LES HADRONS POUR LA SANTE

Swiss Teachers' Jamboree - CERN 1

LES HADRONS POUR LA SANTELES HADRONS POUR LA SANTE''

Ugo Amaldi

Università di Milano Bicocca e Fondazione TERA


Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

(1845 – 1923)

1895

Discovery of X-rays

The starting pointThe starting point


CT

Computer Tomography


Linac for the therapy with X-raysLinac for the therapy with X-rays

Multileaf collimator

3 GHz Electron linac

270 bending magnet

e- X target

Flattening filters

Ion chambers

target

Maximum field size40 40 cm2

Maximum dose rate: ~ 5 Gy/min


LINAC, multileaf collimator and TPSLINAC, multileaf collimator and TPS


1930

Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron

M. S. Livingston e E. Lawrence

With the 25 inch cyclotron


1975

450 GeV protons

SPS at CERN

1981- SPS is transformed in a proton-antiproton collider

Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer


gluon

Main results of 30 years of research (1950-1980)

Quarks are the constituents of atoms together with electrons

They are bound by gluons to form

HADRONS


Hadrons penetrating in matterHadrons penetrating in matter

4500 MeV CARBON

(PSI – Villigen)


Comparison of X rays (IMRT) with protonsComparison of X rays (IMRT) with protons

Between eyes

In the abdomen

In the brain


RBE=Radiobiological RBE=Radiobiological EffectivenessEffectiveness

Carbon ions are effective on “radio-resistant” tumours

In a cell a carbon ion leaves 23 times more energy than a proton

The ‘quality’ of the deposited energy

is different


Number of potential patientsNumber of potential patients

Therapy with X-rays (5 – 20 MeV)

20'000 patients/year in 10 million inhabitants

Protontherapy

Category A: 1% of X-ray patients = 200 patients/year in 10 M

Category B: 10% of X-ray patients = 2'000 patients/year in 10 M

Therapy with carbon ions of radioresistant tumours

10% of X-ray patients = 2'000 patients/year in 10 M


Hadrontherapy in the worldHadrontherapy in the world

M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston (TX) (2004)

protons ( 235 MeV) from cyclotron3 gantries + 1 fixed beam + 1 experimental

Midwest Proton Radiaton InstituteBloomington (IN) (2003)

protons ( 210 MeV) from cyclotron1 gantry + 1 fixed beam + 1 experimental

LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY CENTER

Los Angeles (1992)protons ( 250 MeV) from synchrotron

3 gantries + 2 fixed beams

NORTHEAST PROTON THERAPY CENTER

NPTC of Mas General HospitalBoston (2001)

protons ( 235 MeV) cyclotron (IBA)

2 gantries + 2 fixed beams



KASHIWA CENTERChiba (1998)

protons ( 235 MeV)cyclotron (IBA – SHI)

2 Gantries + 1 hor. beam

HYOGO MED CENTREHyogo (2001)

protons ( 230 MeV) - He and C ions ( 320 MeV/u) Mitsubishi synchrotron

2 p gantries + 2 fixed p beam + 2 ion rooms

TSUKUBA CENTREIbaraki (2001)

protons ( 270 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi)

2 gantries2 beam for research

WAKASA BAY PROJECTby Wakasa-Bay Energy Research Center

Fukui (2002)protons ( 200 MeV) synchrotron (Hitachi)

1 h beam + 1 v beam + 1 gantry

SHIZUOKA FACILITYShizuoka (2002)

protons cyclotron or synchrotron2 gantries + 1 h beam

HEAVY ION MEDICAL ACCELERATOR

HIMAC of NIRS (1995)He and C ( 430 MeV/u) 2 synchrotrons

2 h beams + 2 v beams



“Hospital-based” centres of protontherapy three in USA

two in China

one in Korea

one in Germany

one in Switzerland


Swiss Centre at PSI - VilligenSwiss Centre at PSI - Villigen

PSI VilligenOptis – eye tratment: 3800 patients

PSI “gantry”: 150 patients


PSI: PROSCANPSI: PROSCAN

Superconducting cyclotron of ACCEL (Germany)


European projects with carbon ionsEuropean projects with carbon ions

GSI – DarmstadtPilot project 200 patients


HICAT - HeidelbergHICAT - Heidelberg

72,5 Meuro

Ready in 2006


Proton Ion Medical Machine Study

PIMMS at CERN 1996-2000

A linac IH (GSI) in the ring

Compact lines

Gantries in phase 2

-

TERA PROJECT

PIMMS

(Proton Ion Medical Machine Study)

CERN – TERA – Med-Austron


SiteSite

CNAO FoundationCNAO Foundation::

Policlinici di Milano e Pavia, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Istituto Policlinici di Milano e Pavia, Istituto Neurologico Besta, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Istituto dei Tumori, TERA Europeo di Oncologia, Istituto dei Tumori, TERA

TOTAL: 40,3 MeuroTOTAL: 40,3 Meuro

Ready in fall 2007Ready in fall 2007

Announced by Italian

Government on 20.1.03

Pavia

Close to the University

Hospital San Matteo


Pavia Centre

CNAO Foundation

5

4

3

2

1


CNA = Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia for p and CNA = Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia for p and 1212CC

Phase 1


MagnetsMagnets


Prototipo di quadrupoloPrototipo di quadrupolo

In collaborazione

con i Laboratori

di Frascati dell’INFN


General planGeneral plan

Parking lotParking lot


STUDIO CALVI s.r.l. Ingegneria e Architettura, Aprile 2003STUDIO CALVI s.r.l. Ingegneria e Architettura, Aprile 2003

Entrata principale ed edificio del sincrotroneEntrata principale ed edificio del sincrotrone


ENLIGHTENLIGHTEUROPEAN NETWORK

ESTRO, EORTC, CERN, GSICentre of HeidelbergCentre of PaviaCentre of Wiener-NeustadtCentre of LyonCentre of Stockholm

European

Network

for LIGHt-ion

Therapy


2006-2007

Europa: due centri ospedalieri di adroterapia con ioni carbonio

1896-1897

Europa: primi usi dei raggi X in terapia

Heidelberg

Pavia

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LES HADRONS POUR LA SANTE