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8/14/2019 Linux Overview Slides
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LINUX OPERATINGSYSTEM
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Linux is a free UNIX work
alike operating system. It comes
with full source code and oodles
of UNIX freeware including the
GNU C (and C++) compiler,Perl and Tcl / Tk.
INTRODUCTION:
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Linux runs on a variety ofcomputer architectures,
including ARM, SPARC, Alpha,
PowerPC, M68k, MIPS, andIntel.
Linux is free on the Internet andyou can purchase CD-ROMs
with Linux for about US$30-$50.
INTRODUCTION:
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Major companies are now
endorsing Linux as a platformfor their wares, including IBM,
Hewlett-Packard, Silicon
Graphics, Oracle, Informix,
and Sybase.
INTRODUCTION:
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Linux is an ideal platform for
many potential users:With Linux, you can turn
your PC into a UNIX
workstation
INTRODUCTION:
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Users - who want to learn more about the UNIX
operating system and the X Window System.
Internet surfers - who want a powerful platform for
cruising the Internet. System administrators - who want an alternative to
expensive Windows systems and licensing issues.
Programmers - who want a cheap home or small-
business platform for developing software that can
be used on other, more powerful UNIX systems.
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HISTORY OF LINUX:Linux was created as an offshoot of Unix. It has
more similarities to Unix than to any operatingsystems.
As an operating system, Unix continues to be
widely used in commercial environment, as well asin the educational world, although it is also often
found running on todays client server intranet
networks too.
While versions of Unix have long been available
for PCs, they never had the grace or power of the
operating system available for minicomputers,
mainframes and todays server.
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In additional, the early commercial versions
of Unix were costly, sometimes coating more
than the PC hardware they were destined to\
run onThis lack of accessibility ultimately gave
birth day to Linux as a means to make an
Unix-like operating system available on awidespread basis.
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Evolution of Linux
Richard Stallmand and the free software
Foundation (FSF) began work on this
alternative operative system in the mid-1980s.By the end of that decade, they had developed
functional alternatives to every major Unix
component except the kernel.Linux Torvalds at the university of Helsinki in
Finland developed the original Linux Kernel
in 1991.
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In March 1992, version 1.0 of the kernel came
into being, marking the first officially release
of Linux. At this point, Linux ran most of thecommon Unix tools from compilers to
networking software to X Windows.
Linux continues to evolve as the pre-eminent
Unix-clone operating system for PCs.
Hardware support is now board, including
the most popular and common peripherals;
performance is strong, giving many pcspower comparable to that of mind range
workstations such as Sun Microsystems
SPARC systems.
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Linux is even now ported to the
PowerPC and Compaq alpha platforms,
among others. Although technically
todays Linux is not Unix because it fails
to quality for the brand name, Linux is
functionally equivalent to Unix almost
every important way.
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Linux is
A Multi-user Operating SystemA Multitasking Operating System
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Linux ApplicationAs an operating system, Linux can be used to
develop almost any type of application. Amongthe applications available for Linux are the
following:
Text and word processing applicatiProgramming languagesX Windows
Internet toolsDatabaseWindows & DOS Compatible SoftwareLinux as free software
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Text and word processing
application:Linux offers powerful tools for editing text
files and processing text in an automated
fashion.
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Programming languages:
A wide variety of programming and
scripting languages and tools are available
for Linux and all Unix operating systems.This abundance of programming tools
makes it easy to develop new applications
that can run not only on Linux but also onmost Unix and Unix like operating systems.
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X Windows:
X windows is Unixs answer to the
graphically user interface. X windows is a
highly flexible and configurable GUIenvironment that runs on Linux as well as
on most Unix systems. Numerous
applications that run in X windows help tomake Linux an easy to use operating
systems.
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Internet tools:
In addition to supporting well known
software such as Netscape and mosaic,
Linux provide a wide range of internetsoftware, including character based and
graphical mail-reading applications, the
full range of software needed to create
internet serves, plus complete network
support to connect to the internet via a
local network or modem.
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Database:
Linux provides a robust platform for
running client server database
applications. Today, oracle, Sybase andinformation all offer relational database
products for Linux.
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Windows and DOS
compatibility software:Linux can be made to run DOS software
with a high degree of stability and
compatibility and offers several approaches
to running windows software.
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Linux as free software:
Linux kernel and most of the applications
written for Linux are available for free on the
Internet, often with no restriction on the
copying and redistribution of the software. to
begin with, the Linux kernel is distributed
under the GNU General Public License. This
special software license, developed by stallmans free software foundation, promotes the
open distribution and more importantly open
development of software.
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LINUX FEATURES:Version 7.1 of Red hat Linux offers several new
features not found in earlier versions and stillnot found in all distribution of Linux. These
features include the following:
The 2.4 Linux KernelIntegrated PC hardware supportA diversity of platformsSupport for smaller devicesNew configuration toolsImproved X window systemsImprove performance Features
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Few limits:
The new kernel now supports a large
amount of RAM (64 Gb), virtually
unlimited multitasking and the ability tocreate a single volume over multiple disks
for every large file.
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LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS
A number of organizations, somecommercial and some volunteer,
collect together versions of all these
programs with the Linux kernel,
test that everything works together,
and then release a what is called adistribution of Linux.
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LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS
Most distributions are more or lessequal. The main differences lie in
platform support, administration,
and installation. For example, the
PowerPC distribution, as you'd
guess, focuses on Linux forPowerPC platforms.
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The main Linux distributions include:
DebianKondaraMNU/LinuxLinux Mandrake
LinuxPPCRedHatSlackware
StampedeSuSETurboLinuxMostly Linux
http://www.debian.org/http://www.kondara.org/http://www.kondara.org/http://www.linux-mandrake.com/http://www.linuxppc.com/http://www.redhat.com/http://www.slackware.com/http://www.stampede.org/http://www.suse.com/http://www.turbolinux.com/http://www.turbolinux.com/http://www.suse.com/http://www.stampede.org/http://www.slackware.com/http://www.redhat.com/http://www.linuxppc.com/http://www.linux-mandrake.com/http://www.kondara.org/http://www.kondara.org/http://www.debian.org/8/14/2019 Linux Overview Slides
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HARDWARE SUPPORT
Linux runs on a number of hardwarearchitectures. By far the main platform,
though, is Intel systems. Linux supports
most Intel PC hardware. Linux supports a wide variety of older
hardware and can run fine on 386s and
486s you may have lying around. Linux runs fine on laptops.
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HARDWARE SUPPORT
Most Linux systems run Intel-compatible
chips, as Linux grew out of the PC arena.
Linux runs on a number of other
architectures, though, including Alpha,
MIPS, and SPARC from the traditional
UNIX RISC realm.So, there's a lot of support for Linux in
the non-Pentium world.
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LINUX SOFTWARE
Linux includes most standard UNIX,
networking, and X Window
applications in most distributions.In addition, more and more
commercial software vendors are
supporting Linux.
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OFFICE SOFTWARE FOR LINUX
In general, there's a lot moresoftware available for Windows than
Linux, particularly in the area of
office productivity software. Even so,
you can get a number of packages for
Linux, including:
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OFFICE SOFTWARE FOR LINUX
OpenOffice,org (open-source StarOffice)
StarOfficeApplixWareCorel WordPerfect Office 2000
AbiWord open source word processor very
much like Microsoft Word.Siag Office, it sucks less.KDE KOfficeMaxwell word processorFreshmeat List of Office Applications
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Desktop Applications
Use Application
Text editor nedit
Text editor emacs
Word Processor AbiWord
Office Suite OpenOffice.orgEmail (text only) elm
Email (graphical) Ratatosk
Web browser Mozilla
http://nedit.org/http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/info/info/emacshttp://www.abisource.com/http://www.openoffice.org/http://www.openoffice.org/http://www.tkrat.org/http://www.mozilla.org/http://www.mozilla.org/http://www.tkrat.org/http://www.openoffice.org/http://www.openoffice.org/http://www.abisource.com/http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/htbin/info/info/emacshttp://nedit.org/8/14/2019 Linux Overview Slides
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WINDOWS APPLICATION LINUX: WINE
WINE is a Windows applicationexecution environment that runs under
Linux on Intel systems. With WINE, you
can run many Windows applications,sort of like Sun's older WABI package,
or Insignia's Soft PC. WINE, though, is
free.The current status of WINE is available
on the Web, along with a list of Windows
applications and how well they work.
H d R i t
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Hardware Requirement
For an ideal Linux based PC your computer must have
the following :
An IBM Compatible PC with minimum 80386.
80486 is better.
Any processor from Intel, Sparc , Alpha or AMDMinimum 128 MB RAM
Minimum 2 GB free hard disk space
Input devices such as keyboard, mouse etc.
Controller cards such as SCSI, IDE, etc
A Network card such as ISA, PCI, re USB etc.
Sound card compatibility to Linux
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Software Requirements
A partitioning program such as
fdisk or disk druid supplied by Red
HatLinux Software package
Linux Directories
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Linux Directories
Root(/)
/bin - Contains Exe files/dev Contains Special device files/etc Contains all the systems wide
config. information as text file
/kernel Contains kernel specific code/lib Contains the library file/mnt Contains device(except harddisk)
mounting files/tmp Contains temporary files/usr Contains the home directories ofthe users, source text for the online
manual pages.
St F I t ll ti Li
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Steps For Installation LinuxInsert the CD in a M/c With new Hard disk
Start the system
Select the mode (Graphics)
Create the different partitionRoot ( Preferebly 2GB)
Boot (64 to 128 MB)
Swap ( Double of RAM)
Format the partition
Select LILO for dual booting
Select MBR for dual booting
Provide the network address
Select the appropriate firewall
Set language & time format
Set administrator password
Select encryption method
Install the required packages
Reboot the systems
M d f Li ti
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Mode of Linux operation
Text modeGraphics mode
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Switching between different mode
CTRL+ALT+F1- F6
CTRL+ALT+F7
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Commands of Linux
dir
cat cp
rm
mkdir
chdir rmdir
ls
vi
chmod