Life Cycle: Adolescence Life Cycle: Adolescence into Adulthoodinto Adulthood

Lesson 35Lesson 35

ObjectivesObjectives Identify the physical changes that occur during Identify the physical changes that occur during

adolescenceadolescence Identify the mental, emotional and social changes that Identify the mental, emotional and social changes that

occur during adolescenceoccur during adolescence Describe the physical, mental/emotional and social Describe the physical, mental/emotional and social

transitions that occur during middle and later transitions that occur during middle and later adulthoodadulthood

Identify and analyze lifestyle behaviors that promote Identify and analyze lifestyle behaviors that promote health and prevent disease throughout the life spanhealth and prevent disease throughout the life span

Explain how dating, marriage and parenthood affect Explain how dating, marriage and parenthood affect the family and society as well as the individualthe family and society as well as the individual

AdolescenceAdolescence

Period from childhood to adulthoodPeriod from childhood to adulthood Time of many exciting changesTime of many exciting changes

Physical growthPhysical growth Voice changesVoice changes Bodies filling outBodies filling out

Fastest period of growth after infancyFastest period of growth after infancy Changes in mental/emotional and social lifeChanges in mental/emotional and social life

PubertyPuberty

Time when a person begins to develop certain Time when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her own gendertraits of adults of his or her own gender

Marks the beginning of adolescence Marks the beginning of adolescence Generally occurs between ages of 12-18Generally occurs between ages of 12-18 Hormones responsible for changesHormones responsible for changes

Testosterone in malesTestosterone in males Extrogen and progesterone in femalesExtrogen and progesterone in females

Physical Changes Physical Changes GrowthGrowth Sex characteristicsSex characteristics

Traits related to a person’s genderTraits related to a person’s gender Primary sex characteristicsPrimary sex characteristics

Related directly to the production of reproductive cellsRelated directly to the production of reproductive cells Sperm in malesSperm in males Eggs “ova” in femalesEggs “ova” in females

Secondary sex Secondary sex

characteristicscharacteristics Other changes that occur Other changes that occur

during pubertyduring puberty

Figure 20.1 page 515

Mental ChangesMental Changes

Development of the brainDevelopment of the brain By the time a person is 6, his/her brain is 95% of its adult By the time a person is 6, his/her brain is 95% of its adult

sizesize The cerebrum—the thinking part of the brain—continues to The cerebrum—the thinking part of the brain—continues to

develop in adolescencedevelop in adolescence Increases memoryIncreases memory Increases cognitionIncreases cognition

That ability to reason and think out abstract solutionsThat ability to reason and think out abstract solutions

Increased cognition allows you to anticipate Increased cognition allows you to anticipate consequences, think logically and understand consequences, think logically and understand different points of viewdifferent points of view

Figure 20.2 pg 516Figure 20.2 pg 516•Responsible for planning, strategizing and judgment

•Area undergoes a growth spurt when a child is 11-12 years old, followed by a growth period when new nerve connections from

•Connects the two sides of the brain

•Though to be involved in creativity and problem solving

•Grows and changes significantly during adolescence

•Coordinates muscles and physical movement

•Involved in the coordination of thinking processes

•Undergoes dramatic growth and change during adolescence

•Associated with emotion

•Teens use this part of the brain rather than the more analytical frontal cortex that adults use in emotional responses

Emotional ChangesEmotional Changes

Bursts of energyBursts of energy Waves of strong emotionsWaves of strong emotions

Mood swingsMood swings Intense feelingsIntense feelings Support from friends and family can give you Support from friends and family can give you

a sense of security when you need it, helping a sense of security when you need it, helping you become more confidentyou become more confident

Social ChangesSocial Changes

Need to make friends and be accepted into a Need to make friends and be accepted into a peer grouppeer group

Close friends Close friends Peer pressurePeer pressure Peers may challenge what you stand for, your Peers may challenge what you stand for, your

beliefs and valuesbeliefs and values Close friends will never ask you to go against Close friends will never ask you to go against

your valuesyour values

Developmental TasksDevelopmental Tasks Establish emotional and psychological independenceEstablish emotional and psychological independence

May move back and forth between desire for independence and the May move back and forth between desire for independence and the security of family supportsecurity of family support

Ongoing communication with parents can help teens learn the Ongoing communication with parents can help teens learn the advantages of seeking advice and feedbackadvantages of seeking advice and feedback

Develop a sense of identityDevelop a sense of identity Develop confidenceDevelop confidence Continue to develop identity, which began when you were a child and Continue to develop identity, which began when you were a child and

saw your parents as role modelssaw your parents as role models Adopt a person value systemAdopt a person value system

Begin to assess your own values when they differ from those of your Begin to assess your own values when they differ from those of your peers and otherspeers and others

Establish adult vocational goalsEstablish adult vocational goals Identify your skills and what you would like to do when you ‘grow up’Identify your skills and what you would like to do when you ‘grow up’

Develop control over behaviorDevelop control over behavior Make decisions regarding participation in risk behaviorsMake decisions regarding participation in risk behaviors Consider valuesConsider values Set short and long term goals to help you make good decisionsSet short and long term goals to help you make good decisions

Moving into AdulthoodMoving into Adulthood

Successful MarriagesSuccessful Marriages Good communicationGood communication

Share feelings Share feelings Express needs and concernsExpress needs and concerns

Emotional MaturityEmotional Maturity Ability to understand their spouse’s needsAbility to understand their spouse’s needs Consider what is best for the relationship, not always what Consider what is best for the relationship, not always what

is best for the individualis best for the individual Similar values and interestsSimilar values and interests

Share attitudes about importance of health, religion, Share attitudes about importance of health, religion, culture, family and friendshipsculture, family and friendships

Interests allowing them to spend time together can Interests allowing them to spend time together can strengthen a marriagestrengthen a marriage

Resolving ConflictsResolving Conflicts

Common issuesCommon issues Differences in spending and saving habitsDifferences in spending and saving habits Conflicting loyalties involving friends and familyConflicting loyalties involving friends and family Lack of communicationLack of communication Lack of intimacyLack of intimacy Jealously, infidelity or lack of attentionJealously, infidelity or lack of attention Decisions about having children and arranging child careDecisions about having children and arranging child care Abuse tendencies or attitudesAbuse tendencies or attitudes

Good communication can help to solve conflictsGood communication can help to solve conflicts Counseling may be necessary Counseling may be necessary

Teen MarriagesTeen Marriages

Maturity is one of the most important factors in a Maturity is one of the most important factors in a successful marriagesuccessful marriage Teens are still struggling to figure out their own identityTeens are still struggling to figure out their own identity

60% in teen marriages end in divorces60% in teen marriages end in divorces Most end in the first few yearsMost end in the first few years

Marriage may interfere with personal freedom, Marriage may interfere with personal freedom, educational and career goalseducational and career goals

Lack of life experience Lack of life experience Financial pressures strain the relationshipFinancial pressures strain the relationship

ParenthoodParenthood

After marriage many people decide to start a familyAfter marriage many people decide to start a family Have a childHave a child AdoptionAdoption Foster childrenFoster children

Raising a child is challenging and rewardingRaising a child is challenging and rewarding Serious responsibilitySerious responsibility

Provide protection, food, clothing, shelter, education and Provide protection, food, clothing, shelter, education and medical caremedical care

Provide guidance, instill values, set limits, give Provide guidance, instill values, set limits, give unconditional loveunconditional love

Middle AdulthoodMiddle Adulthood

Physical, mental, emotional and social changes Physical, mental, emotional and social changes don’t stop when adolescence endsdon’t stop when adolescence ends

Continues throughout a life spanContinues throughout a life span

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Skin loses elasticitySkin loses elasticity Functioning of body’s organs slowsFunctioning of body’s organs slows Body’s immune system become less effectiveBody’s immune system become less effective Females experience menopause Females experience menopause

Age 45-55Age 45-55 Stopping of ovulation and menstruationStopping of ovulation and menstruation Female can no longer become pregnantFemale can no longer become pregnant

Healthful behaviors, including weight management, Healthful behaviors, including weight management, nutritious eating, and physical activity makes these nutritious eating, and physical activity makes these changes less severechanges less severe

Strength training increases muscle mass, preserves Strength training increases muscle mass, preserves bone density and protects major joints from injurybone density and protects major joints from injury

Figure 20.4 pg 530Figure 20.4 pg 530

Mental TransitionMental Transition

Mental activities strengthen the brainMental activities strengthen the brain Solving puzzles, reading and playing board Solving puzzles, reading and playing board

games provide mental stimulationgames provide mental stimulation Continue learningContinue learning

Emotional TransitionsEmotional Transitions

Most people have experienced many of life’s greatest Most people have experienced many of life’s greatest joys by this pointjoys by this point ChildrenChildren Personal accomplishmentPersonal accomplishment Some disappointmentsSome disappointments

““midlife crisis”midlife crisis” Questions and concerns about whether they have met Questions and concerns about whether they have met

goals, feel loved and made a positive difference in goals, feel loved and made a positive difference in others’ livesothers’ lives

Keeping the health triangle in balance will help Keeping the health triangle in balance will help people avoid these concernspeople avoid these concerns

Social TransitionsSocial Transitions Focus on familyFocus on family Adults faced with the death of a parent and their Adults faced with the death of a parent and their

children growing up and leaving homechildren growing up and leaving home Empty-nest syndromeEmpty-nest syndrome

Feelings of sadness or loneliness that accompany children’s Feelings of sadness or loneliness that accompany children’s leaving home and entering into adulthoodleaving home and entering into adulthood

Maintaining healthy relationships with family and Maintaining healthy relationships with family and friends makes it less difficult to adjust to these friends makes it less difficult to adjust to these changeschanges

Time to apply talents and life experience to Time to apply talents and life experience to community and social programscommunity and social programs

Late AdulthoodLate Adulthood Goal is to look back at life with satisfaction and a Goal is to look back at life with satisfaction and a

sense of fulfillmentsense of fulfillment Living life with integrity increases satisfactionLiving life with integrity increases satisfaction

Making decisions with adherence to a moral codeMaking decisions with adherence to a moral code RetirementRetirement

Ability to pursue new interestsAbility to pursue new interests VolunteeringVolunteering Remaining mentally and physically active will allow older Remaining mentally and physically active will allow older

adults to enjoy their later years more than those who don’t adults to enjoy their later years more than those who don’t challenge themselveschallenge themselves

Social security and Medicare are government Social security and Medicare are government programs created to benefit older adults (over 65)programs created to benefit older adults (over 65)