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2012/EPWG/SDMOF/002 Session 1

Lesson Learned from Major Disasters in Indonesia

Purpose: Information Submitted by: Indonesia

6th Senior Disaster Management Officials Forum

Vladivostok, Russia9-10 October 2012

NATIONAL AGENCY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT (BNPB)

MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDONESIAMAJOR DISASTERS IN INDONESIA

Date : Sunday, December 26th 2004Earthquake Time : 07 58 48.38 Western

Indonesian TimeEpicentrum : 2.9 longitude – 95.6 BT In the

depth of : 20 km under water 149 km south of Meulaboh

Scale : 8,9 SR

EARTH QUAKE & TSUNAMI IN ACEH

Impact•The stagnation of Provincial and district/Municipal Governments•Casualties : dies > 128.803 people

missing > 37.066 peopledisplacement > 556.638 people

•The stagnation of social and economic activities•People were panic, worried and stressed (psychological trouble)•The damage and destroy of infrastructure

• Occurrence–5,9 RS, May 27, 2006 at 5.58 West Time Zone

• Casualties–Died 5.773 people–Displacement 2.165.488 people

• Damage–Heavy damage of house 129.799 unit–Slightly damage of house 172.854 unit–School 1.109 unit, Place of piety 1.674 unit–Government office 1.302 unit and other public

facilities

EARTH QUAKE IN JOGJAKARTA & CENTRAL JAVA

EARTHQUAKE WEST SUMATERAEARTHQUAKE WEST SUMATERASeptember 31, 2009

CASUALTIES1.195 dies, 2 missing , 1.798 InjuredDAMAGESHouse 271.540 units, Education Facility 4.625 units,

Religious Facility 2.488 units, Medical Facility 395 units, Governmental Facility 423 units, Road 285 internodes, Bridge 61 units

DETAILS7.9 SR (14:55 WIB) depth 30 Km, epicentrum 8.24 LS – 107.32 BT

HANDLINGDeliver Rapid Assessment Team and give

assistance to local Government to establish Command Post, coordinating with local, national and international stake holder.

ACCIDENT : Earthquake 7.2 RS and TsunamiDATE, TIME : Monday, Oct 25 2010 21.42 WIBEPICENTRUM : 78 Km South‐West of Pagai Selatan ‐

MentawaiDEPTH : 10 KmPOTENTIAL HAZARD  : Tsunami (12 m height, 600 m far from 

shoreline)MMI : VI‐VII Pagai Selatan, III ‐ IV Padang, III ‐

IV Pariaman, III Sungai Penuh, III Bengkulu, II Kepahiang, II ‐ III Ketahun

HANDLING : people evacuation, medical treatment, basic needs fulfillment, shelters/barracks development, infrastructures recovery, On‐Call budget

CONSTRAINT : An island, high waves on the strait

DATE : Monday, Oct 25, 2010AFFECTED AREAS : Yogyakarta Province (Sleman 

Distric) dan Central Jawa (Klaten, Magelang, Boyolali and Temanggung)

STATUS : “BEWARE” Level IV (Oct 25 2010 to Dec 03 2010)

CASUALTIES : 322 dies, 427 treated, 136.585 evacuated

DAMAGES : 3.099 houses, 217 schools, 7 markets, 15 health facilities, etc

HANDLING : people evacuation, medical treatment, basic needs fulfillment, shelters/barracks development, infrastructures recovery, On‐Call budget

FUTHER HANDLING: mud flood anticipation

TIME : 2006 – 2012AFFECTED AREAS  : Sumatera (Jambi, Riau, South 

Sumatera) and Kalimantan/Borneo IMPACTS : Haze pollution (cross country), 

respiratory infections, flight disorderRELIEF  MEASURES : medical treatment, prevention, fire 

extinguishing by land (fire fighter) and air (water bombing), weather modification technology, On‐Call budget

Hotspot accumulation 1998 - 2010

Indonesia encounters Land and Forest FiresIndonesia encounters Land and Forest Fires

Haze spreading in 1997

THE PROFILE OF INDONESIATHE PROFILE OF INDONESIA

Facts and problem encountered :

1. Much of the economy is highly vulnerable to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

2. High rainfall in the west and dry zones in the east are subject to recurring floods and droughts

3. Deforestation and prolonged drought intensity and increase the occurrence of forest fires

Disaster events increased significantly.70% hydro‐meteorological disastersTrend disasters will increase in future with increasing global climate change and environmental degradation.

82122

190

896692

888

1302

1835

533

814

744

The increasing frequency of disasters burdens public finance and the economy :1. 2004 Aceh/Nias Tsunami : US $ 4.5 billion 2. 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake : US $ 3.5 billion3. 2009 Sumatra Earthquake : US $ 3.0 billion4. 2010 Mt. Merapi Eruption : US $ 3.2 billion5. 2010 Mentawai Tsunami : US $ 1.5 billion6. 2010 West Papua Landslides : US $ 0.2 billion

7. Small7. Small––Medium Scale Disasters up to 2012 : US $ 1.3 billionMedium Scale Disasters up to 2012 : US $ 1.3 billion

CHALLENGES AHEAD

1. Population growth and urbanization increase vulnerabilities

2. Weak zoning enforcement and poorly maintained infrastructure contribute to the problem

3. More frequent events + increased exposure + lower coping capacity = Higher Impacts

4. Climate Change Factor increase the level of risks

POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATIONPOLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION

10/11/2012

DISASTER MANAGEMENT & POLICY

3. ESTABLISH LDMO IN 33 P & 491 D

4. IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVENTION & MITIGATION PLAN ACCORDING TO HFA

6. INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECOVERY PROGRAM

7. TO PURSUE COMMUNITY RESILIENCY

8. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS

9. UTILIZATION OF MILITARY ASSETS FOR DISASTER RELIEF

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT LAW

5. ENHANCEMENT OF CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE

2. ESTABLISH 5 YEAR DM PLAN

LDMO = Local Disaster Management Office

ESTABLISHEMENT  LDMO (BPBD)IN PROVINCE AND DISTRIC LEVEL• 33 P AND 435 D  OF 33 P AND 491 D• BPBD UNDER GOVERNOR  OR MAYOR JURISDICTION• MOST BPBD OPERASIONAL COST S ARE SUPPORTED 

BY NATIONAL  BUDGET• BPBD Coordinate all agencies involved in DM activities • BPBD should be the first responder when disaster 

occurs and  BNPB supports BPBD with Emergency  Response Fund

• BNPB should strengthen the  capacity  of BPBD personnel's & equipments through regular trainings on prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. 

• International Cooperation's in capacity building BPBD are conducted with UN System, International NGO  as well as invitation for oversees training offered by other governments

Organization Framework ofBNPB  and  BPBD

18

PRESIDENT RI

Ministries/ Departments

GOVERNOR

BNPB

Non Departments Institution

BUPATI/MAYOR

BPBD

Agencies

CAMAT

BPBD

Agencies 

Head of Village

COMMUNITY

National1

Provincial33

District/Municipal491 (401)

Sub District

Village

Implementation of Prevention and Mitigation

• The Implementation of Hyogo Framework  5 Priorities for Action on DRR has attained substansial achievement

• Develop Public Private Partnership in Disaster Relief and Recovery Process

• Develop Early Warning System for Tsunami, Land‐Slide, Volcanic Eruption,  Flood and Forest Fires that all are linked to EOC’s

ENHANCHMENT THE CAPACITY for EMERGENCY RESPONSE

• Capacity Building for Joint‐Rapid Assessment Teams (JRAT)• Capacity Building for Rapid Response Unit (RRU) , most of the 

members are stem from Military Personnel's by assignment . There are 2 Units ready for action  located in Jakarta and Malang.  They are only be deployed for major disasters.

• Provide mobile satellite base real‐time devices for JRAT and RRU when deploying to affected areas..

• Support JRAT & RRU with Emergency Heli‐borne Photo System

• Conduct Exercise for Disaster Relief at local, national and international level with the involvement of military assets.

• Implement Clustering  on ICS System • Develop Sattelite‐Based Emergency Operation Center (EOC’s) 

in National & District Levels.

Increase the Effectiveness of Recovery ProgramShift attention to Immidiate Early Recovery MeasuresAssessment for Recovery is conducted during  Disaster Relief PhaseUse Emergency Response Fund for Early Recovery Program, especially for housing and access roads.Recovery are synchronized and conducted by all sectors from National and International, including participation and donation b P i t S t d

10/11/2012

PURSUE COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

1. Community Base Self‐Help/Rescue Groups

2. Community Leaders Risk Education

3. Religious Center Based Shelter Development

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS

• UN OCHA, UNICEF, WFP, UN ISDR Capacity Building

• JICA, AIFDR, USAID, NZ AID, WORLD BANK  Capacity Building

• ASEAN,  US PACOM, US STATE DEPARTMENT  Capacity Building

• INDONESIAN H.A a).2011  USD 5 MILLION  THAILAND

FLOOD,  JAPAN TSUNAMI, PHILLIPINE ,  ETC

b).2012  USD 2 MILLION  RDRK

UTILIZATIONMILITARY ASSETS

• Deployment soldiers for Disaster Relief in any disaster

• Navy Ships help transport Relief items to affected area

• Airforce Hercules helps airdrop for relief items

• RRU deployment by Indonesian Army 

• Military HADR operation is fully funded by BNPB using ERF fund

Indonesia Disaster Relief Training Ground(Ina DRTG)

Overview

INDONESIANational Agency for Disaster Management

Active tectonic movement causing earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruption frequently in Indonesia.

Hindia-Australia Plate

Eurasia PlatePacific Plate

5-6 cm/year

12 cm/year

INDONESIA: Natural Disaster

National:Disaster Management Law No. 24/2007

Government Regulations

Disaster Management Implementation (Govt. Reg No. 21/2007)

Funding and Management of Disaster Assistance (Govt. Reg No. 22/2007)

Participation of International Institutions and Foreign Non Government Institutions in Disaster Management (Govt. Reg. No. 23/2007)

Presidential Regulation

Presidential Regulation No. 8 Year 2008: Establishment of BNPB

Decision on status and level of disaster (in the process)

Ministerial/BNPB RegulationMoHA Reg Nr. 131 / 2004: Disaster Management in the Local Level

MoHA Reg Nr. 46/2008: Guidelines for Organization Structure of BPBD

Head of BNPB Reg Nr. 3/2008: Guidelines for the Establishment of BPBD

Provincial / District / MunicipalityLocal Regulations (PerDa)

Establishment of BPBD

DisaDisasster Management ter Management Law Law NNo. 24 o. 24 // 20072007

The role of National and Local Governments

Establishment of BNPB and BPBDs

Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM

Roles of Private sectors and International in DM

DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster

Funding and Relief Assistance Management

Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM implementation

PLANNINGIntegration of DM into Development Planning (National/Provincial/District)◦ DM in Long-term/Medium-

term/Annual Development Plan◦ Development of National Action

Plan for DRR ◦ Development of National Plan on

Disaster Management 2010 2014

DM Planning and the Guidelines◦ DM Plan (in progress)◦ Contingency Plan (in 6

provinces/24 districts)◦ Emergency Framework (in

progress)◦ Recovery Plan (DLA/PDNA/HRNA

methodology)

FUNDINGOrdinary Fund

To support ministries/departments’routine and operational activities especially for DRR.

Contingency FundBudget allocated for emergency preparedness

Emergency Fund (Standby)For emergency response and disaster relief

Social Assistance FundBudget allocated for post-disaster assistance

Funds originated from donation

1. Climate Change2. Control on Environmental Degradation3. Early Warning System4. Disaster Management:

Capacity enhancement of government and community in risk reduction, mitigation and emergency response, as well as forest fires in 33 provincesEstablishment of rapid response (special task force for emergency response) with sufficient transportation means based in strategic location (Jakarta & Malang) to be able to reach nationwide                   SRC PB/INDRRA