LONG TERM CAUSES OF THE

FRENCH REVOLUTION

SOCIALPOLIT

ICAL

INTELLECTUAL ECONOMIC

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

GROWTH OF INDUSTRY AND THE RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS

GROWING BURDEN OF FEUDAL DUES

INCREASING POVERTY

GROWING GOVERNMENT DEBT

ATTEMPT TO TAX NOBLES

TAX BURDEN ON THE THIRD ESTATE

GROWTH OF NEW IDEAS E.G. EVERYONE IS BORN EQUAL

THE INFLUENCE OF AMERICA

The First Estate

Consisted of Roman Catholic Clergy

The Second EstateConsisted of Nobles, 2% of population, owned 20% of the land

The Third Estate

The Third Estate Included:1) Bourgeoisie-wealthy merchants &

skilled workers2) City Workers –poorly paid servants 3) Peasants – 80% of the population were

farmers

They had little rights & paid half of their income in taxes

RESULTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION1. Feudalism was abolished2. Nobles and clergy lost special privileges 3. Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood 4. Declaration of the Rights of Man – all are equal5. National Assembly 6. Church cannot levy tax on crops, lost privileges

for clergy, church property was confiscated7. Constitution of 1791 – Constitutional Monarchy

CAUSES OF THE HAITIAN

REVOLUTION

POLITICAL SOCIAL

ECONOMICINTELLECTUAL

FRANCE’S MOST PROFITABLE COLONYEXPORTING SUGAR AND COFFEE

DEMAND FOR SLAVES NEEDED FOR $$ TO FRANCE

RACIST SOCIETY Whites – Blancs – own propertyPetit Blancs – merchantsGens de couleur – light & dark skinned blacks – can’t own property or vote

Slaves

Conflict within each group

INFLUENCED BY THE ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS

DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN & THE CITIZEN

FR. NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY GIVE GENS DE COULEUR LIBRES RIGHT TO VOTE –WHITES RESIST

FRENCH REVOLUTION

RESULTS OF HAITIAN REVOLUTION

1. L’Ouverture – autonomous government –Free from French rule

2. Independent Republic of Haiti3. Slavery abolished 4. 1st postcolonial sovereign nation in Latin

America5. Won a successful revolution against a

European Empire6. First postcolonial black-led nation in the

world

CAUSES OF THE VENEZUELAN REVOLUTION

SOCIAL

POLITICAL

ECONOM

IC

Peninsulares had most wealth, education & status

Creoles resent second-class status

Mestizos & Mulattoes denied status, wealth, & power available to whites

Enslaved Africans want freedom

INTELLECTUAL

Spread of Enlightenment ideas

Success of American & French Revolutions & Haiti

Growth of Nationalism

Strong leaders call for independence –Simon Bolivar who studied American system of Government

Mercantilism

Discontent with Imperial Order - Spain

Unequal distribution of wealth among classes

SOCIAL CLASSES IN VENEZUELA

PENINSULARES

CREOLES

MESTIZOS / MULATTOES

AFRICAN / NATIVES

Born in Spain or Portugal, held highest offices, military and political positions

Spaniards born in Latin American colonies, officers in army, not government, controlled much of the land and businesses – resent the peninsulares

Majority of society, mixed European & Indian. Worked as servants, farmhands

Mulatto-European and African mixed ancestry. Lowest society group and the largest. Not known as citizens but were the laborers

RESULTS OF VENEZULEAN REVOLUTION1. 1811 Venezuela Proclaimed independence & was

liberated in 1819.2. Framed Republican Constitution3. Abolished Indian tribute & special privileges4. Whites retain their privileges, creoles have

greater political & economic power than mestizos5. Retained black slavery 6. Did not provide full citizenship for mulatto

population7. Venezuela was free from Spanish dominance and

mercantilist restrictions

POLITICAL SOCIAL

INTELLECTUAL ECONOMIC

Higher Population

End of Feudalism

Agricultural Revolution frees people from the soil

Capital for investment

Inventions of Scientific Revolution – New Technology

Colonial Trade Networks

Location of natural resources

Culture of hard work

Taking risks

Mobile society

Stable GovernmentGov. Supported Economic growth

Strong Navy to protect its empire

Free from consequences of war which countries of Europe were involved in

RESULTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION1. Expansion of World Trade2. Factory System3. Mass Production of goods - = increased production4. Industrial capitalism5. Increased standard of living along with unemployment6. Development & growth of cities, 7. Population increases8. Improved status for women9. Rise of nationalism and imperialism10. Science and research stimulated11. Down side-economic insecurity, increased deadliness of

war, urban slum, pollution