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FIDIC Davos Conference 2011 1 Kaoru KARIYA Kaoru KARIYA Director, TOKYO ENGINEERNG CONSULTANTS CO., LTD Member of FIDIC - Business Practices Committee Member of The Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers (AJCE) Special Session Four - Natural Disasters, 2011/10/5 (Wed.) Lessons learnt by a scarce Lessons learnt by a scarce mega mega- disaster experience disaster experience and importance of handing and importance of handing them on to next generations them on to next generations FIDIC Davos Conference 2011 2 On March 11, Japan was hit by one of the most powerful earthquakes in history. Magnitude of the Great East Japan Earthquake was Mw9.0 and associated Tsunami was the worst natural disasters in Japan since the Second World War. Dead and missing persons are more than 20,000, including foreign citizens. 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake Earthquake Earthquake Tsunami Tsunami Nuclear power Nuclear power plant accident plant accident

Lessons learnt by a scarce mega-disaster experience … · associated Tsunami was the worst natural disasters in Japan since the Second World War. ... Mega Tsunami Mega Earthquake

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Kaoru KARIYAKaoru KARIYADirector, TOKYO ENGINEERNG CONSULTANTS CO., LTD

Member of FIDIC - Business Practices CommitteeMember of The Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers (AJCE)

Special Session Four - Natural Disasters, 2011/10/5 (Wed.)

Lessons learnt by a scarce Lessons learnt by a scarce megamega--disaster experience disaster experience and importance of handing and importance of handing

them on to next generationsthem on to next generations

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On March 11, Japan was hit by one of the most powerful earthquakes in history. Magnitude of the Great East Japan Earthquake was Mw9.0 and associated Tsunami was the worst natural disasters in Japan since the Second World War. Dead and missing persons are more than 20,000, including foreign citizens.

3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake

EarthquakeEarthquakeTsunamiTsunami

Nuclear powerNuclear powerplant accidentplant accident

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Japan was supported by Many countries & organisations in the world

Rescue party: 43, Relief supplies: 62 Relief and condolence money: 92

Rescue team from Rescue team from Switzerland 2011/3/13Switzerland 2011/3/13

Rescue team Rescue team from Germanyfrom Germany

Disaster rescue team and emergency aid Disaster rescue team and emergency aid activity from foreign countries and organizationactivity from foreign countries and organization

Iwate Prefecture

Miyagi Prefecture

Fukushima Prefecture

Source : Ministry of Foreign Affairs HP (Data as of 1st Sep. )

Epicenter

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Condolences & encouragement by FIDIC Condolences & encouragement by FIDIC Gregs G Thomopulos, FIDIC President, 14 March 2011Enrico Vink, FIDIC Secretary general, 14 March 2011Jon Boyd, Former FIDIC President, 12 March 2011Eigil Steen Pedersen, Former FIDIC President, 16 March 2011Dennis Sheehan, Chair of FIDIC ASPAC, 11 March 2011Subhash Mehrotra, Former Director of FIDIC, 14 March 2011Stanley Kawaguchi, Former Director of FIDIC, 14 March 2011Fatma Colasan, Former Director of FIDIC, BPC, 14 March 2011Kiran K. Kapila, Former Director of ASPAC, 21 March 2011Megan Motto, Secretary General of Australian society, 14 March 2011Nicole Pusic, Secretary of Australian society, 16 March 2011Ibrahim Mammadzadeh, Chair of Azerbaijan society, 12 March 2011Petros Petrakopoulos, Chair of Greek society, 17 March 2011Andreas Loukatos, Secretary general of Greek society, 17 March 2011Stavros Fessas, Director of Greek society, 17 March 2011Nguyen Dang Can, Chair of Vietnam society, 17 March 2011Nguyen Van Chau, Secretary general of Vietnam society, 17 March 2011Pham Thu Hang, Secretary of Vietnam society, 21 March 2011Melba Meador, Madam of former Director of American society, 13 March 2011Eduardo Niebles, Eduardo and BST Globa, 17 March 2011David Dixon, Australia exchange training trainee, 12 March 2011Sebastian Hoek, Trainer of the FIDIC adjudicator recognition, 14 March 2011 et al.

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Even 6 months after the disaster, Japan is strongly supported by our friends around the world.

On behalf of people of Japan and members of Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers

My sincere gratitude for the heartfelt support and solidarity we have received from all of the world, FIDIC in particular.

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Experience on scarce mega-disaster- The Great East Japan Earthquake 2011- Tsunami caused by large scale Earthquake- From Natural Disaster to Man-made Disaster

Lessons learnt by scarce mega-disaster- Infrastructure (hard) system reduce damage- Infrastructure (soft) system reduce damage- Pre-arrangements for post-quake recovery works- Weak points of infra-hard-system- From natural disaster to Socioeconomic disaster

Deliver messages to the next generation

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Natural Disaster : Mega Earthquake 1Natural Disaster : Mega Earthquake 1

11 March 15:082nd shock M7.4

11 March 14:46Main shock M9.0

11 March 15:153rd shock M7.7

11 March 15:254th shock M7.5

9 March 11:45Before shock

M7.3

Eq. shock DistributionEq. shock Distribution [9 March[9 March–– 7 April, M>=5.0, Depth=07 April, M>=5.0, Depth=0--90km]90km]

Source : Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)

11 March 17:165rd shock M7.0

Scarcity II : Scarcity II : Continuous large Continuous large earthquakesearthquakesOver M>7.0 after shocksoccurred 4 times during 11 March

Magnitude (Mw) = 9.0Source Region = 500 × 200 km

ScarcityScarcity I : MegaI : Mega--scalescale

Magnitude is the fourth size after 1900all over the world.

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Natural Disaster : Mega Earthquake 2Natural Disaster : Mega Earthquake 2

Scarcity IV : Scarcity IV : Strong accelerationStrong acceleration

20 sec.

New Zealand Eq.(2010) Christchurch

Hyougoken-Nanbu Eq.(1995),Japan

Acce

lera

tion

Great East Japan Eq.(2011)20 sec.

120 sec. = 2 min.

Scarcity III : Long duration Scarcity III : Long duration Over 2 minutes

Reason 1) Plate borderline type eq.2) Consecutive earthquakes.

Eight highEight high--ranking records of ranking records of peak horizontal accelerationpeak horizontal acceleration

Unit : gal (cm/s2)

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Natural Disaster : Natural Disaster : JapanJapan ArchipelagoArchipelagoaffected by the 3.11 Mega Earthquakeaffected by the 3.11 Mega Earthquake

Diastrophism due to main shock measured by an electronic reference point system.

The area below the sea level became five times wider than before earthquake

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Natural Disaster : Mega Tsunami 1Natural Disaster : Mega Tsunami 1

Scarcity V : Scarcity V : Magnitude of TsunamiMagnitude of Tsunami

Max. inundation height = 38mMax. Run-up height = 40mFlood area by tsunami = 401 km2

First wave Max. heightSouma 11 Mar.14:55 11 Mar.15:50Ooarai 11 Mar.15:15 11 Mar.16:52Kamaishi 11 Mar.14:45 11 Mar.15:21Miyako 11 Mar.14:48 11 Mar.15:21

Attainment timeAttainment time

Note : Attainment time of the Maximum height is not equal to the first wave.

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Natural Disaster : Mega Tsunami 2Natural Disaster : Mega Tsunami 2

南三陸 Minami Sanriku

女川 Onagawa

釜石 Kamaishi

仙台空港 Sendai airport

Source : JSCE Earthquake Engineering Committee Report 2011/5

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Compound Disaster 1 : Compound Disaster 1 : From Natural Disaster to ManFrom Natural Disaster to Man--made Disastermade Disaster

Mega TsunamiMega Tsunami

Mega EarthquakeMega Earthquake

Power supply was outPower supply was out→→ No control No control →→ Hydrogen detonationHydrogen detonation

Nuclear Power Plant AccidentNuclear Power Plant Accident

Natural Natural DisasterDisaster

ManMan--made made

DisasterDisaster

Mw 9.0

Max. 40m in height

16-18 m in height

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ManMan--made Disaster : made Disaster : Japanese archipelago affected by radioactivityJapanese archipelago affected by radioactivity

Map of the Large area monitoring of radiation at 17 July 2011

Total value of density of cesium134,137 deposited at ground level at 16 July 2011.

Sendai

Hitachi

20km

30km

Fukushima nuclear power plant No.1

30 km

60 km

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Lesson 1 : InfraLesson 1 : Infra--hard system reduced damage hard system reduced damage

The improvement of a quakeThe improvement of a quake--resistant capability based on the resistant capability based on the experiences of Hyougokenexperiences of Hyougoken--Nanbu Eq.(1995)Nanbu Eq.(1995) functioned effectivelyfunctioned effectively

Collapse of Pilz type concrete bridgeHyougoken-nanbu Eq.

(M=6.9, 1995/1/17)

Repairable no-severe damageGreat East Japan Eq.(Mw=9.0)

Collapse of subway station

No-severe damage of underground structuresGreat East Japan Eq.(Mw=9.0)

Underground station

Hyougoken-nanbu Eq. (M=6.9, 1995/1/17)

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Lesson 2 : InfraLesson 2 : Infra--soft system reduced damage soft system reduced damage

Development of an emergency earthquake alert system

No derailment accident of Shinkansen

Derailment accident of ShinkansenMid Niigata Prefecture Eq.

(M = 6.6, 2004/10/23)

Great East Japan Eq.(Mw=9.0)The urgent warning system of Shinkansen operated the emergency brake nearly one minute before the mega-shake.

Total number of death and missing person of the Great East Japan Disaster was only 9% of the Sumatra tsunami disaster fortunately.

Great East Japan Earthquake.(Mw = 9.0, 2011)

Sumatra Tsunami Disaster (Mw = 9.1, 2004)

Death toll 15,726 180,423

Missing 4,593 45,771

Total 20,319 226,194

Effect of continuous disaster prevention education and disaster drill with residents participation

Tsunami Disaster Education Disaster prevention drill

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Lesson 3 : PreLesson 3 : Pre--arrangements arrangements for postfor post--quake recovery worksquake recovery works

Pre-arrangement for emergent disaster measures

disaster siteAdministrative division of the national government

Local government

Privatelocal

contractors

Local government

No-disaster areaAdministrative division of the national government

Local government

PrivateMajor/local contractors

Privateconsultants

Local government

TEC-FORCE The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportand Tourism

Agreement of disaster between The Japan Civil engineering Consultants Association and governments

Registered disaster prevention support member of Institution of Professional Engineers, Japan

TEC-FORCE : Government sideAgreement or Registered : Consultants & governmentsUrgent procurement of Disaster measures machine and equipment : Contractors & Governments

9652 teams

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Lesson 4 : Weak point of infraLesson 4 : Weak point of infra--hardhard--system system

Damage of nonstructural element of ceiling (hanging structure)

Damage of railway overhead wiring pillar of Shinkansen

Loss of function of infra-facilities due to damage of

nonstructural element

Source : JSCE Earthquake Engineering Committee Report 2011/5

Liquefaction damage in large around private building

Slope failure of the earthfill part of private housing land development

Source : JSCE Earthquake Engineering Committee Report 2011/5

Low level of earthquake-proof design in privately owned property

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Lesson 5 : Lesson 5 : Compound Disaster 2 Compound Disaster 2 From natural disaster to Socioeconomic disasterFrom natural disaster to Socioeconomic disaster

Immediately after the natural disaster

Temporary stop of urban-traffic function. Commuting is difficult.

Farm products from Fukushima and Japanese tourism industry were influenced by harmful rumor.

Under the man-made disaster

Power supply crises by nuclear power generation stop

Crises of supply chain of industry divided into worldwide local system

Toward the Socioeconomic disaster

Temporary stop of automotive society by gasoline refinement stop

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Deliver MessagesDeliver Messagesto the next generationto the next generation

Message 1 : Responsibility of Japanese EngineersOwing to the continuous efforts on the disaster prevention of both hard and soft engineering based on the experience on earthquakes and Tsunami, the dead/missing person due to the Great East Japan Earthquake was over 20,000 persons, 9% of the damage of the Sumatra earthquake in 2004.Japanese engineer's responsibility to record the information accurately obtained from the mega earthquake disaster. It was the complex disaster caused by earthquake, Tsunami and nuclear accidents. We need to deliver lessons learnt to future generations in the world.

Massage 2 : Consulting engineers' responsibilityTo maintain sustainable global economic activities and the safety of human lifeConsulting engineer should apply hard aspect of engineering, such as definite design force based on a theoretical probability analysis as well as application of the soft aspect of engineering such as scarce design force that could be foreseen using the experience and creativity.

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThe people in Japan has kept daily life in good order with dignity against the mega natural disaster

Japanese people have been exerting every effort on the emergency restoration though it may take a long period of time.We would like to thank continuous encouragement and support from friends in the world. They are the source of our strong sprit and energy .