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2003 1 Lost Circulation Measurable loss of whole mud (liquid  phase and solid phase) to th e formation. Lost circulation can occur at any depth during any operation

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  • Lost Circulation

    Measurable loss of whole mud (liquid phase and solid phase) to the formation. Lost circulation can occur at any depth during any operation

  • Lost CirculationADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONSSURFACE HOLE

    LOSS OF DRIVE PIPE OR CONDUCTOR SHOEHOLE CLEANING PROBLEMSHOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSESTUCK-PIPEWELL CONTROL PROBLEMSLOSS OF THE WELL

  • Lost CirculationADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONSINTERMEDIATE HOLE

    LOSS OF FLUID LEVEL MONITORINGLOSS OF FORMATION EVALUATIONHOLE CLEANING PROBLEMSHOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSEEXTENDED WELLBORE EXPOSURE TIMESTUCK-PIPEWELL CONTROL PROBLEMSUNDER GROUND BLOWOUTADDITIONAL CASING STRINGS

  • Lost CirculationADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS

    PRODUCTION HOLE

    LOSS OF FLUID LEVEL MONITORINGLOSS OF FORMATION EVALUATIONHOLE CLEANING PROBLEMSHOLE BRIDGE OR COLLAPSEEXTENDED WELLBORE EXPOSURE TIME

  • Lost CirculationADVERSE EFFECTS ON DRILLING OPERATIONS

    PRODUCTION HOLE

    STUCK-PIPEWELL CONTROL PROBLEMSUNDER GROUND BLOWOUTADDITIONAL CASING STRINGSPRODUCTION ZONE DAMAGE

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION MECHANISIMS

    PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    WELLBORE PRESSURE EXCEED THE FRACTURE PRESSURE OF THE FORMATION CAUSING THE ROCK TO CRACK OPEN (FRACTURE)

  • Lost Circulation

    PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION MECHANISIMS

    NATUARLLAY EXISTING FRACTURES/ HIGH PERMEABILITY

    OVER BALANCED WELLBORE PRESSURE IS EXPOSED TO A FORMATION WITH UNSEALED FRACTURES OR HIGH PERMEABILITY

  • Lost Circulation

    NATUARLLAY EXISTING FRACTURES/ HIGH PERMEABILIY

  • Lost CirculationCAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATION

    PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    EXCESSIVE MUD WEIGHTANNULAR FRICTION LOSSWELLBORE PRESSURE SURGESIMPOSED OR TRAPPED PRESSURESSHUT-IN PRESSURESLOW FORMATION PRESSURE

  • Lost CirculationCAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATION

    NATURAL FRACTURES/PERMEABILITY

    UNCONSOLIDATED FORMATIONSFISSURES/FRACTURESUNSEALED FAULT BOUNDARYVULGAR/CAVERNOUS FORMATION

  • Lost CirculationPRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    CAUSE

    WELLBORE PRESSURES ARE GREATER THAN FORMATION FRACTURE PRESSURE

    THE FORMATION FRACTURES ALLOWING MUD LOSS

  • Lost CirculationPRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    WARNING

    PROGNOSED LOSS ZONEEXCESSIVE MUD WEIGHTLOW FRACTURE STRENGTHPOOR HOLE CLEANINGWELLBORE PRESSURE SURGES

  • Lost CirculationPRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    INDICATORS

    MAY BEGIN WITH SEEPAGE LOSS OR POSSIBLY TOTAL LOSSPIT VOLUME LOSSEXCESSIVE HOLE FILLIF SHUT-IN A SUDDEN LOSS OF PRESSURE

  • Lost CirculationPRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    FIRST ACTION (TOTAL LOSS)REDUCE PUMP SPEED TO APPROXIMATELY SPEEDPICK-UP OFF BOTTOM AND STOP THE PUMPSZERO THE STROKE COUNTER AND FILL THE ANNULUS WITH WATER OR LIGHT MUDRECORD THE STROKES IF/WHEN THE ANNULUS BEGINS TO FILL UPMONITOR THE WELL FOR FLOW

  • Lost CirculationPRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURE

    PREVENTITIVE ACTION

    MINIMISE MUD WEIGHT AND MAXIMISE SOLIDS REMOVALCONTROL RATE OF PENETRATIONMINIMSE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGESAVOID IMPOSED OR TRAPPED PRESSURE

  • Lost CirculationNATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY

    CAUSE

    WELLBORE PRESSURE IS OVERBALANCED TO THE FORMATION PRESSUREMUD LOST TO NATURAL FRACTURESAND/OR HIGH PERMEABILITY

  • Lost CirculationNATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY

    WARNING

    PROGNOSED LOSS ZONE

    LOST CIRCULATION CAN OCCUR AT ANY TIME DURING ANY OPEN HOLE OPERATION

  • Lost CirculationNATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY

    INDICATORS

    MAY BEGIN WITH SEEPAGE LOSS OR POSSIBLY TOTAL LOSSPIT VOLUME LOSSSTATIC LOSSES DURING CONNECTIONS OR SURVEYS

  • Lost CirculationNATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY

    FIRST ACTION (TOTAL LOSS)REDUCE PUMP SPEED TO APPROXIMATELY SPEEDPICK-UP OFF BOTTOM AND STOP THE PUMPSZERO THE STROKE COUNTER AND FILL THE ANNULUS WITH WATER OR LIGHT MUDRECORD THE STROKES IF/WHEN THE ANNULUS BEGINS TO FILL UPMONITOR THE WELL FOR FLOW

  • Lost CirculationNATURAL FRACTURES/HIGH PERMEABILIY

    PREVENTIVE ACTION

    MINIMISE MUD WEIGHTCONTROL RATE OF PENETRATIONMINIMSE WELLBORE PRESSURE SURGESPRE-TREAT WITH LCM

  • Lost Circulation

    LOSS SEVERITY CLASSIFICATIONSSEEPAGE LOSS(< 20 BBLS/HOUR)PARTIAL LOSS(> 20 BBLS/HOUR)TOTAL LOSS(NO RETURNS)GRADUAL LOSSESOPERATION NOT INTERUPTEDPOSSIBLE WARNING OF INCREASED LOSS SEVERITYIMMEDIATE DROP IN FLUID LEVEL WHEN PUMPING IS STOPPEDSLOW TO REGAIN RETURNS WHEN STARTING CIRCULATIONOPERATIONS USUALLY INTERUPTEDREMEDIAL ACTION REQUIREDRETURN FLOW STOPS IMMEDIATELYPUMP PRESSURE DECREASESTRING WEIGHT INCREASEOPERATIONS SUSPENDEDREMEDIAL ACTION REQUIRED

  • Lost CirculationMETHODS FOR LOCATING LOSS DEPTH

    SUCCESSFUL TREATING OF LOST CIRCULATION DEPENDS GREATLY ON LOCATING THE DEPTH OF THE LOSS ZONE

  • Lost Circulation METHODS FOR LOCATING LOSS DEPTHSURVEY METHODSTEMPERATURE SURVEYACOUSTIC LOGRADIOACTIVE TRACERSPINNER SURVEYPRESSURE TRANSDUCERHOT WIRE SURVEYPRACTICAL METHODSOFFSET DATAGEOLOGISTIC/LOGGER IDENIFIES POTENTIAL LOSS ZONEMONITORING FLUID LEVEL TRENDS WHILS DRILLING

  • Lost CirculationCONSIDERATIONS FOR SURVEY METHODS

    SURVEY TOOLS ARE NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLECONSIDERABLE TIME REQUIRE TO RUN THE SURVEYSURVEYS REQUIRE LARGE VOLUMES OF MUDRESULTS ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT TO INTERPRETPOSSIBILITY OF LOSING THE SURVEY TOOL IN THE HOLE

  • Lost Circulation

    GUIDELINE FOR LOST CIRCULATION SOLUTIONSACTIONRESULTSCONSIDERATIONSMINIMISE MUD WEIGHTREDUCE WELLBORE PRESSURES, (THE DRIVING FORCE PUSHING MUD INTO THE LOSS ZONE)MORE SUCCESSFUL WITH PRESSURE INDUCED FRACTURESPOSSIBLE WELL CONTROL AND HOLE STABILITY PROBLEMSFORMATION HEALING TIMEREACTIVE CLAYS SWELL WITH WBM PRODUCING A PLUGGING EFFECTMORE SUCCESSFUL WITH FRESH WATER MUD LOST TO SHALEBETTER RESULTS WITH LCMNORMAL 6-8 HOURS WAITING TIME WITH THE STRING INSIDE THE CASING

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost CirculationGUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL LCM RESULTS

    LOCATING THE LOSS ZONE AND ACCURATE PILL DISPLACEMENT IS VITAL. POSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE THE LOSS ZONE, DO NOT STOP PUMPING UNTIL THE PILL CLEARS THE BIT.

    INSURE THAT THE BASE MUD VISCOSITY WILL SUPPORT THE LCM VOLUME ADDED. ADD FRESH WATER GEL TO A PREMIXED LCM PILL IMMEDIATELY BEFORE PUMPING, FRESH GEL CONTINUES TO YIELD AFTER SPOTTING.

  • Lost CirculationGUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL LCM RESULTS

    AN EFFECTIVE LCM PILL BRIDGES, MATS AND THEN SEALS OFF THE LOSS ZONE, PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND PILL FORMULATION MUST SATISFY THESE REQUIREMENTS. CONSULT THE LCM PRODUCT GUIDE PRIOR TO APPLYING THE PILL.

    USE LARGE NOZZLE SIZES IF THE LOSS POTENTIAL IS HIGH. KEEP THE STRING MOVING DURING THE PILL SPOTTING OPERATION TO AVOID STUCK-PIPE.

  • Lost Circulation

    LOSS CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM)MATERIALDEFINITIONGRADESFINE (F) A PORTION OF THE MATERIAL WILL PASS THROUGH THE SHAKER SCREENSMEDIUN (M) MAJORITY OF MATERIAL WILL SCREEN-OUT AT THE SHAKERSCOARSE (C) ALL MATERIAL WILL SCREEN OUT AT THE SHAKER. WILL PLUG JETS AND DOWNHOLE TOOLS. RECOMMENDED WITH OPEN-ENDED PIPEFIBROUS & FLAKEDNON-RIGID MATERIALS THAT FORM A MAT ON THE HOLE TO PROVIDE A FOUNDATION FOR NORMAL FILTER CAKE DEVELOPMENTGRANULARRIGID MATERIAL THAT PLUG THE PERMEABLITY OF THE LOSS ZONE

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost Circulation

    SEEPAGE LOSS SOLUTIONS (< 20 BBL/HOUR)FIRST ACTIONRECOVERYREDUCE ROP TO LIMIT CUTTING LOADMINIMISE MUD RHELOGYMINIMISE GPMMINIMISE WELLBORE SURGESMINIMISE MWCONSIDER PULLING INTO THE SHOE AND WAITING 6 TO 8 HOURSADD LCM PILL IN 5-10 PPB INCREMENTS. EVALUATE RESULTS OVER 2 CIRCULATIONS BEFORE INCREASING TO THE NEXT LEVEL OF LCM CONCENTRATION. MIX 30 TO 50 BBL BATCHES AS DICTATED BY THE HOLE SIZE. CONSIDER SPOTTING LCM PILL BEFORE POOH. NON-PRODUCTIVE INTERVALSWBM: OBM/SBMLCM BLEND (F) 5-15 PPB CELLULOSIC (F/M) 2-25 PPBLCM BLEND (M) 5-15 PPBLCM BLEND (F/M) 10-20 PPB PRODUCTION ZONE EXPOSEDWBM: OBM/SBMLIMESTONE (F/M) 5-30 PPB CELLULOSIC (F/M) 2-25 PPB LIMESTONE (F/M) 5-15 PPB

  • Lost CirculationTHE LCM MIXTURES SHOWN ARE INTENDED AS A GUIDE WHERE NO FIELD EXPERIENCE EXIST. SOME SOLUTIONS MAY REQUIRE 2 6 PPB CONCENTRATION IN THE TOTAL MUD SYSTEM. CONSULT YOUR MUD COMPANY FOR AVAILABLE PRODUCTS AND PILL FORMULATIONS BEST SUITED FOR THE AREA

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost CirculationTHE LCM MIXTURES SHOWN ARE INTENDED AS A GUIDE WHERE NO FIELD EXPERIENCE EXIST. SOME SOLUTIONS MAY REQUIRE 2 6 PPB CONCENTRATION IN THE TOTAL MUD SYSTEM. CONSULT YOUR MUD COMPANY FOR AVAILABLE PRODUCTS AND PILL FORMULATIONS BEST SUITED FOR THE AREA

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM)

    LOCATE THE LOSS ZONEMIX 50 TO 100 BBLS OF MUD WITH 25 30 PPB BENTONITE AND 30 40 PPB LCMPOSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONEIF OPEN-ENDED, PUMP OF THE PILL INTO THE LOSS ZONE. STOP THE PUMP, WAIT 15 MINUTES AND PUMP THE REMAINDER OF THE PILL

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL (LCM)

    IF PUMPING THROUGH THE BIT, PUMP THE ENTIRE PILL AND FOLLOW IT WITH 25 BBLS OF MUDIF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED, REPEAT THE PROCEDURE. IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED AFTER THIS, WAIT 2 HOURS AND REPEAT THE PROCEDUREIF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED AFTER PUMPING THREE PILLS, CONSIDER OTHER OPTIONS TO REGAIN CIRCULATION

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL PILLS

    IF POSSIBLE DRILL THROUGH THE LOSS INTERVAL. THEN POOH AND RIH OPEN-ENDED DRILLPIPEPOSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONECLEAN THE MIXING PIT THOROUGHLY. MIX 50 BBLS OF DESIRED PILLPUMP DOWN THE DRILLSTRING AND PLACE IN THE SUSPECTED ZONE. IF ANNULUS IS NOT FULL, PUMP MUD DOWN THE ANNULUS WHILE PUMPING THE PILL DOWN THE DRILLSTRING

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL PILLS

    WHEN THE ANNULUS IS FULL, PREPARE TO PERFORM SQUEEZE JOB. APPLY 150 TO 200 PSI ON THE ANNULUS. THIS WILL SOFT SQUEEZE THE MATERIAL INTO THE LOSS ZONE

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG

    IF POSSIBLE DRILL THROUGH THE LOSS INTERVAL. THEN POOH AND RIH OPEN-ENDED DRILLPIPEPOSITION THE STRING +/- 100 FEET ABOVE LOSS ZONEMIX 100 SX OF CEMENT AND 100 SX OF BENTONITE WITH 50 BBLS OF DIESEL (SLURRY WEIGHT 11.5 PPG - 1.39 CUBIC FEET PER SACK)PUMP DOWN STRING 15 BBLS OF WATER-FREE DIESEL AHEAD AND BEHIND THE GUNK PLUG

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG

    WHEN THE LEAD DIESEL SPACER REACHES THE BIT, CLOSE THE BOP AND PUMP DOWN THE ANNULUSPUMP AT 4 BBL/MIN DOWN THE STRING AND 2 BBL/MIN DOWN THE ANNULUS UNTIL THE TAIL SPACER CLEARS THE BITRECIPROCATE THE STRING SLOWLY, DO NOT REVERSE CIRCULATEPULL THE STRING CLEAR OF THE SQUEEZE. PLACE THE SQUEEZE WITH THE CEMENT UNIT.

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR A GUNK PLUG

    WAIT + 8 HOURS FOR THE GUNK PLUG TO CURE, REPEAT THE PROCEDURE IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINED.IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO DRILL OUT THE GUNK BEFORE REPEATING THE PROCEDURE.

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR CEMENT

    IF POSSIBLE,DRILL THROUGH THE ENTIRE LOST CIRCULATION INTERVALPOOH AND RIH WITH OPEN-ENDED DPPOSITION THE OPEN-ENDED DP 100 FEET ABOVE THE LOSS ZONEMIX AND PUMP 50 TO 100 BBLS OF CEMENT SLURRYFOLLOW THE SLURRY WITH ENOUGH VOLUME OF MUD OR WATER TO BALANCE THE U TUBEWAIT 6 TO 8 HOURS AND ATTEMPT TO FILL THE ANNULUS

  • Lost CirculationSPOTTING PROCEDURES FOR CEMENT

    REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE IF RETURNS ARE NOT REGAINEDIT MAY BE NECESSARY TO DRILL OUT THE CEMENT BEFORE REPEATING THE PROCEDURE.NOTETHE CEMENT FORMULATION MUST BE TESTED BY THECEMENT COMPANY TO DETERMINE THE CEMENT THICKENING TIME

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

    THE PREVENTION OF LOST CIRCULATION MUST ALWAYS BE CONSIDERED IN THE WELL PLANNING,DRILLING AND POST ANALYSIS PHASES.

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

    DESIGN THE CASING PROGRAMME TO CASE-OFF LOW PRESSURE OR SUSPECTED LOST CIRCULATION ZONESMAINTAIN THE MUD WEIGHT TO THE MINIMUM REQUIRED TO CONTROL KNOWN FORMATION PRESSURES. HIGH MUD WEIGHTS ARE ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF LOST CIRCULATIONMAINTAIN LOW MUD RHEOLOGY VALUES THAT ARE STILL SUFFICENT TO CLEAN THE HOLE.

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

    PRE-TREAT THE MUD SYSTEM WITH LCM WHEN DRILLING THROUGH KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION INTERVALSROTATING THE STRING WHEN STARTING TO CIRCULATE HELPS TO BREAK THE GELS AND MINIMISE PUMP PRESSURE SURGESSTART CIRCULATION SLOWLY AFTER CONNECTIONS AND PERIODS OF NON-CIRCULATIONMINIMISE ANNULAR RESTRICTIONS

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

    USE THE MINIMUM GPM FLOW RATE TO CLEAN THE HOLE WHEN DRILLING THROUGH KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION ZONESCONTROL ROP WHEN DRILLING KNOWN LOST CIRCULATION ZONES TO AVOID LOADING UP THE ANNULUS WITH CUTTINGSREDUCE TRIP SPEEDS TO MINIMISE SWAB AND SURGE PRESSURESPLAN TO BREAK CIRCULATION AT 2 OR 3 DEPTHS WHILE TRIPPING INTO THE HOLE

  • Lost CirculationLOST CIRCULATION PREVENTION GUIDELINES

    CONSIDER USING JET SIZES OR TFA THAT WILL ALLOW THE USE OF LCM PILLS (+ 12/32 JETS)BE PREPARED FOR MUD LOSSES DUE TO THE SHAKER SCREENS PLUGGING

  • Lost CirculationPRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS

    INSURE AN ADEQUET WATER SUPPLY IS AVAILABLEUSE ONE PUMP TO DRILL AND THE SECOND TO ADD WATER TO THE ANNULUSASSIGN A PERSON TO MONITOR THE FLOWLINE AT ALL TIMESCLOSELY MONITOR TORQUE AND DRAG TO DETERMINE WHEN TO PUMP VISCOUS SWEEPS

  • Lost CirculationPRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS

    CLOSELY MONITOR PUMP PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING FOR INDICATIONS OF PACKING-OFFCONTROL ROP (IF POSSIBLE) AT ONE JOINT PER HOURPICK UP OFF BOTTOM EVERY 15 FEET (3 METRES) DRILLED TO ENSURE THE HOLE IS NOT PACKING-OFFKEEP THE PIPE MOVING AT ALL TIMES

  • Lost CirculationPRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS

    MAINTAIN 400 500 BBLS RESERVE OF VISCOUS MUD READY TO PUMPCONSIDER SPOTTING HI-VIS PILLS ON BOTTOM PRIOR TO TRIPPING OR LOGGINGSTOP DRILLING AND CONSIDER POOH TO THE SHOE IF PUMP REPAIRS ARE REQUIREDSTART AND STOP MOVING THE PIPE SLOWLY TO MINIMISE PIPE SPEED

  • Lost CirculationPRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNSCONSIDER SPOTTING A HI-VIS PILL ABOVE THE BHA PRIOR TO EACH CONNECTIONPRIOR TO EACH CONNECTION, CIRCULATE AND WIPE THE HOLE THOROUGHLYDO NOT RUN SURVEYS WILL DRILLING BLINDIF CIRCULATION RETURNS, STOP DRILLING. RAISE THE STRING TO THE SHUT-IN POSITION. STOP THE PUMPS AND CHECK FOR FLOW

  • Lost CirculationPRECAUTIONS WHILE DRILLING WITHOUT RETURNS

    IF FLOW IS OBSERVED, CLOSE THE BOP AND OBSERVE THE SHUT-IN PRESSURES:1.NO SHUT-IN PRESSURE - SLOWLY CIRCULATE BOTTOMS-UP THROUGH TWO OPEN CHOKES

    2.PRESSURE OBSERVED - SLOWLY CIRCULATE THE KICK WITH THE DRILLERS METHOD. BE PREPARED FOR AN UNDERGROUND BLOWOUT

  • Lost Circulation

    SEALING MATERIALS USED FOR LOST CIRCULATIONMATERIALTYPEDESCRIPTIONCONCENTRATIONLBS/BBLLARGEST FRACTURE SEALED (INCHES)NUTSHELLGRANULAR50% - +3/16 10 MESH50% - +10 100 MESH20048121620PLASTICGRANULAR50% - +3/16 10 MESH50% - +10 100 MESH20LIMESTONEGRANULAR50% - +3/16 10 MESH50% - +10 100 MESH40SULPHURGRANULAR50% - +3/16 10 MESH50% - +10 100 MESH120

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost Circulation

  • Lost Circulation