Linux Essentials

Chapter 4:Using Common Linux Programs

Chapter 4 Outline Using a Linux desktop environment Working with productivity software Using server programs Managing programming languages

Using a Linux Desktop Environment

Choosing a Desktop Environment KDE GNOME LXDE Unity Xfce Roll-your-own

Selecting a Desktop Environment at Login Time

Using a Linux Desktop Environment

Choosing a Desktop Environment

Launching Programs Desktop menus Desktop icons Panels Context menus Searching for programs Terminals

Launching a Program in GNOME

Launching a Program in KDE

Using a Linux Desktop Environment

Choosing a Desktop Environment

Launching Programs

Using a File Manager

Using a File Manager

Using a File Manager(continued)

Using a File Manager(continued)

Working with Productivity Software

Finding the Right Tool for the Job Using desktop menus Using search features Using tables of equivalents Using others’ expertise

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the Job

Using a Web Browser Chrome Firefox Galeon Konqueror Lynx Opera

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the Job

Using a Web Browser

Using E-Mail Clients Evolution KMail mutt Thunderbird

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the Job

Using a Web Browser

Using E-Mail Clients

Using Office Tools GNOME Office KOffice LibreOffice OpenOffice.org

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the JobUsing a Web BrowserUsing E-Mail ClientsUsing Multimedia Applications Audacity Blender The GIMP ImageMagick HandBrake MythTV

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the JobUsing a Web BrowserUsing E-Mail ClientsUsing Multimedia ApplicationsUsing Linux for Cloud Computing Dropbox Google Apps Microsoft Office Web Apps Web-based e-mail

Working with Productivity Software(continued)

Finding the Right Tool for the JobUsing a Web BrowserUsing E-Mail ClientsUsing Multimedia ApplicationsUsing Linux for Cloud ComputingUsing Mobile Applications

Using Server Programs

Identifying Common Server Protocols and Programs Protocols Ports /etc/services

Common Network Ports

Purpose Example Linux Servers

20 TCP

21 TCP FTP22 TCP Secure Shell (SSH)23 TCP Telnet in.telnetd25 TCP Sendmail, Postfix, Exim, qmail

53

67 UDP

80 TCP

110 TCP

119 TCP InterNetNews (INN), Diablo, Leafnode

Port Number

TCP or UDP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) data

ProFTPd, vsftpd

ProFTPd, vsftpdOpenSSH, Dropbear

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

TCP and UDP

Domain Name System (DNS)

Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND; a.k.a. named), djbdns

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Internet Software Consortium (ISC) DHCP (dhcpd)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Apache, Roxen, thttpd

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP-3)

Dovecot, Qpopper, popa3d

Network News Transfer Protocol (NTTP)

Common Network Ports(continued)

Purpose Example Linux Servers

111 NFS, NIS, other RPC-based services

113 TCP identd139 TCP Samba

143 TCP

161 UDP Net-SNMP

177 UDP XDMCP XDM, KDM, GDM389 TCP LDAP443 TCP

445 TCP Samba

Port Number

TCP or UDPTCP and UDP

Portmapper

auth/identNetBIOS Session (Windows file sharing)Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

Dovecot, Cyrus IMAP, UW-IMAP

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

OpenLDAPHTTP over SSL (HTTPS)

Apache, Roxen

Microsoft Directory Services (DS)

Common Network Ports(continued)

Purpose Example Linux Servers

465 TCP

631 TCP Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

993 TCP IMAP over SSL Dovecot, Cyrus IMAP, UW-IMAP995 TCP POP-3 over SSL5900 TCP

TCP

Port Number

TCP or UDP

SMTP over SSL; or URL Rendezvous Directory (URD)1

Sendmail, Postfix, Exim, qmail; or network routers

Internet Printing Protocol

Dovecot, Qpopper, popa3dRemote Framebuffer (RFB)

Virtual Network Computing (VNC): OpenVNC, TightVNC

6000–6007

The X Window System (X)

X.org-X11, XFree86

Using Server Programs(continued)

Identifying Common Server Protocols and Programs

Installing and Launching Servers Daemons Super Servers

Using Server Programs(continued)

Identifying Common Server Protocols and Programs

Installing and Launching Servers

Securing Servers

Managing Programming Languages

Choosing a Compiled vs. an Interpreted Language Compiled languages Interpreted languages Assembly language

Managing Programming Languages(continued)

Choosing a Compiled vs. an Interpreted Language

Identifying Common Programming Languages Assembly C C++ Java Perl PHP Python Shell Scripting