LondonLondon

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GeographyGeography LondonLondon is the largest  is the largest urban areaurban area and capital city of the  and capital city of the UnitedUnited

KingdomKingdom. . Greater LondonGreater London covered an area of 1,579 square  covered an area of 1,579 square kilometres (610 sq mi), an area which had a population of kilometres (610 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre. A larger area, referred to as the London per square kilometre. A larger area, referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covered an area of 8,382 square kilometres Agglomeration covered an area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) had a population of 12,653,500 and a population (3,236 sq mi) had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre.density of 1,510 people per square kilometre. London is London is a a portport on the  on the ThamesThames (see main article  (see main article Port of LondonPort of London navigable river. The river has had a major influence on the navigable river. The river has had a major influence on the development of the city. London began on the Thames' north development of the city. London began on the Thames' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames. For many centuries on the north side of the Thames. For many centuries London London BridgeBridge was the only bridge in or close to the city. When more  was the only bridge in or close to the city. When more bridges were built in the 18th century, the city expanded in all bridges were built in the 18th century, the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth. presented no obstacle to growth.

Leisure timeLeisure time Within the Within the City of WestminsterCity of Westminster, the entertainment , the entertainment

district of the district of the West end West end has its focus around has its focus around LeicesterLeicester SquareSquare,, where London and world film where London and world film premierespremieres are  are held, andheld, and Piccadilly Circus Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic , with its giant electronic advertisements. London's advertisements. London's theatretheatre district is here, as  district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city'sincluding the city's Chinatown Chinatown district district inin Soho Soho,and,and just to the east is just to the east is Covent GardenCovent Garden, an area , an area housing housing speciality shopsspeciality shops.. The United The United Kingdom's Kingdom's Royal BalletRoyal Ballet, , English NationalEnglish National BalletBallet, , Royal OperaRoyal Opera and  and English National OperaEnglish National Opera are  are based in London and perform at the based in London and perform at the Royal Opera Royal Opera HouseHouse, the , the London ColiseumLondon Coliseum, , Sadler's Wells Sadler's Wells TheatreTheatre and the  and the Royal Albert HallRoyal Albert Hall as well as touring  as well as touring the country. the country.

Piccadilly CircusPiccadilly Circus

The Royal Albert Hall hosts concerts and The Royal Albert Hall hosts concerts and musical eventsmusical events

ArtsArts London is London is homo to many museumshomo to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of , galleries, and other institutions, many of

which are free of admission charges and are major which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractionstourist attractions as well  as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British MuseumMuseum in  in BloomsburyBloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural , in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National GalleryNational Gallery was founded  was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar SquareTrafalgar Square. In the latter half of the . In the latter half of the nineteenth century the locale of nineteenth century the locale of South KensingtonSouth Kensington   was developed as was developed as ““AlpertopolisAlpertopolis", a cultural and scientific quarter. Three major national ", a cultural and scientific quarter. Three major national museums are located there: the museums are located there: the Victoria and Albert MuseumVictoria and Albert Museum (for the  (for the appliedapplied artsarts), the ), the Natural History MuseumNatural History Museum and the  and the Science MuseumScience Museum. The national . The national gallery of British art is at gallery of British art is at Tate BritainTate Britain, originally established as an annexe of , originally established as an annexe of the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved to to Tate ModernTate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former , a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Bankside Power StationStation. .

The British MuseumThe British Museum

EducationEducation London is a major centre of higher education teaching and research and its London is a major centre of higher education teaching and research and its

43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2008/09 it had a higher education student population of around Europe. In 2008/09 it had a higher education student population of around 412,000 (approximately 17 per cent of the UK total), of whom around 412,000 (approximately 17 per cent of the UK total), of whom around 287,000 were registered for undergraduate degrees and 118,000 were 287,000 were registered for undergraduate degrees and 118,000 were studying at postgraduate level. In 2008/09 there were around 97,150 studying at postgraduate level. In 2008/09 there were around 97,150 international students in London, approximately 25 per cent of all international students in London, approximately 25 per cent of all international students in the UK. international students in the UK. A number of world-leading education A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2011 QS World University institutions are based in London. In the 2011 QS World University Rankings Imperial College London is ranked 6th, University College Rankings Imperial College London is ranked 6th, University College London (UCL) 7th and King's College London 27th in the world. With London (UCL) 7th and King's College London 27th in the world. With 125,000 students, the federal University of London is the largest contact 125,000 students, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in Europe. Also, The majority of primary and teaching university in Europe. Also, The majority of primary and secondary schools in London are state schools and are controlled by the secondary schools in London are state schools and are controlled by the London boroughs, although there are also a number of private schools in London boroughs, although there are also a number of private schools in London, including old and famous schools such as the City of London London, including old and famous schools such as the City of London School, Harrow, St Paul's School, University College School, Highgate School, Harrow, St Paul's School, University College School, Highgate School and Westminster School.School and Westminster School.

University College LondonUniversity College London is part of  is part of the the University of LondonUniversity of London

Royal College of MusicRoyal College of Music

SportsSports London has hosted the London has hosted the Summer Olympics Summer Olympics twice, twice,

in in 19081908 and  and 19481948. In July 2005 London was chosen to host the . In July 2005 London was chosen to host the Olympic and Olympic and Paralympic Paralympic Games in Games in 20122012, which will make it , which will make it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times. London was also the host of the times. London was also the host of the British EmpireBritish Empire GamesGames in  in 19341934. London will host the. London will host the 2017 World 2017 World Championships in Athletics.Championships in Athletics. London's most popular sport  London's most popular sport is is footballfootball and it has  and it has From 1924, the original Wembley From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team, Stadium was the home of the English national football team, and served as the venue for the FA Cup final as well as rugby and served as the venue for the FA Cup final as well as rugby league's Challenge Cup final. The new Wembley Stadium league's Challenge Cup final. The new Wembley Stadium serves exactly the same purposes and has a capacity of 90,000. serves exactly the same purposes and has a capacity of 90,000. Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 84,000 now that rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 84,000 now that the new south stand has been completed.the new south stand has been completed.

Centre CourtCentre Court at the  at the All England ClubAll England Club hosting  hosting

a a 2010 Wimbledon2010 Wimbledon  Championships Championships matchmatch

Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium viewed fromviewed from Wembley WayWembley Way

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