OBJECTIVE

To determine location two titk above earth surface with angular measurement and distance. position information calculated complete if height difference between two point this known. also in use to build Bench Mark and Temporary Bench Mark for something construction project .

Instrument

*Staf: : used to determine height of points on the earth surface.

*Tape: : to measure distance between point A and point B .

*auto level: : is used to determine the difference in height between two points on earth surface.

*Tripod: : to adjust levelling instrument

PROCEDURE

1 . measuring work route must be from TBM(Temporary Bench Mark) to TBM or BM(Bench Mark) to TBM.

2 . for example the work path is as on page ( ).

3 . tools built on the L1 level position where staff can see the TBM first reading and staff at A. Take Back Sight reading (FS) in the TBM 1 and Fore Sight in A. Take the height of the TBM first reading which was written on an input of TBM signs in leveling booking form.

4 . move, and make adjustments while the device L2, L2 can be seen where the staff reading at A and in B. Take readings at A as BS readings and reading in B as a FS.

5 . move and make a temporary adjustment of the apparatus in which the L3 L3 can see reading the staff at B, C, D, E and F. B be reading the BS, in C, D and E readings Intermediate Sight (IS) and part B as a reading FS.

6 . lastly, move and make adjustments while the apparatus in L4, L4 can see where the reading of the staff at F and BM 1. F be reading reading reading BS

and BM BS 1 as reading, take a reading of the BM1 height of a sign written in BM 1.

7 . seterusnya buatkan pengiraan dengan kaedah naik turun dan kaedah tinggi garis kolimatan untuk mendapatkann bacaan aras laras . sekiranya ada selisih antara bacaan BM 1 dengan aras laras , maka pembetulan perlu dibuat .

WORK PROCEDURE

* installation of auto level.

* set the bubble

* take reading from the staf.

* student hold the staf and the readings will be taken.

BOOKING METHOD

BS IS FS RISE( + )

FALL RL COR RL REMARKS

1.100 33.448 BM 33.4480.063 1.435 0.335 33.113 +0.201 33.314

1.117 1.469 1.408 31.705 +0.401 32.1060.437 2.146 1.029 30.676 +0.602 31.2780.410 1.605 1.168 29.508 +0.803 30.3110.399 2.039 1.629 27.879 +1.003 28.8820.655 2.010 1.671 26.268 +1.204 27.4721.343 1.269 0.614 25.654 +1.404 27.058

0.895 0.448 26.102 +1.605 TBM 27.707

Height Of Collimation (HOC)

BS IS FS HOC RL CORRECTION

RL NEW

REMARKS

1.100 34.548 33.448

TBM 33.448

0.061 1.435 33.174 33.113

+0.201 33.314

1.117 1.469 32.882 31.705

0.401 32.106

0.437 2.146 31.113 30.676

0.602 31.278

0.410 1.605 29.918 29.508

+0.803 30.311

0.399 2.039 28.278 27.879

+1.003 28.882

0.655 2.010 26.923 26.268

+1.204 27.472

1.343 1.269 26.997 25.654

+1.404 27.058

0.895 26.102

+1.605 27.707 TBM 27.707

CONCLUSION

If the booking method is

INTRODUCTION

Levelling is a means by which surveyors can determine the elevation of points, using other known points as references. Levelling is perhaps the most basic of surveying operations and forms an important fundamental part of almost every surveying project.