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Long Term OperationLong Term Operationof Concrete InfrastructuresA joint-effort by EDF & EPRI
Y. LePape EDF Inc.J. Wall EPRIJ. Salin EDF R&D
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRILB60 - Washington DC Feb. 22-24 2011
OUTLINE
• Does concrete matter?• Aging Management IssuesAging Management Issues• R&D Joint Programs• ConclusionsConclusions
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRILB60 - Washington DC Feb. 22-24 2011
cement aggregates water concrete
A CONCRETE LIFE: GROWING UP AND GETTING OLD...
Initialmixture
hydration (chemical/physical process) with heat release
setting hardening
physical propertiesthermal conductivitydiffusion...
hours months
atio
nol
d
years
upscaling
mechanical propertieselasticity, strength, creep...
solid
perc
ola
thre
sho
i ( bi t l di i t l tt k )
morphological changes
aging (ambient exposure, loading, internal attack...)
decades
aggressive species diffusion dissolution (microscale) ki ( / i l )
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
aggressive species diffusioninternal pressure cracking (meso/microscale)
Concrete infrastructures may not last forever!
Ferrybridge, 1965
Minneapolis, 2007
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
OUTLINE
• Does concrete matter?• Aging Management IssuesAging Management Issues• R&D Joint Programs• ConclusionsConclusions
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRILB60 - Washington DC Feb. 22-24 2011
Civil Structures of Interest
1 – Cooling Towers
2 – Containments2 Unit Nuclear Plant (PWRs) 3 – Spent Fuel
Pools/Transfer Canal
4 - Buried (Prestressed)11
4 Buried (Prestressed) Concrete Pipe
5 – Intake Structure245
12
245
12
3
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Degradation Causes of Interest for LTO
A NON RANKED LIST
• Chronic radiation exposure (biological shielding and RPV supports)
• Chronic exposure to high temperature (containment near steam generators and steam penetrations)
Chloride attack and re bar corrosion (generic throughout plant)• Chloride attack and re-bar corrosion (generic – throughout plant)
• Boric acid leaching of concrete and attack of rebar (spent fuel pools, transfer canals)
• Corrosive soil attack (foundations, buried pipes, raft)
• Effects of concrete damage on post-tensioning system integrity (containment)
• Creep (containment)
• Internal swelling (ASR, DEF... massive structures)
11
• .........
OUTLINE
• Does concrete matter?• Aging Management IssuesAging Management Issues• R&D Joint Programs• ConclusionsConclusions
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRILB60 - Washington DC Feb. 22-24 2011
EPRI & EDF Strategy2011+20102009 2011+20102009
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE LTO TOOLBOX PLATFORM(Continuously Updated, Available to Utilities)
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (400K) - structural & materials modeling
EDF Reference Manual Input
COMPILATION OF DATA AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES
PILOT PROJECT 1 – Leaking Spent Fuel Pools
AGING CONCRETE STRUCTURESREFERENCE MANUALOperational IssuesAging Mechanisms
Basic mechanismsDetection/characterization/NDE
RADIATION DAMAGE
CHLORIDE ATTACKDetection/characterization/NDEModeling
AGING ISSUES MATRIX
TENDON MONITORING
PILOT PROJECT ‘n’ (TBD)
EPRI LTO/TI Funded MAI Funded
ADVANCED NDE FOR CONCRETE
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Funding to be designated (EPRI/DOE/MAI/Utilities)
DOE Funded (Project approved but funding not committed yet)
EPRI & EDF Strategy: Aging Issue Matrix
2011+20102009 2011+20102009
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE LTO TOOLBOX PLATFORM(Continuously Updated, Available to Utilities)
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (400K) - structural & materials modeling
EDF Reference Manual Input
COMPILATION OF DATA AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES
PILOT PROJECT 1 – Leaking Spent Fuel Pools
RADIATION DAMAGE
CHLORIDE ATTACK
AGING CONCRETE STRUCTURESREFERENCE MANUALOperational IssuesAging Mechanisms
Basic mechanismsDetection/characterization/NDE
TENDON MONITORING
PILOT PROJECT ‘n’ (TBD)
Detection/characterization/NDEModeling
AGING ISSUES MATRIX
EPRI LTO/TI Funded MAI Funded
ADVANCED NDE FOR CONCRETE
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Funding to be designated (EPRI/DOE/MAI/Utilities)
DOE Funded (Project approved but funding not committed yet)
Ranking Priorities and Gaps Identificationbasic detection and characterization
bilit
ybasic
mechanismdetection andsimple model
characterizationand refined model
? boric
scep
tib
LTO
?creep
FR NPPDEF
acidattack
TENTATIVE ONLY!
ure
sus
e’hl id
TENTATIVE ONLY!On-going parallel projects
stru
ctu
nten
anceradiation
damage
creepUS NPP
chlorideattackEPRI/MAI and NRC/DOE/E-PMDA
infr
as
‘mai
n
15
knowledge of the degradation
EPRI & EDF Strategy: Software development2011+20102009 2011+20102009
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE LTO TOOLBOX PLATFORM(Continuously Updated, Available to Utilities)
EDF Reference Manual Input
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (400K) - structural & materials modeling
COMPILATION OF DATA AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES
PILOT PROJECT 1 – Leaking Spent Fuel Pools
RADIATION DAMAGE
CHLORIDE ATTACK
AGING CONCRETE STRUCTURESREFERENCE MANUALOperational IssuesAging Mechanisms
Basic mechanismsDetection/characterization/NDE
AGING ISSUES MATRIX
TENDON MONITORING
PILOT PROJECT ‘n’ (TBD)
Detection/characterization/NDEModeling
EPRI LTO/TI Funded MAI Funded
ADVANCED NDE FOR CONCRETE
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Funding to be designated (EPRI/DOE/MAI/Utilities)
DOE Funded (Project approved but funding not committed yet)
3D d li 0D d li
2 strategiesMAI strategy for modeling concrete
microscalecement paste
3D modeling 0D modeling
build 3D microstructurefrom initial cement particles
build 0D microstructure (volumefraction) from initial cement
distribution and virtual hydration composition and virtual hydration
l build 3D microstructure from compute effective propertiesmesoscalemortar & concrete
build 3D microstructure fromaggregate distribution andcompute effective properties
compute effective propertiesusing homogenization schemes
17
R&D purpose practical purposefeed
EPRI & EDF Strategy: Pilot Projects
2011+20102009 2011+20102009
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE LTO TOOLBOX PLATFORM(Continuously Updated, Available to Utilities)
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (400K) - structural & materials modeling
EDF Reference Manual Input
COMPILATION OF DATA AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES
PILOT PROJECT 1 – Leaking Spent Fuel Pools
AGING CONCRETE STRUCTURESREFERENCE MANUALOperational IssuesAging Mechanisms
Basic mechanismsDetection/characterization/NDE CHLORIDE ATTACK
RADIATION DAMAGE
Detection/characterization/NDEModeling
AGING ISSUES MATRIX
PILOT PROJECT ‘n’ (TBD)
TENDON MONITORING
EPRI LTO/TI Funded MAI Funded
ADVANCED NDE FOR CONCRETE
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Funding to be designated (EPRI/DOE/MAI/Utilities)
DOE Funded (Project approved but funding not committed yet)
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF NPP CONTAINEMENTRESIDUAL LIFE WITH REGARDS TO DELAYED STRAINS
Example of a recent success at EDF
MATERIALS SCIENCE- basic mechanisms- lab tests
MONITORING- feed-back- bayesian approach
²
FEM/MONITORINGPREDICTION
PALIER-N4 CIVAUX1:maillage sechage PALIER-N4 CIVAUX1:maillage sechage
COMPUTATION
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
COMPUTATIONTH-M FEA
Chloride attack and corrosion of prestressed reinforced concrete
Example of an on-going Pilot Project at EPRI
prestressed reinforced concrete
step 0lab test
step 1degradation of refurbished materials(crack vs. corrosion patterns, NDE...)
lab test(crack vs. corrosion patterns, NDE...)
step 2NDE benchmark during outage
[Mullard & Stewart, 2011] experiment
step 3probability- based structural assessment
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
EPRI & EDF Strategy: LTO Toolbox Platform
2011+20102009 2011+20102009SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (400K)
- structural & materials modeling
EDF Reference Manual Input
CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE LTO TOOLBOX PLATFORM(Continuously Updated, Available to Utilities)
COMPILATION OF DATA AND MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES
PILOT PROJECT 1 – Leaking Spent Fuel Pools
AGING CONCRETE STRUCTURESREFERENCE MANUALOperational IssuesAging Mechanisms
Basic mechanismsDetection/characterization/NDE
RADIATION DAMAGE
CHLORIDE ATTACKDetection/characterization/NDEModeling
AGING ISSUES MATRIX
TENDON MONITORING
PILOT PROJECT ‘n’ (TBD)
EPRI LTO/TI Funded MAI Funded
ADVANCED NDE FOR CONCRETE
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
Funding to be designated (EPRI/DOE/MAI/Utilities)
DOE Funded (Project approved but funding not committed yet)
THE THREE PILLARS OF DECISION...
grow
ing
t/co
mpl
exity
StructuralAnalysis
cos
DecisionMaking
InspectionMaterial
Aging
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
THE THREE PILLARS OF DECISION...
ComputationalComputationalanalysis
grow
ing
t/co
mpl
exity
StructuralAnalysis Analytical
CalculationCode
Requirement
cos
Non Destructive Material
q
Strengthening/Additional monitoringReplacement
DecisionMaking
Non DestructiveCharacterization
MaterialSimulation
InspectionMaterial
AgingLocalizedMaintenance
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
VisualInspection
Non DestructiveDetection
DegradationMechanism
Lab testing
WHAT ABOUT LTO?
ComputationalLTOComputationalanalysis
grow
ing
t/co
mpl
exity
3StructuralAnalysis Analytical
CalculationCode
Requirement
cos3
Non Destructive Material
q
Strengthening/Additional monitoringReplacement2
DecisionMaking
Non DestructiveCharacterization
MaterialSimulation
InspectionMaterial
AgingLocalizedMaintenance
1
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRI
VisualInspection
Non DestructiveDetection
DegradationMechanism
Lab testing‘routine’
OUTLINE
• Does concrete matter?• Aging ManagementAging Management• R&D Joint Programs• ConclusionsConclusions
2010-11 all rights reserved EDF & EPRILB60 - Washington DC Feb. 22-24 2011
Some important reminders
1. Recent major events regarding concrete:
- tritium contamination of site groundwater
- large outer containment delamination
2. Costs associated to Civil Infrastructures can be huge
- CR3 shutdown for nearly 1 ½ yr.
- FHWA estimation $8.3B/yr (bridges)
3 There are generic degradation modes b t each concrete/en ironment is3. There are generic degradation modes but each concrete/environment is specific
4. Effective aging management programs require basic materials knowledge inspection techniques and structural analysesknowledge, inspection techniques and structural analyses
5. Not all issues find their answers in ‘expertise-based’ qualitative analysis
27