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Preliminary design of locks
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Lock / Sluice EcluzLock / Sluice= connection between two zones of a fluid or two different fluids
Ecluz
navigation lock: hydraulic structure for raising and lowering ships between stretches of water of different levels
Principle scheme:h b ith i bl l l chamber with variable level
lock ends/heads pools
= sas
= porturi de ateptare pools system for filling-emptying
= porturi de ateptare
Lockst l downstream pool
upstreamhead chamber
downstreamheadupstream pool downstream poolhead
mooring structure
chamber head
guidingstructure
chamber wallupstream gate downstream gate
chamber floor
panama htmlpanama.html
(Waiting) Pools(Waiting) PoolsAllow the ship/convoy to wait for allowance of entryStructure: reinforced concrete walls pile planking wallsStructure: reinforced concrete walls, pile planking walls,
piles, othersRole of the guard wall / guidance structures: directingRole of the guard wall / guidance structures: directing
the ship at entrance mechanical: action reaction optical: (land)mark for steersman
Porturi de a teptare - Volkerak - Olanda
Guiding structures The NetherlandsGuiding structures The Netherlands
Guiding structures Th N th l dGuiding structures The Netherlands
Structuri de ghidaj - Agigea
Structuri de ghidaj - Ovidiu
Structuri de ghidaj Dietfurt / Germania
Porile de Fier IPorile de Fier I
Systems for filling-emptyingSystems for filling emptying
= complex of hydraulic circuits and auxiliary= complex of hydraulic circuits and auxiliary installations to control the water level in the chamber in any moment of operationchamber in any moment of operation
through the upstream end (galleries id th t )concentrated
inletaside the gates)
through/under/above gate
distributed longitudinal galleries through walls
longitudinal galleries through floor
longitudinal galleries through walls andlongitudinal galleries through walls and transversal galleries through floor
Systems for filling-emptyingfilling-emptying
Sisteme de alimentare-golire / PF ISisteme de alimentare golire / PF I
Eibach locki b isaving basins
Ecluza Schwanstetten- bazine economizoare
Emdem Germany 1920
Structural systemsStructural systems
vat tubvat, tub
cuv
independentwallswalls
Dry dock Constana shipyard
Sisteme constructive
Sisteme constructive
Ecluza pe Canal Midi - 1667-1681
Staircase locksStaircase locksEcluze n trepte
C l Midipe Canal Midi1667-1681
StructureStructureComputation problems loads o own weight + useful parts (gates, equipments, others)
o water (hydrostatic inside & outside, hydrodynamic)o earth pressurepo ice thrust [pressure] (on walls and gates)o ship action (impact, traction in bollards)o thermal loads (erection operation)o thermal loads (erection, operation)o water pressure in fissures / crackso earthquake
combinations o operation (water in chamber at minimum/maximum level)
o repairs inside (empty chamber)o repairs inside (empty chamber)o repairs outside (full chamber)
Structure designStructure design
Determining sizesDetermining sizes functional structural
how wide, tall, capacity, etc.
l t bilit ( t t structural o general stability (structure + foundation)
o stability of structure on groundy go stability of elements = strength
Functional designFunctional designDetermining sizes ship length: L = 13 + N m
width: Bs = 8 + 0.05N m
navigation
draught T = 2.5 m
water depth h = T + ri
pescaj
g ir1= dynamic sinking = 0.2 m
r2= safety reserve = 0 4 mr2 safety reserve 0.4 m
r3= waves reserve = 0.2 m
f d di i r1= afundare dinamicr2= rezerv de siguran = 0,4 m la structuri de betonr3= rezerv de valuri
Functional designFunctional designDetermining sizes chamber width: devices for shock absorption
width reserve
B = (1.08...1,10) BsH = h + R + guard R = rise = cdere
R = difference between highest upstream level and
channel
lowest downstream levelguard = (nlime de) gard
highest upstream level = 12 + 1 1N (m) channel highest upstream level = 12 + 1.1N (m)lowest downstream level = N (m)
Soil characteristicsSoil characteristics
Characteristics Layer 1 Layer 2 thickness (m) 9 30 material sand + gravel sandy claydensity (t/m3) 1.80 1.85
internal friction 30 17
Underground water levelg
Static analysis using Finite Element Method
repairs inside
operationoperation
(other) Loads(other) Loadso own weight
A ship's displacement or displacement tonnage, a term usually
li d l t l l i thMP,DENS,1,value
ACEL,,9.81
applied only to naval vessels, is the weight of the water that a ship displaces when it is floating. The term is defined ordinarily such that the ship's fuel tanks ,,
o ship loads shock Ni = 0.9 x W2/3 (kN)
y pare full and all stores are aboard
W Bs T L w= deplasamentwhere W = displacement of ship (to)
traction of bollardsShip displacement (tdw) Rope traction (kN)Shipdisplacement(tdw) Ropetraction(kN)
100 50110 500 100
510 1000 1501100 2000 2002100 5000 250
Concentrated loads
shock 1 m above maximum water level
traction at maximum water level