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CHAPTER. Lighting Systems. 9. Instructor Name: (Your Name ). Learning Objectives. List the various lights used on a truck and indicate the location and color Describe why an incandescent light draws more current when first switched on then when the lamp is illuminated at full brilliance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Lighting Systems
Instructor Name: (Your Name)
9CHAPTER
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Learning Objectives
• List the various lights used on a truck and indicate the location and color
• Describe why an incandescent light draws more current when first switched on then when the lamp is illuminated at full brilliance
• Explain how the various types of turn signal flashers operate
• Describe the difference between separate stop/turn lamps and combination stop/turn lamps
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Learning Objectives (continued)
• Troubleshoot a rear lighting problem on a truck with combination stop/turn lamps
• Troubleshoot a trailer lighting problem• List the advantages and disadvantages of
LED lighting
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Exterior Lighting Requirements• FMVSS 108 sets the standards for all
exterior lighting• Marker Lamps – Located on the sides of a
truck or trailer• Identification Lamps – Three centered on
cab and rear of box or trailer. Identification light are sometimes referred to as three bar light.
• Clearance Lights – Located on front a rear top most corners of vehicle
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Exterior Lighting Requirements (continued)
• Tail Light – Located on the rear of the truck or trailer
• Parking Lamps – Located the front of the truck
• License Lamp– Located above the rear license plate
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Figure 9-3 Truck and trailer lighting locations.
Exterior Lighting Requirements
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Incandescent Lamp Ratings• Design Voltage – The rating by which all
other lamp characteristics are measured• Candlepower – Indicate the brightness
of the lamp• Amperage Rating – Indicates the
approximate current draw at the rated voltage
• Power Rating – Listed in watts, it is the amount of heat the lamp will dissipate
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Bayonet Type Lamp Base
Figure 9-5 Bayonets on lamp base used to retain lamp in socket and provide ground connection.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Dual Filament Bayonet Type Lamp
Figure 9-7 Dual-filament lamp; two filaments share a common ground.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Wedge-Type Lamp Base
Figure 9-6 Wedge-type lamp base.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Head Lamp Lens
Figure 9-9 Headlamp lens.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Halogen Sealed Beam Lamp
Figure 9-10 Halogen sealed beam.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Head Light Reflector Directs the Light
Figure 9-11 Headlamp reflector directs the light.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Halogen Lamp
Figure 9-12 Halogen lamp.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Composite Headlamp with Interchangeable Halogen Lamp
Figure 9-13 Composite headlamp with replaceable halogen lamp.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Handling Halogen Lamp
Figure 9-14 Handling a halogen lamp.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp
Figure 9-15 Xenon headlamp components.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
WARNING
Never add any extra electrical loads to the headlight circuit, such as driving light. The extra current may lead to headlight circuit failure.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Headlamp Switch in the Park Position
Figure 9-17 Headlamp switch in the part position.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Headlamp Switch in the On Position
Figure 9-18 Headlamp switch in the headlamp ON position.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Floor Mounted Dimmer Switch
Figure 9-19 Floor-mounted dimmer switch.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Flashers• Wired in series with turn signal lamps• Heater element heats when current flows
heating the bimetallic strip causing it to bend• Bimetallic strip bends opening the circuit in
the flasher stopping current flow to lamps• When current flow stops, heater and
bimetallic strip cools closing switch contacts and lighting lamps
• This process repeats itself up to 70 to 110 per minute
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Thermal-Type Flasher
Figure 9-20 Thermal-type flasher.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Stop Light Switch• Stop or brake lamps are located at rear of truck• Trucks with air brakes and no tractor protection
valve usually have primary and secondary circuit air pressure stop lamp switches
• Air pressure activated stop lamp switches are normally open and close at approximately 2 to 6 psi (14 to 41 kPa)
• Trucks with tractor protection usually only have one stop lamp switch located at trailer brake air supply circuit
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Tech Tip
It is important to note that left and right sides of vehicle always refers to the operators left and right when seated in the drivers seat. This is opposite of left and right when viewed facing the front of the truck.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Turn, Signal, and Stop Lamps
• Combination Stop/Turn – Rear turn signals, hazard lights, and stop lamps all use one single lamp on each side
• Separate Stop/Turn – Amber turn signal lamps that are separate, red stop lamps that are separate
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Turn Signal With Stop Light Switch Open and No-Turn Position
Figure 9-22 Turn signal with stop lamp switch open and no-turn position (off).
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Stop Lamp Switch Closed, Turn Signal Switch Off
Figure 9-23 Stop lamp switch closed, turn signal switch off, both rear combination lamps illuminate.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Turn Signal Switch in the Left Turn Position
Figure 9-24 Turn signal switch in the left turn position.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Left Turn and Stop Lamp Switch
Figure 9-25 Left turn and stop lamp circuit.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Dual Filament Bulbs and Head Light Switch in Stop Turn Light Circuit
Figure 9-26 Adding headlamp switch and dual-filament lamps to simple turn signal switch.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Open Ground Creates a Series Resistor of Dual Filament Lamp
Figure 9-27 Filaments are in series when dual-filament lamp ground circuit is open.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Current Path for Left Rear Park Light Through the Elements of the Dual
Filament Lamps
Figure 9-28 Path for current flow through left rear lamp stop/turn filament to right rear stop/turn filament with left rear ground open and park lamps on.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Open Ground in Left Hand Rear Combination Lamp Circuit
Figure 9-29 Left rear combination lamp ground open. Park lamps are on, stop lamps are on, and neither left rear filament is illuminated.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Current Path for Left Rear Brake Light Through the Elements of the
Dual Filament Lamps
Figure 9-30 Left rear combination lamp ground is open. Park lamps are off, stop lamps are on, and all running lights illuminate dimly when stop switch is closed.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
SAE J560 Trailer Plug
Figure 9-33 SAE J560 trailer electrical receptacle and plug.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
SAE J560 Wiring Standards
Figure 9-34 Trailer standard wire insulation colors.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Trailer Socket Connections
Figure 9-36 Trailer socket and trailer cord connector layout looking into the mating ends of the connectors.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Advantages of LEDs
• Longer life expectancy, up to 100,000 hours
• Less heat generated• Less susceptible to shock damage• Fast turn on time• Almost no surge current • Maintain brightness over life of bulb
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Disadvantage of LEDs
• Higher initial cost • Prone to theft• May be necessary to scrape snow and ice
from lamps in winter driving conditions due to the fact less heat is generated
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
LED Construction
Figure 9-40 LED construction; a series resistance is necessary to limit current flow through the LED.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Tech Tip
Luggage compartment lamps are often overlooked in the search of parasitic key-off load currents because there are no windows in the luggage compartment to determine if the luggage lamps are shutting off when the luggage doors are closed.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Instrument Panel Illumination
Figure 9-42 Instrument panel illumination.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary• Truck lighting is subject to FMVSS 108 and
CMVSS 108 and other government requirements. It is important to perform lighting repairs so that the truck does not violate the various lighting requirements.
• Incandescent lamps are lamps that contain a thin piece of wire such as tungsten. The sealed glass container does not contain oxygen, which permits the element to glow white hot (incandesce) without being consumed.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary (continued)
• Dual filament lamps contain two filaments in one lamp globe. The two filaments share a common ground but have separate voltage sources for each filament. Dual filament lamps are commonly used for turn signals and tail lamps, permitting one lamp to perform two or more functions.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary (continued)
• The resistance of an incandescent lamp increases significantly as the element is heated due to current flow. This causes a surge current to flow when the lamp is first illuminated. The surge current of a typical incandescent lamp may be 10 times or more than the current draw with the lamp at operating temperature.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary (continued)
• Trucks and trailers may have combination stop/turn lamps or separate stop/turn lamps.
• Trucks with combination stop/turn lamps can exhibit some seemly strange behavior when a ground for a dual filament lamp is open. Other failures such as filaments that are shorted together can also cause problems that seem to be difficult to diagnose.
Copyright © 2014 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Summary (continued)• Trailers receive voltage for lighting from the
tractor through a seven way trailer socket. This socket is standardized in North America and other parts of the world.
• Trailer sockets that are green and marked with the abbreviation ABS indicates that the center pin circuit is powered anytime the truck ignition is active. This center pin is used to supply the trailer ABS control module.
• LED lighting has several advantage over incandescent lights, such as long life. Disadvantages of LED lighting include high initial cost.