dha design?

LED: The future?

david hersey

adam grater

cats

volcano show at the mirage, las vegas

treasure island, las vegas bellagio, las vegas

emirates palace hotel, abu dhabi wynn macau casino, macau

wynn encore, macau

hancock, great north museum, newcastle

medieval & renaissance galleries, v&a museum, london

the book of the dead, british museum, london

richard & judith bollinger jewellery gallery, v&a museum, london

part 2 - what are LEDs?

LED: The future?

Typical LED replacement lamp - 38 diodes in one package

Haitz’s law - light output increases exponentially

• electroluminescence discovered in 1907

• first infra-red LED developed in 1961

• first visible (red) LED developed in 1962.

• until 1968, LEDs cost upward of $200 per unit.

• first high-powered blue LED in 1990s.

• blue LED can excite phosphor to produce white light.

Inner workings of an LED (drawing by S-Kei)

Effect on life of Luxeon T2 LED by temperature(graph by Luxeon Inc.)

• an LED is a semi-conductor device, also referred toas a solid-state device.

• when electron meets a hole, a photon is emitted.

• colour of light is determined by material.

• less wear-and-tear makes devices extremely long-lived.

• heat is primary cause of early LED failure.

• an LED cannot make white light, but only a narrow partof spectrum.

• we can combine the colour of several LEDs for RGB or additive mixing

• or a high-output short wavelength LED to excite a phosphor coating

• RGB LEDs can be tuned to give white at the expense of colour stability.

• remote phosphor LEDs become physically larger forhigher outputs.

• high output LEDs need considerable thermal management

RGB LEDs combine to produce white light.

Remote phosphor LED uses multiple LEDs anda single emission plate to create white light

Xicato XLM Module - up to 2200 lumens at 700mA

Xicato - phosphor coated technology

Compact Size, Compact Fixtures

2” Diameter

EfficacyLuminous Flux

Av Rated Lamp Life

Xicato XSM @ 700mA 3000K

46 lumens / W

1,000 lumens

50,000 hours

Xicato XLM @ 700mA 3000K

52 lumens / W

2,200 lumens

50,000 hours

Osram 20W HCI-TC Powerball

85 lumens / W

1,700 lumens

12,000 hours

71mm x 15mm optical window plug in connections

• colour rendering - how measured?

• what is the lamp life, how is it measured?

• how easy is it to replace the LED module?

• how can we control the output?

• what guarantee will the manufacturer give to producereplacement fixtures in the future?

• will the LED module be obsolete in the near future?

part 3 - how can we use LEDs?

LED: The future?

project #1 - Medieval & Renaissance Galleries,V&A Museum

LED: The future?

project #2 - Extraordinary Heroes,Lord Ashcroft Gallery,Imperial War Museum

LED: The future?

project #3 - Atmosphere,Science Museum, London

LED: The future?

part 4 - the future of LED?

LED: The future?

extract - ‘Guidelines for specification of LED Lighting Products 2010’ (8pp).

extract - ‘LumeLEX 2000 Series Reliability Datasheet IS-0112~’ (13pp.)

• Daily Mail article, 25th October 2010:‘Seeing the cut price light’.

• Ryness Electrical replacement GU10downlight supplies 340 lumens.

• typical 50W dichroic supplies 800 lumens.

• replacing standard downlight with suggested lamp would reduce light output by 58%

• replacing one lamp would save 86% energy.

• however 2.4 new lamps would be needed.

• replace halogen with IRC technology & energy saving drops to 52%.

• energy saving is only part of the picture

• payback time rises to 5 years.

Typical GU10 filament lamp

Suggested LED lamp for GU10 replacement