Lesson Four:

•Istinja & Istibra: •Rulings •Makruhat •Adab

•Ghusl: •Key Terminology •Factors Which Obligate Ghusl •Genital Emissions & Their Rulings •Factors Which Do Not Obligate Ghusl •Farai’d •Sunan •Catergories of Ghusl

Istinja and Istibra: What to use

1

Tissue

Water is preferred

Joining between the two is best

Suffices to use any of the two

Sunna is to purify the area of impurity

Rulings of Istinja

Impurity does not leave the

exit

Removal is Sunna

Removal is Wajib

Impurity is more than a

dirham

Removal is Fard

Impurity leaves the exit but not more than a dirham

Istinja: Rulings

2

Istinja: Makruh/Disliked Acts

3

• Exposing the private area (awrah)

For men: from the navel to the knees

For women: all the body except hands, feet and face

• The general principle is:

– Closing the doors of mischief ( درء المفاسد ) precedes performing good actions ( جلب المصالح )

Get Thinking: If a man has to make istinja in order to pray, but cannot do so without exposing his awrah, what should he do?

Istinja: Things which are makruh to use for istinja

4

Food & Bones

• Due to wastage and disrespect

Bricks

• Roughness

Earthenware & Charcoal

• Small in size therefore hand may become dirty

Glass & Gypsum

• Harm

Revered Items

• Value

Right Hand

• Honour

Istinja: Adab of Istinja

5

Dua Enter with left

foot Sit

comfortably

Do not face or turn back

towards qibla

Avoid unnecessary

talk

Use the left hand

Exit with the right foot

Dua

Ghusl: Key Terminology

6

Term Explanation

Ghusl Major ritual bath

Janaba Major ritual impurity

Junbi Someone in need of ghusl

Najasa Impurity

Shahwa Sexual arousal

Jima’ Sexual relations

Manni Sperm

Madhi Released before sexual intercourse

Wadi Released after and occasionally before urinating

Ihtilam Night Emission (Wet Dream)

Ghusl: Factors which obligate ghusl

7

1. Ejaculation with ‘shahwa’ even without intercourse

2. Disappearance of the head of the male genital organ

3. Presence of thin liquid upon awakening provided the male genital organ was not erect before sleep

4. End of menstrual periods and postnatal bleeding

5. Bathing a deceased muslim

Whilst in a state of janaba, the follwoing are not permitted;

(a) Salah; (b) Touching or reciting al-Qur’an; (c) Entering the masjid; (d) Tawaf

Ghusl is necessitated by any of the following things:

Liquids which exit from the privates and their rulings

8

• If released due to sexual arousal: Necessitates ghusl

• Otherwise invalidates wudu

Sperm

• Invalidates wudu

Madhi

• Invalidates wudu

Wadi

Ghusl: Night Emission (Wet Dream)

9

Find no wetness Ghusl not necessary whether or not you

remember a wet dream

Find wetness

Certain/possible that it is

sperm/madhi

Ghusl necessary whether or not you

remember a wet dream

Certain that it is not sperm/madhi

Ghusl not necessary whether or not you

remember a wet dream

Certain its not sperm but doubtful

on madhi

Ghusl necessary if you remember a wet

dream

Ghusl not necessary if you do not remember

a wet dream

Ghusl: Factors Which Do Not Obligate Ghusl

10

Madhi and Wadi Wet dream without

wetness

Inserting medicine into the rear

Insertion of the finger or the like into the female

genital organ

Ghusl: Farai’d

11

• The water much reach the bottom of the throat unless fasting

1. Rinsing the mouth

• The water must reach the hard bone in the nose unless fasting.

2. Sniffing water into the nose

• Water must FLOW over the whole body. Women do not have to untie their plats or braids as long the water reaches the roots of the hair.

3. Passing water over the whole body

Ghusl: Sunan

12

Intention

Tasmiya (bismillah)

Wash both hands

Remove any visible

impurity

Wash the genital organs

Perform wudu

Wash the whole body

thrice

Pour water over the right

shoulder

Then over the left shoulder

Then over the head

Rub whilst washing

Ghusl: Categories of Ghusl

13

• Previously discussed

Fard

• Every Friday before Jumma’ Prayers

• Days of ‘Eid

• Before donning the Ihram

• Day of ‘Arafa

Sunna

• Before entering al-Madina al-Munawwara

• Upon embracing Islam

• After washing a dead body

• 15th of Sha’ban (Layla al-Bara’a)

Mustahab

Lesson Five:

•Tayammum: •Conditions •Fara’id •Sunan •Nawaqid

• Lexically: Purpose and intention

• Technically: Wiping of the face and hands on pure soil

• Purpose: To remove difficulty

• Virtue: Specific to this Ummah

Hadith: The earth has been made as a Masjid and purification for me

Tayammum (Dry Ablution)

Tayammmum – Dry Ablution

1

Tayammum: Conditions – (1) Intention

2

Intention is to make a firm resolution in the heart at the time of performing tayammum

The general rule for tayammum to be valid for salah is:

‘The intention must be for salah or a part of salah accompanied with a specific intention for it’

Tayammum: Conditions – Intentions which are valid/invalid for salah

3

Valid for prayer

For purification

For salah

To recite Qu’ran in state of Janaba

To recite Qur’an after menses/post natal

bleeding

Invalid for prayer

Tayammum itself

To recite Quran in state of minor ritual impurity

To enter masjid in major/minor ritual

impurity

To touch the Quran in major/minor ritual

impurity

Tayammum: Conditions – (2) Valid Excuse

4

Tayammum is only valid when at least one of the following applies:

• Lack of water:

– No water can be found after searching a one mile radius

– The amount of water available is only sufficient for drinking

– There is water but there are no means to obtain it, e.g. There is a well but no bucket with which to draw water out

• Illness:

– Using water for wudu or ghusl will worsen the illness

• Fear of harm to life/limb

– Usage of water will result in harm to a limb or life, e.g. The water may be so cold it will cause frostbite

• Fear of missing Eid/Janaza

Tayammum: Conditions – (3) Pure earth substance

5

Rule: ‘Anything that turns into ashes or melts by burning is not allowed to be used for tayammum, every other natural

material is allowed.’

Soil

Stones

Rocks

Sand

Dust

Can use

Wood

Metals

Grass

Paint

Cant use

Tayammum: Fara’id

6

1. Wiping the face

2. Wiping hands up to and including elbows

نه با فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم م موا صعيدا طي فتيم

Then perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces

and hands (Surah al-Ma’ida, V.6)

Tasmiyya

Qura’nic order

Continuity: Wiping each limb

immediately after the previous one

To run the hands forwards and

backwards on the ground, sand etc

Keeping fingers open and spread

Shake off excess soil by hitting hands

together (Without clapping)

Tayammum: Sunan

7

Tayammum: Nawaqid

8

Anything that invalidates wudu invalidates tayammum plus:

• Finding water

• Accessing water

Get Thinking: If a person is praying salah after making tayammum, and whilst in prayer he sees a bucket of water. Is his tayammum and therefore his salah broken or not?

Lesson Six:

•Wiping over Khuffayn (Mas ‘ala al-Khuffayn) : •Conditions – When is it permissable? •Duration of Validity •Fard & Sunna of Wiping •Nawaqid •Ruling of Bandages

Wiping Over Khuffayn : Conditions for wiping

1

Worn after washing the feet

Cover the feet and ankles

Able to walk in them

Free from tear – size equivalent to three of

smallest toes

Must ‘cling’ to feet without being tied

Must be impermeable; prevent water from

reaching the skin

The front part of the foot is present

The socks must fulfil ALL of the following conditions:

Wiping Over Khuffayn : Duration of Validity

2

24 hours

Resident

72 hours

Traveller

As long as one remains in wudu, wiping on the socks is valid; one does not need to wash the feet during wudu, for the following durations:

Wiping on khuffayn t is valid for men and women

Wiping Over Khuffayn : Fard and Sunna

3

Fard

• Wipe area equivalent to the three smallest fingers of the hand over the top part of each foot

Sunnah

• Begin wiping from toes up to the shin with spread fingers

Valid only for minor ritual impurity (الحدث) and NOT major ritual impurity (الجنابة)

Wiping Over Khuffayn : Nawaqid

4

All things that invalidate wudu

Removal of the khuff

The foot becomes wet

Duration for wiping expires

Wiping Over Khuffayn : Not allowed to be wiped

5

Turban

Hat

Veil

Gloves

Tights

Socks

Rulings of Bandages and The Like

6

• Wipe over the bandage Opening the

bandage is harmful or difficult

• Wipe over the whole limb

Harmful to pass water over the limb

due to disease or pain

• Wiping will not suffice over the extra part

Bandage should not cover the limb more

than necessary

• Necessary to open the bandage and wash the unwounded part

Not possible to tie the bandage

without covering an extra part of the

limb

• Wipe over the bandage Not possible to

open the bandage

• Wipe over the bandage

Opening the bandage is possible but tying back in a similar manner is not, which may result in harm

• Wipe over the bandage

Opening and tying back is possible but the mere opening may result in harm

Ruling of Bandages and The Like contd

7

Lesson Seven:

•Women Issues •Menstrual Bleeding (Hayd) •Postnatal Bleeding (Nifas) •Bleeding Due to Illness (Istihada) •Days of Purity (Tuhar)

Hayd, Nifas & Istihada: Definitions

1

Hayd

Menstrual bleeding

Nifas

Postnatal bleeding

Istihada

Chronic vaginal discharge

Actions which are forbidden whilst in a state of Hayd or Nifas are praying Salah, fasting, recitation and touching of al-Qur’an, entering a masjid, tawaf, sexual intercourse and sexual foreplay involving the area between the navel and knees of the woman

An adult – reached the age of puberty

Not ill – Bleeding is not the result of a medical condition Not pregnant

Not reached the age of menopause

Min days of Hayd: 3 days

Max days of Hayd: 10 days

Hayd – Menstrual Bleeding

2

In a nutshell: If a women undergoes bleeding which lasts between 3 and 10 days and is not the result of an illness, pregnancy etc and she has not reached the age of menopause, this bleeding will be considered the result of hayd.

Hayd is that bleeding of a female provided she is:

Nifas (Postnatal Bleeding) & Istihada (Chronic Vaginal Bleeding)

3

Min days of Nifas: no fixed limit

Max days of Nifas: 40 days

NB. Forty days are the maximum. If blood stops prior to forty days, Nifas comes to an end

Blood which is discharged after giving birth is called nifas.

Stops less than three days of Hayd Lasts longer than ten days of Hayd Lasts longer than forty days of Nifas

Istihada is any bleeding which:

In a nutshell: All blood which is neither classified as Hayd or Nifas is Istihada

Tuhar – Days of Purity

4

• Days of purity:

– Separate two hayd periods

– Separate between nifas and a menperiod

• Minimum no. of days: 15 days

• Maximum no. of days: no time limit

• Except for a female that entered puberty with Istihada

– Ten days from when she sees blood are considered as her periods. The rest of the month is purity