Upload
shaddgeek
View
235
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
1/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
2/261
LPILINU
X
CERTIFICATIO
N
INANUTSHELL
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
3/261
LPILINU
X
C
ERTIFICATIO
N
INANUTSHELL
ThirdEdition
$
GDP+DHGHU6WHSKHQ$GGLVRQ6FKQHLWHU
%UXQR*RPHV3HVVDQKDDQG-DPHV6WDQJHU
Beijing
Cambridge
Farnham
Kln
Sebastopol
Taipei
Tokyo
LPILinuxCertificationinaNutshell,ThirdEdition
E\$GDP+DHGHU6WHSKHQ$GGLVRQ6FKQHLWHU%UXQR*RPHV3HVVDQKDDQG-DPHV
6WDQJHU
&RS\ULJKW$GDP+DHGHU6WHSKHQ$GGLVRQ
6FKQHLWHU%UXQR*RPHV3HVVDQKDDQG
-DPHV6WDQJHU$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG
3ULQWHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD
3XEOLVKHGE\25HLOO\0HGLD,QF*UDYHQVWHLQ
+LJKZD\1RUWK6HEDVWRSRO&$
25HLOO\ERRNVPD\EHSXUFKDVHGIRUHGXFDWLRQDOEXVLQHVVRUVDOHVSURPRWLRQDOXVH2QOLQH
HGLWLRQVDUHDOVRDYDLODEOHIRUPRVWWLWOHVKWWSP\
VDIDULERRNVRQOLQHFRP)RUPRUHLQIRU
PDWLRQFRQWDFWRXU
FRUSRUDWHLQVWLWXWLRQDOVDOHV
GHSDUWPHQW
RU
FRUSRUDWH#RUHLOO\FRP
Editor:$QG\2UDP
ProductionEditor:$GDP=DUHPED
Copyeditor:*HQHYLHYHG(QWUHPRQW
Proofreader:-HQQLIHU.QLJKW
Indexer:-D\0DUFKDQG
CoverDesigner:.DUHQ0RQWJRPHU\
InteriorDesigner:'DYLG)XWDWR
Illust
rator:5REHUW5RPDQR
PrintingHistory:
0D\
)LUVW(GLWLRQ
-XO\
6HFRQG(GLWLRQ
-XQH
7KLUG(GLWLRQ
1XWVKHOO+DQGERRNWKH1XWVKHOO+DQGERRNORJRD
QGWKH25HLOO\ORJRDUHUHJLVWHUHGWUDGH
PDUNVRI25HLOO\0HGLD,QF/3,/LQX[&HUWLILFDWLRQLQD1XWVKHOOWKHLPDJHRIDEXOODQG
UHODWHGWUDGHGUHVVDUHWUDGHPDUNVRI25HLOO\0HGLD,QF
0DQ\RIWKHGHVLJQDWLRQVXVHGE\PDQXIDFWXUHUVDQ
GVHOOHUVWRGLVWLQJXLVKWKHLUSURGXFWVDUH
FODLPHGDVWUDGHPDUNV:KHUHWKRVHGHVLJQDWLRQVD
SSHDULQWKLVERRNDQG25HLOO\0HGLD
,QFZDVDZDUHRIDWUDGHPDUNFODLPWKHGHVLJQDWLRQ
VKDYHEHHQSULQWHGLQFDSVRULQLWLDOFDSV
:KLOHHYHU\SUHFDXWLRQKDVEHHQWDNHQLQWKHSUHSDUDWLRQRIWKLVERRNWKHSXEOLVKHUDQG
DXWKRUVDVVXPHQRUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUHUURUVRURPLV
VLRQVRUIRUGDPDJHVUHVXOWLQJIURPWKH
XVHRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDLQHGKHUHLQ
TM
7KLVERRNXVHV5HS.RYHUDGXUDEOHDQGIOH[LEOHOD\IODWELQGLQJ
,6%1
>0@
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
4/261
TableofContents
Preface...........
.................................................xiii
1.
LPIExams...
...................................................1
2.
Exam101StudyGuide...........................................5
([DP3UHSDUDWLRQ
3.
SystemArchitecture(Topic101.1)..................................7
2EMHFWLYH'
HWHUPLQHDQG&RQILJXUH+DUGZDUH6HWWLQJV
%,26
86%7RSRORJ\
86%&RQWUROOHUV
86%'HYLF
HV
86%'ULYHUV
86%+RWSOXJ
5HSRUWLQJ
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
5/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
6/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
7/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
8/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
9/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
10/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
11/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
12/261
7KHH[DPDOVRKDVILOOLQWKHEODQN
TXHVWLRQV7KHVHTXHVWLRQVSURYLGHDRQHOLQH
WH[WDUHDLQ
SXWER[IR
U\RXWRILOOLQ
\RXUDQVZHU7KHVHTXHVWLRQVFKHFN\RXUNQRZO
HGJHRIFRQFHSWVVXFKDVLP
SRUWDQWILOHVDQGFRPPDQGVSOXVFRPPRQIDFWVWKDW
\RXDUHH[SHFWHGWR
EHDZDUHRI'RQWOHWWKLVVFDUH\RXKRZHYHUVLQFHPRVWRI
WKHVHLWHPVDFFHSWDYDULHW\RIDQVZHUV8QOHVVVSHFLILHGRWKHUZLVHWKH\DUHQRWFDVH
VHQVLWLYHDQGGRQRW
UHTXLUHIXOOSDWKVLQ
\RXUDQVZHUV
LPIExams
|
3
LPIExams
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
13/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
14/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
15/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
16/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
17/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
18/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
19/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
20/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
21/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
22/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
23/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
24/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
25/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
26/261
7KHVHFDXVHDQLPPHGLDWHKDOWRUUHERRWVUHVSHFWLYHO\
$OWKRXJKLWVQRWUHDOO\DEXJWKHVKXWGRZQPDQSDJHQRWHVWKDWRPLVVLRQRIWKHUHTXLUHG
timeDUJXPHQW\LHOGVXQ
XVXDOUHVXOWV,I\RXIRUJHWWKHtimeDUJXPHQWWKHFRPPDQGZLOOSURE
DEO\H[LWZLWKRXWDQHUURUPHVVDJH7KLVPLJKWOHDG\RXWREHOLHYHWKDWDVKXWGRZQLVVWDUWLQJ
VRLWVLP
SRUWDQWWRXVH
WKHFRUUHFWV\QWD[
OntheExam
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
27/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
28/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
29/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
30/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
31/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
32/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
33/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
34/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
35/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
36/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
37/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
38/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
39/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
40/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
41/261
============================================================================
P
ack
age
Ar
ch
Ver
si
on
Reposi
tor
y
Siz
e
============================================================================
Installing:
samba
i586
3.3.2-0.33.fc11
fedora
4.4M
Tr
an
sacti
on
Summ
ar
y
============================================================================
In
stall
1
Pack
age(s)
Update
0
Pack
age(s)
Rem
ov
e
0
Pack
age(s)
Total
downl
oad
siz
e:
4.4
M
Is
this
ok
[y/N]:
Downloading
Packages:
sam
ba-
3.3.2-
0.33.f
c11
.i
586.r
pm
|
4.4
MB
00:
06
Runnin
g
rpm
_ch
eck
_debug
Runnin
g
Tr
an
sacti
on
Test
Fini
sh
ed
Tr
an
sacti
on
Test
Tr
an
sacti
on
Test
Succeeded
Runnin
g
Tr
an
sacti
on
In
stallin
g
:
sam
ba-
3.3.2-
0.33.f
c11
.i
586
1/1
Installed:
sam
ba.i
586
0:
3.3.2-
0.33.f
c11
Com
pl
ete!
Removingpackages
5HPRYLQJDSDFNDJHIURP
\RXUV\VWHPLVVLPLODUWRWKHLQVWDOODWLRQSURFHVV7ZR
RSWLRQVUHPRYHSDFNDJHVUHPRYHDQGHUDVH7KH\SHUIRUPWKHVDPHIXQFWLRQEXW
UHPRYHVKRXOGEHXVHGZLWKFDXWLRQEHFDXVHLWDOVRFDQXQLQVWDOOGHSHQGHQW
SDFNDJHV
#
yum
rem
ov
e
httpd
Loaded
pl
ugin
s:
refr
esh-
pack
ageki
t
Settin
g
up
Rem
ov
e
Pr
ocess
Resolvin
g
Depen
den
ci
es
-->
Runnin
g
tr
an
sacti
on
ch
eck
--->
Package
httpd.i586
0:2.2.11-8
set
to
be
erased
-->
Processing
Dependency:
httpd
>=
2.2.0
for
package:
\
gn
om
e-
user-
sh
ar
e-2
.2
6.0-2
.f
c11
.i
586
-->
Runnin
g
tr
an
sacti
on
ch
eck
--->
Package
gnome-user-share.i586
0:2.26.0-2.fc11
set
to
be
erased
-->
Finished
Dependency
Resolution
Depen
den
ci
es
Resolv
ed
=========================================================================
Package
Arch
Version
Repository
Size
=========================================================================
Rem
ovin
g:
h
ttpd
i586
2.2
.11-
8
in
stall
ed
2.6M
Removing
for
dependencies:
gnome-user-share
i586
2.26.0-2.fc11
installed
809k
rpm
Chapter5:LinuxInstallationandPackageManagement(Topic102)
|
61
Installation/Pack-
ageManagement
Tr
an
sacti
on
Summ
ar
y
==========================================
===============================
Install
0Package(s)
Update
0Package(s)
Rem
ov
e
2P
ack
age(s)
Is
thi
s
ok
[y/N
]:
Y
rpm
62
|
Chapter5:LinuxInstallationandPackageManagemen
t(Topic102)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
42/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
43/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
44/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
45/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
46/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
47/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
48/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
49/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
50/261
Ilist3ULQ
WlistILHOGV
Example
6KRZXVHUQDPHVLQWKHILUVWFRORQGHOLPLWHGILHOGIURPHWFSDVVZG
$
cut
-d:
-f1
/etc/passw
d
expand
Syntaxe
xpan
d
[opti
on
s]
[fil
es]
Description
&RQYHUW7DEVWRVSDFHV6RPHWLPHVWKHXVHRI7DEFKDUDFWHUVFDQPDNHRXWSXWWKDWLVDWWUDFWLYH
RQRQHRXWSXWGHYLFHOR
RNEDGRQDQRWKHU7KLVFRPPDQGHOLPLQDWHV7DEVDQGUHSODFHVWKHP
ZLWKWKHHTXLYDOHQWQXP
EHURIVSDFHV%\GHIDXOW7DEVDUHDVVXPHGWREHHLJKWVSDFHVDSDUW
Frequentlyusedoptions
Wnumber
6SHFLI\7DEVWRSVLQSODFHRIWKHGHIDXOW
L
,QLWLDOFRQYHUWRQO\DWVWDUWRIOLQHV
fmt
Syntaxf
mt
[opti
on
s]
[fi
les]
Description
)RUPDWWH[WWRDVSHFLILHGZLGWKE\ILOOLQJOLQHVDQGUHPRYLQJQHZOLQHFKDUDFWHUV0XOWLSOH
filesIURPWKHFRPPDQ
GOLQHDUHFRQFDWHQDWHG
Frequentlyusedoptions
X
8VHXQLIRUPVSDFLQJRQHVSDFHEHWZHHQZRUGVDQGWZRVSDFHVEHWZHHQVHQWHQFHV
Zwidth
6HWOLQHZLGWKWRwid
th7KHGHIDXOWLVFKDUDFWHUV
head
Syntaxh
ead
[opti
on
s]
[f
iles]
head
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
|
79
GNU/Unix
Commands
Description
3ULQWWKHILUVWIHZOLQHVRIRQHRUPRUHILOHVWKHKHDG
RIWKHILOHRUILOHV:KHQPRUHWKDQRQH
ILOHLVVSHFLILHGDKHDGHULV
SULQWHGDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIHDFKILOHDQGHDFKLVOLVWHGLQVXFFHVVLRQ
Frequentlyusedoptions
Fn
3ULQWWKHILUVWnE\WHVRULInLVIROORZHGE\kRUm
SULQWWKHILUVWnNLORE\WHVRUPHJDE\WHV
UHVSHFWLYHO\
-nn
3ULQWWKHILUVWnOLQHV7KHGHIDXOWLV
join
Syntaxj
oin
[opti
on
s]
fil
e1
fil
e2
Description
3ULQWDOLQHIRUHDFKSDLURILQSXWOLQHVRQHHDFKIURP
file1DQGfile2WKDWKDYHLGHQWLFDOMRLQ
ILHOGV7KLVIXQFWLRQFRXOGEHWKRXJKWRIDVDYHU\VLPSOHGDWDEDVHWDEOHMRLQZKHUHWKHWZR
ILOHVVKDUHDFRPPRQLQGH[
MXVWDVWZRWDEOHVLQDGD
WDEDVHZRXOG
Frequentlyusedoptions
Mfield
-RLQRQfieldRIfile1
Mfield
-RLQRQfieldRIfile2
Mfield-RLQ
RQfieldRIERWKfile1DQGfile2
Example
6XSSRVHILOHFRQWDLQVWKHIROORZLQ
J
1one
2
tw
o
3
thr
ee
DQGILOHFRQWDLQV
111
222
3
33
,VVXLQJWKHFRPPDQG
$join-j1file1file2
\LHOGVWKHIROORZLQJRXWSXW
join
80
|
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
51/261
1
on
e
11
2
tw
o
22
3
thr
ee
33
nl
Syntaxn
l
[opti
on
s]
[fil
es]
Description
1XPEHUWKHOLQHVRIfile
sZKLFKDUHFRQFDWHQDWHGLQWKHRXWSXW7KLVFRPPDQGLVXVHGIRU
QXPEHULQJOLQHVLQWKHERG\RIWH[WLQFOXGLQJVSHFLDOKHDGHUDQGIRRWHURSWLRQVQRUPDOO\H[
FOXGHGIURPWKHOLQHQXPEHULQJ7KHQXPEHULQJLVGRQHIRUHDFKORJLFDOSDJHZKLFKLVGHILQHG
DVKDYLQJDKHDGHUDERG\DQGDIRRWHU7KHVHDUHGHOLPLWHGE\WKHVSHFLDOVWULQJV\:
\:
\:
\:
\:DQG
\:UHVSHFWLYHO\
Frequentlyusedoptions
Estyle
6HWERG\QXPEHULQJVW\OHWRstyleZKLFKLV
tE\GHIDXOWVW\OHVDUHGHVFULEHGQH[W
Istyle
6HWIRRWHUQXPEHU
VW\OHWRstylenE\GHIDXOW
Kstyle
6HWKHDGHUQXPEHULQJVW\OHWRstylen
E\GHIDXOW
6W\OHVFDQEHLQWKHVHIR
UPV
$
1XPEHUDOOOLQHV
W
1XPEHURQO\QRQHPSW\OLQHV
Q
'RQRWQXPEHUOLQ
HV
SREGEXP
1XPEHURQO\OLQHVWKDWFRQWDLQDPDWFKIRUUHJXODUH[SUHVVLRQREGEXP
Example
6XSSRVHILOHILOHFRQWDLQVWKHIROORZLQJWH[W
\:
\:
\:
header
\:\:
line1
lin
e2
lin
e3
\:
footer
\:
\:
\:
header
nl
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
|
81
GNU/Unix
Commands
\:
\:
lin
e1
lin
e2
line3
\:
footer
,IWKHIROORZLQ
JFRPPDQGLV
JLYHQ
$nl-hafile1
WKHRXWSXWZRXOG\LHOGQXPEHUHGKHDGHUVDQGERG\OLQHVEXWQRQXPEHULQJRQIRRWHUOLQHV
(DFKQHZKHDGHUUHSUHVHQWVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIDQHZOR
JLFDOSDJHDQGWKXVDUHVWDUWRIWKHQXP
EHULQJVHTXHQFH
1
header
2
lin
e1
3
lin
e2
4
line3
footer
1
header
2
lin
e1
3
lin
e2
4
lin
e3
footer
od
Syntaxo
d
[opti
on
s]
[fil
es]
Description
'XPSILOHVLQRFWDODQGRWKHUIRUPDWV7KLV
SURJUDPSULQWVDOLVWLQ
JRIDILOHVFRQWHQWVLQD
YDULHW\RIIRUPDWV,WLVRIWHQXVHGWRH[DPLQHWKHE\WHFRGHVRIELQDU\ILOHVEXWFDQEHXVHGRQ
DQ\ILOHRULQSXWVWUHDP(DFKOLQHRIRXWSXWFRQVLVWVRIDQRFWDOE\WHRIIVHWIURPWKHVWDUWRIWKH
ILOHIROORZHGE\DVHULHVRIWRNHQVLQGLFDWLQJWKHFRQWHQWVRIWKHILOH'HSHQGLQJRQWKHRSWLRQV
VSHFLILHGWKHVHWRNHQVFDQEH$6&,,GHFLPDOKH[DGHFLPDORURFWDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRIWKH
FRQWHQWV
Frequentlyusedoptions
Wtype6SHFLI\
WKHtypeRIRXWSXW
7\SLFDOW\SHVLQFOXGH
$
1DPHGFKDUDFWHU
F
$6&,,FKDUDFWHURUEDFNVODVKHVFDSH
2
2FWDOWKHGHIDXOW
od
82
|
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
52/261
[
+H[DGHFLPDO
Example
,IILOHFRQWDLQV
a1
\n
A1\n
ZKHUH
\n
VWDQGVIRUWKHQHZOLQHFKDUDFWHUWKHRGFRPPDQGVSHFLI\LQJQDPHGFKDUDFWHUV\LHOGV
WKHIROORZLQ
JRXWSXW
$
od
-t
a
fil
e1
00000000
a
1
nl
A
1
nl
00000006
$VOLJKWQXDQFHLVWKH$
6&,,FKDUDFWHUPRGH7KLVRGFRPPDQGVSHFLI\LQJQDPHGFKDUDFWHUV
\LHOGVWKHIROORZLQJRXW
SXWZLWKEDFNVODVKHVFDSHGFKDUDFWHUVUDWKHUWKDQQDPHGFKDUDFWHUV
$
od
-t
c
fil
e1
00000000
a
1
\n
A
1
\n
00000006
:LWKQXPHULFRXWSXWIRUPDWV
\RXFDQLQVWUXFWRGRQKRZPDQ\E\WHVWRXVHLQLQWHUSUHWLQ
J
HDFKQXPEHULQWKHGDWD7RGRWKLVIROORZWKHW\SHVSHFLILFDWLRQE\DGHFLPDOLQWHJHU7KLV
RGFRPPDQGVSHFLI\LQJ
VLQJOHE\WHKH[UHVXOWV
\LHOGVWKHIROORZLQJRXWSXW
$
od
-t
x1
fil
e1
00000000
61
31
0a
41
31
0a
00000006
'RLQJWKHVDPHWKLQJLQ
RFWDOQRWDWLRQ\LHOGV
$
od
-t
o1
fil
e1
00000000
141
061
012
101
061
012
00000006
,I\RXH[DPLQHDQ$6&,,FKDUWZLWKKH[DQGRFWDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQV\RXOOVHHWKDWWKHVHUHVXOWV
PDWFKWKRVHWDEOHV
paste
Syntaxp
aste
[opti
on
s]
[
fil
es]
Description
3DVWHWRJHWKHUFRUUHVSRQGLQJOLQHVRIRQHRUPRUHfilesLQWRYHUWLFDOFROXPQV6LPLODULQIXQF
WLRQWRWKHMRLQFRPPDQGEXWVLPSOHULQVFRSH
Frequentlyusedoptions
Gn
6HSDUDWHFROXPQV
ZLWKFKDUDFWHUnLQ
SODFHRIWKHGHIDXOW7DE
paste
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
|
83
GNU/Unix
Commands
V
0HUJHOLQHVIURPRQHILOHLQWRDVLQJOHOLQH:KHQPXOWLSOHILOHVDUHVSHFLILHGWKHLUFRQWHQWV
DUHSODFHGRQLQGLYLGXDOOLQHVRIRXWSXWRQHSH
UILOH
)RUWKHIROORZLQJWKUHHH[DPSOHVILOHFRQWDLQV
123
DQGILOHFRQWDLQV
ABC
Example1
$VLPSOHSDVWHFUHDWHVFROXPQVIURPHDFKILOHLQVWDQ
GDUGRXWSXW
$
pastefil
e1fil
e2
1
A
2
B
3
C
Example2
7KHFROXPQVHSDUDWRURSWLRQ\LHOGVFROXPQVVHSDUDWHGE\WKHVSHFLILHGFKDUDFWHU
$
paste-
d'
@'fil
e1
fil
e2
1@A
2@B
3@C
Example3
7KHVLQJOHOLQHRSWLRQV\LHOGVDOLQHIRUHDFKILOH
$
paste-
sfil
e1fil
e2
1
2
3
A
B
C
pr
Syntaxp
r[opti
on
s][fil
e]
Description
&RQYHUWDWH[WILOHLQWRDSDJLQDWHGFROXPQDUYHUVLR
QZLWKKHDGHUVDQGSDJHILOOV7KLVFRP
PDQGLVFRQYHQLHQWIRU
\LHOGLQJQLFHRXWSXWVXFKDV
IRUDOLQHSULQWHUIURPUDZXQLQWHUHVWLQJ
WH[WILOHV7KHKHDGHUZLOOFRQVLVWRIWKHGDWHDQGWLP
HWKHILOHQDPHDQGDSDJHQXPEHU
Frequentlyusedoptions
G
'RXEOHVSDFH
pr
84
|
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
53/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
54/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
55/261
Example2
7RVXSSUHVVUHSHDWHGZ
KLWHVSDFHFKDUDFWHUVIURPILOH
$
cat
file1
|
tr
-s
'[:blank:]'
Example3
7RUHPRYHDOOQRQSULQWDEOHFKDUDFWHUVIURPILOHH[FHSWWKHQHZOLQHFKDUDFWHU
$
cat
fil
e1
|
tr
-dc
'[:prin
t:]\n'
unexpand
Syntaxu
nex
pan
d
[opti
on
s]
[fil
es
Description
&RQYHUWVSDFHVWR7DEV7KLVFRPPDQGSHUIRUPVWKHRSSRVLWHDFWLRQRIH[SDQG%
\GHIDXOW
7DEVWRSVDUHDVVXPHGWREHHYHU\HLJKWVSDFHV
Frequentlyusedoptions
D
&RQYHUWDOOVSDFHVQRW
MXVWOHDGLQ
JVSDFHV1RUPDOO\XQH[SDQGZLOOZRUNRQO\RQVSDFHV
DWWKHEHJLQQLQ
JRIHDFKOLQHRILQ
SXW8VLQJWKHDRSWLRQFDXVHVLWWRUHSODFHVSDFHV
DQ\ZKHUHLQWKHLQ
SXW
7KLVEHKDYLRURIXQH[SDQGGLIIHUVIURPH[SDQG%\GHIDXOW
H[
SDQGFRQYHUWVDOO7DEVWRVSDFHV,WUHTXLUHVWKHLRSWLRQ
WR
FRQYHUWRQO\OHDGLQJVSDFHV
Wnumber
6SHFLI\7DEVWRSVLQSODFHRIWKHGHIDXOW
uniq
Syntaxu
niq
[opti
on
s]
[i
nput
[output]]
Description
:ULWHVinputRUVWGLQWRoutputRUVWGRXWHOLPLQDWLQJDGMDFHQWGXSOLFDWHOLQHV
6LQFHXQLTZRUNVRQO\RQDGMDFHQWOLQHVRILWVLQSXWLWLVPRVWRIWHQXVHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKVRUW
Frequentlyusedoptions
G
3ULQWRQO\QRQXQLTXHUHSHDWLQJOLQHV
uniq
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
|
89
GNU/Unix
Commands
X
3ULQWRQO\XQLTXHQRQUHSHDWLQJOLQHV
Examples
6XSSRVHILOHFRQWDLQVWKHIROORZLQJ
bbaacdc
,VVXLQJWKHFRPPDQGuni
q
ZLWKQRRSWLRQV
$
uni
qfil
e
\LHOGVWKHIROORZLQJRXWSXW
bacdc
1RWLFHWKDWWKHOLQHZLWK
cLVUHSHDWHGVLQFHWKHGXSOLFDWHOLQHVZHUHQRWDGMDFHQWLQWKHLQ
SXW
ILOH7RHOLPLQDWHGXSOLFDWHOLQHVUHJDUGOHVVRIZKHUH
WKH\DSSHDULQWKHLQSXWXVHsor
t
RQWKH
LQSXWILUVW
$
sor
tfil
e
|
uni
q
abcd
7RSULQWRQO\OLQHVWKDWQHYHUUHSHDWLQWKHLQ
SXWXVHWKHXRSWLRQ
$
sor
tfil
e
|
uni
q-
u
d
7RSULQWRQO\OLQHVWKDWGRUHSHDWLQWKHLQ
SXWXVHWK
HGRSWLRQ
$sortfile|uniq-d
abc
wc
Syntaxw
c
[opti
on
s]
[fil
es]
Description
3ULQWFRXQWVRIFKDUDFWHUVZRUGVDQGOLQHVIRUfiles
:KHQPXOWLSOHILOHVDUHOLVWHGVWDWLVWLFV
IRUHDFKILOHRXWSXWRQDVHSDUDWHOLQHZLWKDFXPXODWLYHWRWDORXWSXWODVW
wc
90
|
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
56/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
57/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
58/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
59/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
60/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
61/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
62/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
63/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
64/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
65/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
66/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
67/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
68/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
69/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
70/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
71/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
72/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
73/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
74/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
75/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
76/261
Example1
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHZKHUHWKHVWULQJLin
uxDSSHDUVDWWKHVWDUWRIWKHOLQH
$
grep
'^Linux'
file1
Example2
'LVSOD\OLQHVLQILOHZK
HUHWKHODVWFKDUDFWHULVDQx
$
gr
ep
'x
$'
fil
e1
'LVSOD\WKHQXPEHURIH
PSW\OLQHVLQILOHE\ILQGLQJOLQHVZLWKQRWKLQJEHWZHHQWKHEHJLQQLQJ
DQGWKHHQG
$
gr
ep
-c
'^
$'
fil
e1
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHFRQWDLQLQJRQO\WKHZRUGn
ull
E\LWVHOI
$
gr
ep
'^n
ull
$'
fil
e1
Groupsandranges
Description
&KDUDFWHUVFDQEHSODFHGLQWR
JURXSVDQGUDQJHVWRPDNHUHJXODUH[SUHVVLRQVPRUHHIILFLHQWDV
VKRZQLQ7DEOHSUHYLRXVO\
Example1
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHFRQWDLQLQJLin
uxlin
uxT
ur
boLin
uxDQGVRRQ
$
grep
'[Ll]inux'
file1
Example2
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQWKUHHDGMDFHQWGLJLWV
$
gr
ep
'[0-
9][0-
9][0-
9]'
fil
e1
Example3
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHEHJLQQLQJZLWKDQ\VLQJOHFKDUDFWHURWKHUWKDQDGLJLW
$
grep
'^[^0-9]'
file1
Example4
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQWKHZKROHZRUGLinux
RUlinuxEXWQRWLinuxOSRU
TurboLinux
$
grep
'\'
file1
Example5
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHZLWKILYHRUPRUHFKDUDFWHUVRQDOLQHH[FOXGLQJWKHQHZOLQH
FKDUDFWHU
$
grep
'.....'
file1
Groupsandranges
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
|
131
GNU/Unix
Commands
Example6
'LVSOD\DOOQRQEODQNOLQHVIURPILOHLHWKDWKDYHDWOHDVWRQHFKDUDFWHU
$grep'.'file1
Example7
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQDSHULRGQRU
PDOO\DPHWDFKDUDFWHUXVLQJDQHVFDSH
$
gr
ep'
\.'fil
e1
Modifiers
Description
0RGLILHUVFKDQJHWKHPHDQLQJRIRWKHUFKDUDFWHUVLQ
DUHJXODUH[SUHVVLRQ7DEOHVKRZQ
SUHYLRXVO\OLVWVWKHVHPRGLILHUV
Example1
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQababcabcca
bcccDQGVRRQ
$
gr
ep'
abc*'fil
e1
Example2
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQabcabccabcc
cDQGVRRQEXWQRW
ab
$
gr
ep'
abcc*'fil
e1
Example3
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQWZRRUPRUH
DGMDFHQWGLJLWV
$
gr
ep'
[0-
9][0-
9][0-
9]*'fil
e1
RU$
gr
ep'
[0-
9]\{2
,\}'fil
e1
Example4
'LVSOD\OLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQfil
eEHFDXVH?
FDQPDWFK]HURRFFXUUHQFHVfil
e1RU
fil
e2$
gr
ep'fil
e[12
]\?'
fil
e1
Example5
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHFRQWDLQLQJDWOHDVWRQHGLJLW
$
gr
ep'
[0-
9]\+'fil
e1
Example6
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQ1111111RU11
111
RQDOLQHE\LWVHOI
$grep'^1\{3,5\}$'
file1
Modifiers
132
|
Chapter6:GNUandUnixCommands(Topic103)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
77/261
Example7
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQDQ\WKUHHIRXURUILYHGLJLWQXPEHU
$
grep
'\'
file1
Example8
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVIURPILOHWKDWFRQWDLQHappyhappySadsadAngryRUangry
$
gr
ep
-E
'[Hh
]appy|[Ss]ad|[A
a]n
gr
y'
fil
e1
Example9
'LVSOD\DOOOLQHVRIILOHWK
DWFRQWDLQDQ\UHSHDWHGVHTXHQFHRIabcabcabcabcabcabcDQGVRRQ
$
gr
ep
'\(abc\)\{2
,\}'
fil
e
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
78/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
79/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
80/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
81/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
82/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
83/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
84/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
85/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
86/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
87/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
88/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
89/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
90/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
91/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
92/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
93/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
94/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
95/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
96/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
97/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
98/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
99/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
100/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
101/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
102/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
103/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
104/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
105/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
106/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
107/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
108/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
109/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
110/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
111/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
112/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
113/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
114/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
115/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
116/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
117/261
$GGDOLQHWRHWFIVWDEIRUWKHQHZSDUWLWLRQ
/dev
/par
ti
ti
o
n
/mn
t/n
ew
ex
t3
def
aul
ts
1
2
7HVWWKHTXRWDV
E\VHWWLQJWKHPORZIRUDSDUWLFXODUXVHUDQGWKHQVWDUWDGGLQ
J
ILOHVDVWKDWXVH
UXQWLOWKHTXRWDLVH[FHHGHG:KDWLVWKHREVHUYDEOHFRQVH
TXHQFHRIH[FHH
GLQJWKHTXRWD"
3UDFWLFHFRQYHUWLQJWKHVHILOHPRGHVIURPRFWDOWRV\PEROLFIRUP
D
E
F
G
H
3UDFWLFHFRQYHUWLQJWKHVHILOHPRGHVIURPV\PEROLFWRRFWDOIRUP
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
118/261
9
Exam101PracticeTest
7KLVFKDSWHUZLOOJLYH
\RXDQLGHDRIZKDWNLQGVRITXHVWLRQV\RXFDQH[SHFWWRVHH
RQWKH/3,WHVW$
OOTXHVWLRQVDUHHLWKHUPXOWLSOHFKRLFHVLQJOHDQVZHUPXOWLSOH
FKRLFHPXOWLSOHDQVZ
HURUILOOLQWKHEODQN
7KHTXHVWLRQVDUHQRWGHVLJQHGWRWULFN\RXWKH\DUHGHVLJQHGWRWHVW\RXUNQRZOHG
JH
RIWKH/LQX[RSHUDWLQJV\VWHP
$VRI$
SULOWKHH[DPZHLJKWVIRUHDFK/3,H[DPKDYHEHHQVWDQGDUGL]HGWR
ZHLJKWV7KLVPHD
QVWKDWLIDQ2EMHFWLYHKDVDZHLJKWRIWKHUHZLOOEH
TXHVWLRQV
RQWKHWHVWDERXWLWHPVXQGHUWKDW2EMHFWLYH
7KHDQVZHUVIRUWKHVHVDPSOH
TXHVWLRQVDUHDWWKHHQGRIWKHFKDSWHU
Questions
:KDWNLQGRIKDUGZDUHLVUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHGHYLFHQDPHGHYKGD"
D6RXQG&DUG
E0RGHP
F,'(+DUG'
ULYH
G6&6,+DUG'ULYH
H6$7$+DUG
'ULYH
:KDWILOHVKRXOG
\RXTXHU\WRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKHUHLVDQ,54FRQIOLFWRQ
\RXUV\VWHP"
DSURFLRSRUWV
ESURFLQWHUUXSWV
FSURFFSXLQIR
GSURFPHPLQIR
HSURFLUTVWDWXV
215
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQ
JDUHDUJXPHQWV\RXFDQSDVVWRWKHNHUQHODWERRWWLPH
WRWHOOLWWRVWDUWLQUXQOHYHOVLQJOHXVHUPRGH"
DRQH
E
FVDIH
GVLQJOH
HXVHU
:KLFK
SURFHVVLVUHIHUUHGWRDVWKHPRW
KHURIDOOSURFHVVHVDQGDOZD\VKDV
3,'"
DPRWKHU
EDGPLQ
FDGPLQLVWUDWRU
GLQLW
HELRV
:KLFKORJILOHVKRXOG
\RXH[DPLQHIRULQIR
UPDWLRQDERXWWKHKDUGZDUHWKDWWKH
NHUQHOLQLWLDOL]HGDWERRWWLPH"
DYDUORJV\VORJ
EYDUORJPHVVDJHV
FYDUORJODVWORJ
GYDUORJZWPS
HYDUORJFURQ
,I\RXZDQWWRFKDQJH\RXUV\VWHPVGHIDX
OWERRWGHYLFHIURPWKHKDUGGULYHWR
WKH&'520GULYHZKHUHZRXOG
\RXPD
NHWKDWFRQILJXUDWLRQFKDQJH"
D7KHILOHERRWJUXEJUXEFRQI
E7KHILOHHWFOLORFRQI
F$QDUJXPHQWSDVVHGWRWKHNHUQHODW
ERRWWLPH
G7KH%,26
H7KHILOHHWFLQLWWDE
:KDWFRPPDQGOLQHZRXOGUHERRWDUXQQLQ
J/LQX[V\VWHPLPPHGLDWHO\IRUFLQ
J
DQIVFNRIHYHU\GULYHRQUHERRW"
DVELQVKXWGRZQU)QRZ
EVELQVKXWGRZQK)QRZ
FVELQVKXWGRZQ
GVELQVKXWGRZQUIQRZ
HVELQVKXWGRZQWI
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQ
JDUHYDOLGZD\VWRLQWHUDFWLYHO\VZLWFKDUXQQLQ
JV\VWHP
WRUXQOHYHO"
DFKUXQOHYHO
216
|
Chapter9:Exam101PracticeTest
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
119/261
EUXQOHYHO
FLQLW
GWHOLQLW
HLQLW
,I\RXKDYHFUHDWHG\RXURZQVFULSWWKDW\RXZLVKWRUXQHYHU\WLPH\RXUV\VWHP
ERRWVEXWLWPXVWUXQDIWHUDOORWKHUSURFHVVHVKDYHFRPSOHWHGZKHUHLVWKH
EHVWSODFHWRUHIHUHQFHLW"
DHWFLQLWWDE
EHWFUFGUFV\VLQLW
F$V\POLQNEHJLQQLQ
JZLWK6LQHWFUFGUFG
GHWFUFGUFORFDO
H$V\POLQNEHJLQQLQ
JZLWK.LQHWFUFGUFG
:KLFKFRPPDQ
GLVXVHGWRGLVSOD\WKHFXUUHQWPRXQWHGSDUWLWLRQVWKHLUPRXQW
SRLQWVDQGWKHDYDLODEOHIUHHVSDFHRQHDFK"
DGX
EGI
FIGLVN
GIVFN
HPRXQW
:KLFK
SDUWLWLRQ
LVGHVLJQHGWRKROGGDWDWKDWFKDQJHVRIWHQDQGLVZULWDEOHE\
DOOXVHUV"
DYDU
EKRPH
FWPS
GRSW
HV\V
:KDWGRHV0%5
VWDQGIRU"
D0DLQ%RRWLQJ5XQOHYHO
E0DLQ%ORFN
5HFRUG
F0DVWHU%RR
W5HFRUG
G0DVWHU%ORFN5HFRUG
H0DVWHU%RR
W5HVRXUFH
:KLFKRIWKHIR
OORZLQ
JOLQHVLQERRWJUXEJUXEFRQIZRXOGWHOO*58%WRXVH
WKHILUVW
SDUWLWLRQRIWKHILUVWKDUGGULYHDVWKHURRWSDUWLWLRQ"
Dr
oot
(h
d0,0)
Eboot(hd0,0)
Froot(hd1,1)
Gboot
(h
d1
,1
)
Questions
|
217
Exam101Practice
Test
Hroot(hd1,0)
:KDWILOHFRQWDLQVDOLVWRIGLUHFWRULHVWKDWDUHVHDUFKHGWRILQGVKDUHGOLEUDULHV
ZKHQDELQDU\SURJUDPLVH[HFXWHG"
DHWFORDGHUFRQI
EHWFOLEUDU\FRQI
FHWFOGVRFDFKH
GHWFOGVRFRQI
HHWFOGFRQI
)RUGLVWULEXWLRQVWKDWXVHWKH'HELDQ
SDFNDJHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPZKDWFRP
PDQGZLOOGRZQORDGDQGXSGDWHDOOLQVWDOOHG
SDFNDJHVWRWKHODWHVWDYDLODEOH
YHUVLRQ"
DDSWJHWLQVWDOO
EDSWFDFKHXSGDWH
FDSWJHWXSGDWH
GDSWFDFKHLQVWDOO
HGSNJL
,I,GRZQORDGDGHESDFNDJHpack
ageGHEDQGZLVKWRLQVWDOOLWZKDWVWKHEHVW
FRPPDQGWRXVH"
DGSNJLSDFNDJHGHE
EDSWJHWLQVWDOOSDFNDJHGHE
FDSWLQVWDOOSDFNDJHGHE
GGSNJSDFNDJHGHE
H1RQHRIWKHDERYH
)RUGLVWULEXWLRQVWKDWXVHWKH5HG+DW
SDFNDJHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPZKDW
FRPPDQGZLOOOLVWDOOSDFNDJHVFXUUHQWO\LQVWDOOHG"
DUSPTD
EUSPL
FUSP8YK
GUSPOLVW
HUSPDOO
)RUGLVWULEXWLRQVWKDWXVHWKH5HG+DW
SDFNDJHPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPZKDW
FRPPDQGZLOOGRZQORDGDQGXSGDWHDOOLQVWDOOHGSDFNDJHVWRWKHODWHVWDYDLODEOH
YHUVLRQ"
D\XPXSGDWH
E\XPLQVWDOO
F\XPFRQILJ
G\XPOLVWDYDLODEOH
H\XPGRZQORDG
218
|
Chapter9:Exam101PracticeTest
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
120/261
:KDWRSWLRQV
WRUSPZLOOLQVWUXFWUSPWRUXQDYHULILFDWLRQFKHFNRQDOOSDFN
DJHVLQVWDOOHGRQWKHV\VWHP"
DUSPYHULI\
DOO
EUSP9D
FUSPTD
GUSPFKHFN
HUSPF
:KDWFRPPDQG
LVXVHGWRGLVSOD\DOLVWRIGLUHFWRULHVWKHVKHOOZLOOVHDUFKLQWR
ILQGDFRPPDQG
WKDWKDVEHHQHQWHUHG"
DVKRZ0W[W@
HOVW[W
:KDWRSWLRQFDQEHSDVVHGWRELQOVWRGLVSOD\HYHU\ILOHWKDWVWDUWVZLWKWKH
OHWWHUVDERUF"
DOVDEF
EOVDEF
FOVADEF
GOV>DEF@
HOV>DEF@
220
|
Chapter9:Exam101PracticeTest
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
121/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
122/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
123/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
124/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
125/261
1
0
Exam101HighlightersIndex
SystemArchite
cture
Objective101.1:DetermineandConfigureHardwareSettings
PCBIOS
7KH%,26LVWKH
3&VILUPZDUH
7KH%,26VHWVG
DWHDQGWLPHIRURQERDUGFORFNVWRUDJHGHYLFHFRQILJXUDWLRQ
DQGVRRQYLDP
HQXV
Resourceassignments
,QWHUUXSWV,54VDOORZSHULSKHUDOVWRLQWHUUXSWWKH&38
,2DGGUHVVHVDUHORFDWLRQVLQWKHSURFHVVRUVPHPRU\PDSIRUKDUGZDUH
GHYLFHV
8VHIXOILOHVWR
TXHU\IRUKDUGZDUHLQIRUPDWLRQSURFLQWHUUXSWVSURFLR
SRUWVSURFFSXLQIRSURFGHYLFHV
8VHIXOFRPPDQ
GVWRUXQIRUKDUGZDUHLQIRUPDWLRQVELQOVSFLVELQOVXVE
'0$DOORZVFHUWDLQGHYLFHVWRZRUNGLUHFWO\ZLWKPHPRU\IUHHLQ
JWKHSURFHVVRU
VHH7DEOH
7DEOH&RPPRQG
HYLFHVHWWLQJV
Device
I/Oaddress
IRQ
DMA
ttyS0(COM1)
3f8
4
NA
ttyS1(COM2)
2f8
3
NA
ttyS2(COM3)
3e8
4
NA
ttyS3(COM4)
2e8
3
NA
lp0(LPT1)
378-37f
7
3(ifconfiguredintheBIOS)
229
Device
I/Oaddress
IRQ
DMA
lp1(LPT2)
278-27f
5
NA
fd0,fd1(floppies1and2)
3f0-3f7
6
2
Objective101.2:BoottheSystem
Bootorder
3RZHURQ%,26%RRW/RDGHU.HUQHOLQLWVWDUWX
SVHUYLFHVVKHOO
Information
7KHFRPPDQGGPHVJFDQEHXVHGWRYLHZ
WKHRXWSXWRIWKHERRWSURFHVV
7KHLQLWSURFHVVLVDOZD\V3,'DQGLVWKHSDUHQWRIDOORWKHUSURFHVVHV
Objective101.3:ChangeRunlevelsandShutDownorRebootSystem
Runlevels
'HIDXOWVDUHGHILQHGLQ7DEOH
7DEOH'HIDXOW5XQOHYHOV
Runlevel
Description
0
Halt
1
Single-usermode
2
Multiuser,withoutNFS
3
Fullmultiusermode,withoutX
4
Unused
5
Fullmultiusermode,withX
6
Reboot
5XQOHYHOVFDQEHFKDQJHGRQWKHIO\ZLWK
LQLWUXQOHYHO!RUWHOLQLWUXQOHYHO!
7KHGHIDXOWUXQOHYHOLVVWRUHGLQWKHILOHH
WFLQLWWDE
7KHLQLWSURFHVVZLOOUXQWKHVFULSWVLQHWFUFGUF;GZKHUH;LV
\RXUGHIDXOW
UXQOHYHOLQRUGHUVHQGLQ
JDVWR
S
SDUDPHWHUWRVFULSWVWKDWVWDUWZLWK.DQG
DVWDUW
SDUDPHWHUWRVFULSWVWKDWVWDUWZLWK6
LinuxInstallationandPackageM
anagement
Objective102.1:DesignHardDiskLayout
.HHSVPDOOE\GLVWULEXWLQJODUJHUSDUWVRIWKHGLUHFWRU\WUHHWRRWKHUILOHV\VWHPV
6HSDUDWHDVPDOOERRWSDUWLWLRQEHORZF\OLQGHUIRUNHUQHOV
6HSDUDWHYDULQWRLWVRZQ
SDUWLWLRQWRSUH
YHQWUXQDZD\OR
JVIURPILOOLQ
J
230
|
Chapter10:Exam101HighlightersIndex
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
126/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
127/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
128/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
129/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
130/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
131/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
132/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
133/261
7KHPHGLDGLUH
FWRU\LVRIWHQXVHGE\GLVWULEXWLRQVDVDSODFHWRDXWRPRXQW
KRWSOX
JGHYLFHVVXFKDV86%GULYHV
7DEOH)LHOG
VIRXQGLQWKHHWFIVWDEILOH
Entry
Description
Device
Thedevicefileforthepartitionholdingthefilesystem.
Mountpoint
Thedirectoryuponwhichthefilesystemistobemounted.
Filesystemtype
Afilesystemtype,suchasext3.
Mountoptions
Acomma-separatedlist.
Dumpfrequency
Forusewith
dum
p.
Passnumberforfsck
Usedatboottime.
Mountingandunmounting
7KHIROORZLQ
JFRPP
DQGVDUHXVHGWRPRXQWDQGXQPRXQWILOHV\VWHPV
PRXQWdevi
ce
PRXQWdir
ector
y
PRXQWdevi
ce
dir
ecto
ry
0RXQWILOHV\VWH
PVRQWRWKHKLHUDUFK
\7KHILUVWDQGVHFRQGIRUPVFRQ
VXOWHWFIVWDEIRUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQ
XPRXQWdevi
ce
XPRXQWdir
ector
y
8QPRXQWWKHILOHV\VWHPRQdevi
ceRUPRXQWLWRQ
dir
ector
y
Filesystemtypes
&RPPRQILOHV\VWHP
W\SHVFRPSDWLEOHZLWK/LQX[LQFOXGH
H[W7KHVWDQGDUG/LQX[ILOHV\VWHP
H[W$
MRXUQDOLQJILOH
V\VWHPWKDWLVEDFNZDUGFRP
SDWLEOHZLWKH[W
LVR7KHVWDQGDUG&'520IRUPDW
YIDW7KH0LFURVRIW:
LQGRZV)$7ILOHV\VWHP
QIV5HPRWHVHUYHUV
SURF$V\VWHPDEVWUDFWLRQIRUDFFHVVWRNHUQHOSDUDPHWHUV
VZDS6Z
DSSDUWLWLRQV
Devices,LinuxFilesystems,andtheFilesystemHierarchyStandard
|
245
Exam101High-
lightersIndex
Objective104.4:SetandViewDiskQuota
s
Quotatypes
3HUXVHUKDUG
7KHPD[LPXPVL]HIRUDQLQGLYLGXDO
3HUXVHUVRIW
$ZDUQLQ
JWKUHVKROG
3HUJURXSKDUG
7KHPD[LPXPVL]HIRUDJURXS
3HUJURXSVRIW
$ZDUQLQ
JWKUHVKROG
*UDFHSHULRG
$WLPHUHVWULFWLRQRQWKHVRIWOLPLW
Commands
TXRWDuser
TXRWDJ
gr
oup
'LVSOD\
TXRWDOLPLWVRQuserRU
gr
oup
TXRWDRQ>fil
esystem
s@
(QDEOH
SUHYLRXVO\FRQILJXUHGGLVN
TXRWDV
RQRQHRUPRUH
fil
esystem
s
TXRWDRII>fil
esystem
s@
'LVDEOHGLVN
TXRWDVRQRQHRUPRUH
fil
esy
stem
s
TXRWDFKHFN>fil
esystem
s@
([DPLQHILOHV\VWHPVDQGFRP
SLOH
TXRWDG
DWDEDVHV8VXDOO\UXQYLDFURQ
HGTXRWDn
am
es
0RGLI\XVHURUJURXSTXRWDVE\VSDZQLQ
JDWH[WHGLWRU
UHSTXRWDfil
esystem
s
'LVSOD\DVXPPDU\UHSRUWRI
TXRWDVWDWXVIRU
fil
esystem
sRUXVHDIRUDOO
ILOHV\VWHPV(QDEOLQ
JTXRWDVUHTXLUHVusrquota
DQGRUgrpquota
RSWLRQV
LQHWFIVWDEFUHDWLRQRITXRWDXVHU
DQGTXRWDJURXSILOHVDWWKH
WRSRIWKHILOHV\VWHPDTXRWDFKHFNDQGDTXRWDRQ
Objective104.5:ManageFilePermissionsandOwnership
Accesscontrol
$FFHVVFRQWUROLVLP
SOHPHQWHGXVLQJDVHWRISURSHUWLHVFDOOHGWKHDFFHVVPRGH
VWRUHGLQWKHLQRGH7KUHHFODVVHVRIXVHUDUHGHILQHG
246
|
Chapter10:Exam101HighlightersIndex
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
134/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
135/261
Thedirectoryhierarchy
7KHURRWILOHV\VWHP
0XVWFRQWDLQXWLOLWLHVDQGILOHVVXIILFLHQWWRERRWWKHRSHUDWLQJV\VWHPLQ
FOXGLQ
JWKHD
ELOLW\WRPRXQWRWKHUILOHV\VWHPV
6KRXOGFRQWD
LQWKHXWLOLWLHVQHHGHGE\WKHV\VWHPDGPLQLVWUDWRUWRUHSDLURU
UHVWRUHDGDP
DJHGV\VWHP
6KRXOGEHUHODWLYHO\VPDOO
XVUFRQWDLQVV\VWHPXWLOLWLHVDQGSUR
JUDPVWKDWGRQRWDSSHDULQWKHURRW
ILOHV\VWHP,WLQFOXGHVGLUHFWRULHVVXFKDVELQOLEORFDODQGVUF
YDUFRQWDLQVYD
U\LQJGDWDVXFKDVSULQWHUVSRROVDQGOR
JILOHVLQFOXGLQ
JGLUHF
WRULHVVXFKDVORJPDLODQGVSRRO
Locatingfiles
9DULRXVPHWKRG
VFDQEHXVHGWRORFDWHILOHVLQWKHILOHV\VWHP
ZKLFKcomm
an
d
'HWHUPLQH
WKHORFDWLRQRIcomm
an
d
DQGGLVSOD\WKHIXOO
SDWKQDPHRIWKH
H[HFXWDEOH
SURJUDPWKDWWKHVKHOOZRXOGODXQFKWRH[HFXWHLW
ILQGpath
s
expr
es
sion
6HDUFKIRUILOHVWKDWPDWFKexpr
essi
onVWDUWLQJDWpath
s
DQGFRQWLQXLQ
J
UHFXUVLYHO\
ORFDWHpattern
s
/RFDWHILOHVZKRVHQDPHVPDWFKRQHRUPRUH
pattern
s
E\VHDUFKLQ
JDQ
LQGH[RIILOHVSUHYLRXVO\FUHDWHG
XSGDWHGE5HIUHVKRU
FUHDWHWKHVORFDWHGDWDEDVHXVXDOO\YLDFURQ
ZKDWLVk
eyw
or
ds
DSURSRVk
eyw
or
ds
6HDUFKWKHZKDWLVGDWDEDVHIRUk
eyw
or
dsZKDWLVILQGVRQO\H[DFWPDWFKHV
ZKHUHDVDSURSRVILQGVSDUWLDOZRUGPDWFKHV
Devices,LinuxFilesystems,andtheFilesystemHierarchyStandard
|
249
Exam101High-
lightersIndex
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
136/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
137/261
1
2
Exam102StudyGuide
7KHVHFRQGSDUWRIWKLVERRNFRQWDLQVDVHFWLRQIRUHDFKRIWKHVL[7RSLFVIRXQGRQ
([DPIRU/3,&
/HYHOFHUWLILFDWLRQ(DFKRIWKHIROORZLQ
JWDEOHVGHWDLOVWKH
2EMHFWLYHVGHVFULEHG
IRUWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQ
J7RSLFRQWKH/3,ZHEVLWH
ExamPreparation
/3,([DPLVWKRURXJKEXWLI
\RXKDYHDVROLGIRXQGDWLRQLQ/LQX[FRQFHSWVDV
GHVFULEHGKHUH\RX
VKRXOGILQGLWVWUDLJKWIRUZDUG,I
\RXYHDOUHDG\WDNHQ([DP
\RXOOILQGWKDW([DPFRYHUVDEURDGHUUDQ
JHRI/LQX[DGPLQLVWUDWLRQVNLOOV
,QFOXGHGDUHXVHULQWHUIDFHVSULQWLQJGRFXPHQWDWLRQVKHOOVDQGVFULSWLQJDGPLQ
LVWUDWLYHWDVNVQHWZRUNLQ
JIXQGDPHQWDOVV\VWHPVHUYLFHVDQGVHFXULW\([DP
LVTXLWHVSHFLILFRQVRPH7RSLFVVXFKDVQHWZRUNDSSOLFDWLRQVIRUH[DPSOH6HQG
PDLOEXW\RXZRQ
WFRPHDFURVVTXHVWLRQVLQWHQGHGWRWULFN\RXDQG\RXUH
XQOLNHO\WRILQGTXHV
WLRQVWKDW\RXIHHODUHDPELJXRXV
)RUFODULW\WKLVPDWHULDOLV
SUHVHQWHGLQWKHVDPHRUGHUDVWKH/3,7RSLFVDQG2E
MHFWLYHV7RDVVLVW\R
XZLWK
\RXU
SUHSDUDWLRQ7DEOHWKURXJK
SURYLGHD
FRPSOHWHOLVWLQ
JRIWKH7RSLFVDQG2EMHFWLYHVIRU([DP%HFDXVHRIFKDQJHV
PDGHGXULQ
JWHVWGHYHORSPHQWWKHILQDO2EMHFWLYHVDUHQRWDOZD\VLQH[DFWQXPHULFDO
RUGHU$IWHU
\RXFRP
SOHWH\RXUVWXG\RIHDFK2EMHFWLYHVLPSO\FKHFNLWRIIKHUHWR
PHDVXUHDQGRUJDQL]
H\RXU
SUR
JUHVV
7DEOH6KHOOV6FULSWLQJDQG'DWD0DQDJHPHQW7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
4
CustomizeandUsetheShellEnvironment
2
4
CustomizeorWriteSimpleScripts
3
2
SQLDataManagement
253
7DEOH7KH;:LQGRZ6\VWHP7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
2
InstallandConfigureX11
2
2
SetUpaDisplayManager
3
1
Accessibility
7DEOH$GPLQLVWUDWLYH7DVNV7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
5
ManageUserandGroupAccountsandRelatedSystemFiles
2
4
AutomateSystemAdministrationTasksbySchedulingJobs
3
3
LocalizationandInternationalization
7DEOH(VVHQWLDO6\VWHP6HUYLFHV7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
3
MaintainSystemTime
2
2
SystemLogging
3
3
MailTransferAgent(MTA)Basics
4
2
ManagePrintersandPrinting
7DEOH1HWZRUNLQJ)XQGDPHQWDOV7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
4
FundamentalsofInternetProtocols
2
4
BasicNetworkConfiguration
3
4
BasicNetworkTroubleshooting
4
2
ConfiguringClientSideDNS
7DEOH6HFXULW\7RSLF
Objective
Weight
Description
1
3
PerformSecurityAdministrationTasks
2
3
SetUpHostSecurity
3
3
SecuringDatawithEncryption
254
|
Chapter12:Exam102StudyGuide
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
138/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
139/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
140/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
141/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
142/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
143/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
144/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
145/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
146/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
147/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
148/261
case
Syntaxc
ase
strin
g
in
pattern1
)
comm
an
ds1
;;
pattern2
)
comm
an
ds2
;;
...
esac
Description
&KRRVHstring
IURPDP
RQJDVHULHVRISRVVLEOHSDWWHUQV7KHVH
SDWWHUQVXVHWKHVDPHIRUPDV
ILOHJOREVZLOGFDUGV,IstringPDWFKHVSDWWHUQpattern1SHUIRUPWKHVXEVHTXHQWcommands1
,IVWULQJPDWFKHVpattern
2SHUIRUPcommands23URFHHGGRZQWKHOLVWRISDWWHUQVXQWLORQHLV
IRXQG7RFDWFKDOOUHP
DLQLQJVWULQJVXVH*)DWWKHHQG
continue
Syntaxc
on
tin
ue
[n
]
Description
6NLSUHPDLQLQJFRPPDQGVLQDf
orwhil
eRUun
til
ORRSUHVXPLQJZLWKWKHQH[WLWHUDWLRQRI
WKHORRSRUVNLSSLQJnORRSV
echo
Syntaxe
cho
[opti
on
s]
[s
trin
g]
Description
:ULWHstringWRVWDQGDU
GRXWSXWWHUPLQDWHGE\DQHZOLQH,IQRVWULQJLVVXSSOLHGHFKRRQO\D
QHZOLQH6RPH/LQX[GLVWULEXWLRQVKDYHDYHUVLRQRIHFKRDWELQHFKR,IWKDWLVWKHFDVHWKH
EXLOWLQEDVKYHUVLRQRIHFKRZLOOXVXDOO\WDNHSUHFHGHQFH
Frequentlyusedoptions
H
(QDEOHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIHVFDSHFKDUDFWHUV
Q
6XSSUHVVWKHWUDLOLQJQHZOLQHLQWKHRXWSXW
echo
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
|
275
Shells,Scripting,
DataManagement
Usefulspecialcharacters
?D
6RXQGDQDXGLEOHDOHUW
?E
,QVHUWDEDFNVSDFH
?F
6XSSUHVVWKHWUDLOLQJQHZOLQHVDPHDV-n
?I
)RUPIHHG
exit
Syntaxe
xi
t
[n
]
Description
([LWDVKHOOVFULSWZLWKVWDWXVn7KHYDOXHIRUn
FDQ
EHVXFFHVVRUQRQ]HURIDLOXUH,In
LV
QRWJLYHQWKHH[LWVWDWXVLVWKDWRIWKHPRVWUHFHQWFR
PPDQG
Example
if!test-fsomefile
then
echo"Error:Missingfilesomefile"
exi
t1
fi
for
Syntaxf
or
x
inli
st
do
comm
an
ds
done
Description
$VVLJQHDFKZRUGLQlistWRxLQWXUQDQGH[HFXWHcomma
nds,IlistLVRPLWWHGLWLVDVVXPHGWKDW
SRVLWLRQDOSDUDPHWHUVIURPWKHFRPPDQGOLQHZKLFKDUHVWRUHGLQ
$@DUHWREHXVHG
Example
forfilenameinbigfile*;do
echo"Compressing$filename"
gzi
p
$fil
en
am
e
don
e
exit
276
|
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
149/261
function
Syntaxf
un
cti
on
nam
e
{
comm
an
ds
}
Description
'HILQHIXQFWLRQname3RVLWLRQDOSDUDPHWHUV$1
$2FDQEHXVHGZLWKLQcommands
Example
#
fun
cti
on
myf
un
c
{
ech
o
"par
am
eter
is
$1"
}#
myfunc
1
par
am
eter
is
1
#
myf
un
c
tw
o
par
am
eter
is
tw
o
getopts
Syntaxg
etopts
strin
g
na
me
[ar
gs]
Description
3URFHVVFRPPDQGOLQH
DUJXPHQWVRUargsLIVSHFLILHGDQGFKHFNIRUOHJDORSWLRQV7KH
JHWRSWVLVXVHGLQVKHOOVFULSWORRSVDQGLVLQWHQGHGWRHQVXUHVWDQGDUGV\QWD[IRUFRPPDQGOLQH
RSWLRQV7KHstring
FRQWDLQVWKHRSWLRQOHWWHUVWREHUHFRJQL]HGE\JHWRSWVZKHQUXQQLQJWKH
VFULSW9DOLGRSWLRQVDUHSURFHVVHGLQWXUQDQGVWRUHGLQWKHVKHOOYDULDEOHname,IDQRSWLRQ
OHWWHULVIROORZHGE\DFRORQWKHRSWLRQPXVWEHIROORZHGE\RQHRUPRUHDUJXPHQWVZKHQWKH
FRPPDQGLVHQWHUHGE\
WKHXVHU
ifSyntaxi
f
expr
essi
on1
then
comm
an
ds1
elif
expr
essi
on2
then
comm
an
ds2
el
se
comm
an
ds
fi
if
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
|
277
Shells,Scripting,
DataManagement
Description
7KHLIFRPPDQGLVXVHGWRGHILQHDFRQGLWLRQDOVWDWHPHQW7KHUHDUHWKUHHSRVVLEOHIRUPDWVIRU
XVLQJWKHLIFRPPDQG
if-then-fi
if-
th
en-
el
se-fi
if-
th
en-
elif-
th
en-
...fi
kill
Syntaxk
ill
[opti
on
s]
IDs
Description
6HQGVLJQDOVWRHDFKVSHFLILHGSURFHVVRUMRE,'ZKLFK
\RXPXVWRZQXQOHVV
\RXDUHDSULYLOHJHG
XVHU7KHGHIDXOWVLJQDOVHQWZLWKWKHNLOOFRPPDQGLVT
ERMLQVWUXFWLQJ
SURFHVVHVWRVKXWGRZQ
Options
O
/LVWWKHVLJQDOQDPHV
VsignalRU-signal
6SHFLI\WKHVLJQDOQXPEHURUQDPH
read
Syntaxr
ead
[opti
on
s]
vari
abl
e1
[v
ari
abl
e2
...]
Description
5HDGRQHOLQHRIVWDQGDUGLQSXWDQGDVVLJQHDFKZR
UGWRWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJYDULDEOHZLWKDOO
UHPDLQLQJZRUGVDVVLJQHGWRWKHODVWYDULDEOH
Example
echo-n"Enterlast-name,
age,height,and
weight>"
readlastnameeverythingelse
ech
o
$l
astn
am
e
ech
o
$ev
er
ythin
gel
ese
7KHQDPHHQWHUHGLV
SODFHGLQYDULDEOH$l
astn
am
eDOORIWKHRWKHUYDOXHVLQFOXGLQJWKHVSDFHV
EHWZHHQWKHPDUHSODFHGLQ
$ev
er
ythin
gel
se
kill
278
|
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
150/261
return
Syntaxr
eturn
[n
]
Description
7KLVFRPPDQGLVXVHG
LQVLGHDIXQFWLRQGHILQLWLRQWRH[LWWKHIXQFWLRQZLWKVWDWXVn,In
LV
RPLWWHGWKHH[LWVWDWXV
RIWKHSUHYLRXVO\H[HFXWHGFRPPDQGLVUHWXUQHG
seq
Syntaxs
eq
[OPTI
ON
]...
LA
ST
seq
[OPTI
ON
]...
FIR
ST
LA
ST
seq
[OPTI
ON]...
FIRST
INCREMENT
LAST
Description
3ULQWDVHTXHQFHRIQXP
EHUV7KLVLVXVHIXOLQf
orDQGwhil
e
ORRSV
Frequentlyusedoptions
Z
(TXDOL]HWKHRXWSXWVZLGWKE\SDGGLQJZLWKOHDGLQJ]HURV
IRUIRUPDW)250$7
8VHWKHSULQWIVW\OHIORDWLQJSRLQW)250$7
Example
year=
$(date
+%Y
)
#
get
curr
en
t
year
for
mon
th
in
$(seq
-w
1
12
)
{m
on
thn
am
e=
$(date
-d
"${year
}-
${m
on
th
}-
01"
+%B)
ech
o
"M
on
th
$m
on
th
is
$m
on
thn
am
e"
}Mon
th
01
is
Jan
uar
y
Mon
th
02
is
Febr
uar
y
Month
03
is
March
Month
04
is
April
Mon
th
05
is
May
Mon
th
06
is
Jun
e
Mon
th
07
is
Jul
y
Month
08
is
August
Month
09
is
September
Mon
th
10
is
October
Mon
th
11
is
Nov
em
ber
Mon
th
12
is
Decem
ber
seq
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
|
279
Shells,Scripting,
DataManagement
shift
Syntaxs
hif
t
[n
]
Description
6KLIWSRVLWLRQDOSDUDPHWHUVGRZQnHOHPHQWV,InLVR
PLWWHGWKHGHIDXOWLVVR
$2
EHFRPHV$1
$3
EHFRPHV$2DQGVRRQ
source
Syntaxs
our
ce
fil
e
[ar
gum
en
ts]
.
fil
e
[ar
gum
en
ts]
Description
5HDGDQGH[HFXWHOLQHVLQfile7KHfile
GRHVQRW
QHHGWREHH[HFXWDEOHEXWPXVWEHLQD
GLUHFWRU\OLVWHGLQPATH7KHGRWV\QWD[LVHTXLYDOHQW
WRVWDWLQJsour
ce
test
Syntaxt
est
expr
essi
on
[
expr
essi
on
]
Description
(YDOXDWHWKHFRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQDQGUHWXUQDVWD
WXVRIWUXHRUIDOVH7KHILUVWIRUP
H[SOLFLWO\FDOOVRXWWKHWHVWFRPPDQG7KHVHFRQGIRUPLP
SOLHVWKHWHVWFRPPDQG7KHVSDFHV
DURXQGexpression
DUHUHTXLUHGLQWKHVHFRQGIRUPe
xpression
LVFRQVWUXFWHGXVLQJRSWLRQV
6RPH/LQX[GLVWULEXWLRQVKDYHDYHUVLRQRIWHVWDWX
VUELQWHVW,IWKDWLVWKHFDVHWKHEXLOWLQ
EDVKYHUVLRQRIWHVWZLOOXVXDOO\WDNHSUHFHGHQFH
Frequentlyusedoptions
Gfile7UXH
LIfileH[LVWVDQGLVDGLUHFWRU\
Hfile7UXH
LIfileH[LVWV
Ifile7
UXHLIfileH[LVWVDQGLVDUHJXODUILOH
/file
7UXHLIfileH[LVWVDQGLVDV\PEROLFOLQN
Qstring
7UXHLIWKHOHQJWKRIstringLVQRQ]HUR
shift
280
|
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
151/261
Ufile7UXH
LIfileH[LVWV
DQGLVUHDGDEOH
Vfile7UXH
LIfileH[LVWV
DQGKDVDVL]HJUHDWHUWKDQ]HUR
Zfile
7UXHLIfileH[LVWV
DQGLVZULWDEOH
[file7UXH
LIfileH[LVWV
DQGLVH[HFXWDEOH
]string
7UXHLIWKHOHQJWKRIstringLV]HUR
file1-RWfile2
7UXHLIfile1LVROG
HUWKDQfile2
string1=
string2
7UXHLIWKHVWULQJV
DUHHTXDO
string1
!=
string2
7UXHLIWKHVWULQJV
DUHQRWHTXDO
Example
7RGHWHUPLQHLIDILOHH[
LVWVDQGLVUHDGDEOHXVHWKHURSWLRQ
if
test
-r
fil
e
th
en
ech
o
"fil
e
exi
sts"
fi
8VLQJWKH[
]
IRUPLQVWHDGWKHVDPHWHVWORRNVOLNHWKLV
if
[
-r
fil
e
]
th
en
ech
o
"fil
e
exi
sts"
fi
until
Syntaxu
ntil
test-
comm
an
ds
do
comm
an
ds
done
Description
([HFXWHtest-commandsXVXDOO\DWHVWFRPPDQGDQGLIWKHH[LWVWDWXVLVQRQ]HURWKDWLVWKH
WHVWIDLOVSHUIRUP
comm
an
ds
DQGUHSHDW2
SSRVLWHRIwhil
e
until
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
|
281
Shells,Scripting,
DataManagement
while
Syntaxw
hil
e
test-
comm
an
ds
do
comm
an
ds
don
e
Description
([HFXWHtest-commands
XVXDOO\DWHVWFRPPDQGDQ
GLIWKHH[LWVWDWXVLVQRQ]HURWKDWLVWKH
WHVWIDLOVSHUIRUP
comm
an
ds
DQGUHSHDW2SSRVLWHRIun
til
Example
([DP
SOHVKRZVDW\SLFDOVFULSWIURPD/LQX[
V\VWHP7KLVH[DPSOHLVHWFUFGLQLWG
VHQGPDLOZKLFKLVWKHVFULSWWKDWVWDUWVDQGVWRSV6HQGPDLO7KLVVFULSWGHPRQVWUDWHVPDQ\RI
WKHEXLOWLQFRPPDQGVUHIHUHQFHGLQWKHODVWVHFWLRQ
([DPSOH6DPSOHVHQGPDLOVWDUWXSVFULSW
#!/bin/bash
##
sen
dm
ail
Thi
s
sh
ell
scri
pt
tak
es
car
e
of
star
tin
g
an
d
stoppin
g
#
sen
dm
ail
.
##
chk
confi
g:2
345
80
30
#
descri
pti
on:
Sen
dm
aili
s
aM
ailTr
an
spor
t
Age
nt,
whi
chi
s
th
e
pr
ogr
am
\
#
th
atm
ov
esm
ailfr
om
on
em
achin
e
to
an
oth
er
.
#
pr
ocessn
am
e:
sen
dm
ail
#
confi
g:
/etc/m
ail
/sen
dm
ail
.cf
#pidfile:/var/run/sendmail.pid
#
Sour
cef
un
cti
onli
br
ar
y.
.
/etc/r
c.d/ini
t.d/f
un
cti
on
s
#
Sour
cen
etw
orkin
g
confi
gur
ati
on
.
[-f
/etc/sysconfi
g/n
etw
ork
]
&&
.
/etc/sysconf
ig/n
etw
ork
#Sourcesendmailconfigureation.
if
[-f
/etc/sysconfi
g/sen
dm
ail
]
;
th
en
.
/etc/sysconfi
g/sen
dm
ail
el
se
DAEMON=no
QUEUE=1h
fi
[-z"
$SM
QUE
UE"
]
&&
SM
QUE
UE="
$QUE
UE"
[-z"$SMQUEUE"]&&SMQUEUE=1h
#Checkthatnetworkingisup.
["
${NETW
ORKIN
G}"="n
o"
]
&&
exi
t
0
[-f/usr/sbin/sendmail]||exit0
while
282
|
Chapter13:Shells,Scripting,andDataManagement(Topic105)
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
152/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
153/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
154/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
155/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
156/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
157/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
158/261
WDEOHV7KLVHQVXUHV
WKDWZHNQRZZKLFK
SHWEHORQ
JVWRZKLFKIDPLO\$V\RXFDQ
VHHWKHIDPLO\BLGFROXPQLVQRWDSULPDU\NH\EHFDXVHLWGRHVQRWQHHGWREHXQLTXH
)DPLOLHVFDQKDYHPXOWLSOH
SHWVDVWKH:KLWHIDPLO\GRHVLQRXUH[DPSOH
$OWKRXJKWKLV6(/(&7VWDWHPHQWGLGQRWDFWXDOO\XVHWKH-2,1V\QWD[LWLVDQH[
DPSOHRIWKHVLPSOHVWNLQGRIMRLQ1RWLFHWKDWZHDUHPLVVLQ
JDIDPLO\IURPRXU
UHVXOWVKRZHYHUWKH&DUSHQWHUIDPLO\GRHVQRWKDYHDQ\SHWVVRRXU6(/(&7
VWDWHPHQWGLGQRWVH
OHFWWKHP,IZHZDQWIDPLOLHVWRGLVSOD\LQWKHRXWSXWHYHQLI
WKH\GRQRWKDYHSHWVZHQHHGWRXVHWKH/()7-2,1V\QWD[7KLVLVIXQFWLRQDOO\
YHU\VLPLODUWRWKHSUHYLRXVMRLQRIWZRWDEOHVEXWLWGLIIHUVLQWZRLP
SRUWDQWZD\V
WKHV\QWD[LV
TXLWHD
ELWGLIIHUHQWDQGEHFDXVHVSHFLDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQLV
JLYHQWRWKH
WDEOHRQWKH/()7HDFKLWHPSUHVHQWLQWKHOHIWWDEOHZLOOGLVSOD\LQWKHUHVXOWVHYHQ
LIWKHUHLVQRWDPDWFKZLWKWKHRWKHUMRLQHGWDEOH&RPSDUHWKHRXWSXWRIWKLV/()7
-2,1VWDWHPHQWZLWK
WKHSUHYLRXVMRLQRXWSXW
mysql>
select
families.id,
families.father_name,
families.mother_name,
->
pets.type,
pets.name
from
families
->
LEFT
JOIN
pets
on
famili
es.i
d
=
pets.f
amil
y_i
d;
+----+----------------+-----------------+------+-------+
|
id
|
fath
er
_n
am
e
|
moth
er
_n
am
e
|
type
|
nam
e
|
+----+----------------+-----------------+------+-------+
|
1
|
Joe
Smi
th
|
Jan
Smi
th
|
dog
|
Max
|
|
3
|
Ken
An
der
son
|
Mar
y
An
der
son
|
cat
|
Paw
s
|
|
4
|
Adam
Whi
te
|
Tin
a
Whi
te
|
cat
|
Muff
y
|
|
4
|
Adam
White
|
Tina
White
|
dog
|
Rover
|
|
5
|
Bill
Carpenter
|
Linda
Carpenter
|
NULL
|
NULL
|
+----+----------------+-----------------+------+-------+
5
row
s
in
set
(0.01
sec)
7KH&DUSHQWHUIDPLO
\QRZDSSHDUVLQWKHTXHU\UHVXOWVEXWZLWK18//YDOXHVIRU
W\SHDQGQDPHVLQFH
WKH\GLGQRWKDYHDFRUUHVSRQGLQ
JUHFRUGLQWKHSHWVWDEOH:H
XVHGWKHPRUHGHWDLOHG6(/(&7V\QWD[LQWKLVH[DPSOHNHHSLQ
JWKHIXOOWDEOHQDPHV
LQVWHDGRIDOLDVLQ
JWKHPZLWK
a
DQGb
EXWWKHTXHULHVDUHWKHVDPHWKHDOLDVLQJLV
MXVW
IRUUHDGDELOLW\
OntheExam
64/FDQEHDFRP
SOLFDWHGVXEMHFWEXWWKH/3,H[DPZLOOWHVW
\RXRQO\RQWKH
EDVLFV\QWD[RIDG
GLQJDQGTXHU\LQJGDWD0DNHVXUH
\RXDUHIDPLOLDUZLWKWKH
FRPPRQHOHPHQWV
RI,16(57DQG6(/(&7VWDWHPHQWVDQGFDQGHVFULEHWKHYDU
LRXVGDWDW\SHVDYDLODEOHLQ0
\64/
Objective3:SQLDataManagement
|
295
Shells,Scripting,
DataManagement
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
159/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
160/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
161/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
162/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
163/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
164/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
165/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
166/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
167/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
168/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
169/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
170/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
171/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
172/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
173/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
174/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
175/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
176/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
177/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
178/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
179/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
180/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
181/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
182/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
183/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
184/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
185/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
186/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
187/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
188/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
189/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
190/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
191/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
192/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
193/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
194/261
7DEOH2SWLRQVWR
FXSVFRQILJ
Option
Description
--cflags
Displaysthen
ecessarycompileroptions.
--datadir
DisplaysthedefaultCUPSdatadirectory.
--help
Displaystheprogramusagemessage.
--ldflags
Displaysthen
ecessarylinkeroptions.
--libs
Displaysthen
ecessarylibrariestolinkto.
--serverbin
DisplaysthedefaultCUPSbinarydirectory,wherefiltersandbackendsarestored.
--serverroot
DisplaysthedefaultCUPSconfigurationfiledirectory.
OntheExam
%HIDPLOLDUZLWKWKH&836ORJILOHVDQGKRZWRLQWHUSUHWWKHPWRWURXEOHVKRRW
SULQWLQJLVVXHV
TroubleshootingGeneralPrintingProblems
|
367
ManagePrinters
andPrinting
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
195/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
196/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
197/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
198/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
199/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
200/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
201/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
202/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
203/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
204/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
205/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
206/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
207/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
208/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
209/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
210/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
211/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
212/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
213/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
214/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
215/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
216/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
217/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
218/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
219/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
220/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
221/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
222/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
223/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
224/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
225/261
3
'RQRWFRQYHUWSR
UWQXPEHUVWRSRUWQDPHVIRUH[DPSOHVKRZ2
5LQVWHDGRIsm
tp
Example1
7KHOVRIFRPPDQGLVR
IWHQXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKDW
SURFHVVHVKDYHILOHVRSHQRQUHPRYDEOH
PHGLDVRWKH\FDQEHWHUPLQDWHGDOORZLQJWKHPHGLDWREHXQPRXQWHG
#
pw
d
/public
#
umount
/public
umount:
/public:
device
is
busy
#
lsof
|
gr
ep"
/publi
c"
sm
bd
1772
8
adamh
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
bash
21
712
root
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
lsof
21
841
root
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
gr
ep
21
842
root
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
lsof
21
843
root
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
7KLVVKRZVXVWKDWWKH
VPEGSURFHVVFRQWUROOHGE\XVHUDGDPKDQGDEDVKOVRIDQGJUHS
SURFHVVDOOKDYHWKHILOHKDQGOHIRUWKHGLUHFWRU\SXEOLFRSHQ1RZZHOOFKDQJHGLUHFWRULHVDQG
UXQOVRIDJDLQ
#
cd
/
#
lsof
|
gr
ep"
/publi
c"
sm
bd
1772
8
adamh
cw
d
DIR
8,65
81
92
5
/publi
c
:HVHHQRZWKDWRQO\VPGEKDVDILOHRSHQRQWKHSXEOLFGLUHFWRU\
Example2
,QWKLVH[DPSOHZHOOVHHKRZOVRIFDQEHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKDWFRQQHFWLRQVH[LVWEHWZHHQD
PDFKLQHDQGDUHPRWHKRVW2XUPDFKLQHLQWKLVFDVHKDVDQ,3DGGUHVVRIDQGLVUXQQLQJ
WKH6DPEDGDHPRQVP
EG7KHUHPRWHPDFKLQHDWLVFRQQHFWHGWRWKH6DPED
GDHPRQ
#
lsof
-P
-i
@1
0.0.0.1
04
COMMAN
D
PI
D
USER
FD
TYPE
DEVI
CE
SIZE
NODE
NAME
sm
bd
132
9
root
5u
IPv
4
252
71
3
TCP
10.0.0.1:1
39->
\
10.0.0.1
04:1
568
(E
STA
BLI
SHE
D)
7KHPDFKLQHDWLVFRQQHFWHGWR7&3
SRUWRQDQGLVFRPPXQLFDWLQ
J
ZLWKWKHSURFHVVHVQDPHGVPEGZKLFKKDVD3,'RI
OntheExam
7KHOVRIFRPPDQG
LVDQLP
SRUWDQWWRROIRUDQ\JRRGV\VWHPDGPLQLVWUDWRUWRKDYH
LQKLVDUVHQDO%HSUHSDUHGWRDQVZHUTXHVWLRQVDERXWLWV
JHQHUDOXVDJHDQGEH
IDPLOLDUZLWKFRPPRQRSWLRQVLQFOXGLQ
JYLHZLQ
JVRFNHWLQIRUPDWLRQDQGILOHV
RSHQE\SURFHVVQDPHDQGXVHUQDPH
lsof
Chapter22:Security(Topic110.1)
|
429
Security
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
226/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
227/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
228/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
229/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
230/261
:HFDQVHHIURPWK
HV\VORJPHVVDJHVWKDWRXUDWWHPSWWRFRQQHFWWRLPDSGZDV
GHQLHG,QRUGHUWRHQDEOHWKLVDFFHVVZHQHHGWRDGGWKHIROORZLQ
JOLQHWRHWF
KRVWVDOORZ
im
apd:
ALL
RULIZHZDQWWROLPLWLWVRPHZKDW
im
apd:
10.0.0.0/2
4
$IWHUWKLVFKDQJHZHWU\RXULPDSFRQQHFWLRQIURPWKHFOLHQWDJDLQDQGZHJHWD
FRQQHFWLRQ/RJILOHV
RQWKHVHUYHUVKRZRXUVXFFHVV
#
tail
/var/log/messages
Jan
26
15:
34:
37
fil
eserv
xin
etd[1
5959]:
START:
im
ap
pi
d=1
6083
\
fr
om=::ffff:1
0.0.0.112
Jan
26
15:
34:
42
fil
eserv
xin
etd[1
5959]:
EXIT:
im
ap
status=1
\
pi
d=1
6083
dur
ati
on=
5(sec)
5HPHPEHUWKDW\RXQHHGWRGRPRUHWKDQVLPSO\FRQILJXUHHWFKRVWVGHQ\DQGHWF
KRVWVDOORZWRVHFXUH
\RXUV\VWHP0DQ\SRSXODUDSSOLFDWLRQVVXFKDVWKH$
SDFKH
ZHEVHUYHUGRQRWOLQNDJDLQVWOLEZUDSVRVRWKH\GRQRWKRQRUWKHHQWULHV\RXSODFH
LQWKHVHFRQILJXUDWLR
QILOHV
$OVRLWLVPRUHDQGP
RUHFRPPRQRQQHWZRUNHQDEOHG/LQX[PDFKLQHVHVSHFLDOO\
WKRVHFRQQHFWHGGLUH
FWO\WRWKH,QWHUQHWWRQRWUXQLQHWGRU[LQHWGDWDOO,IWKHUHDUH
VHUYLFHVWKDWQHHGWR
EHUXQVXFKDVLPDSGRUIWSGWKH\DUHRIWHQUXQDVVWDQGDORQH
GDHPRQVODUJHO\EHFDXVHWKHODFNRIQHFHVVDU\PHPRU\LQDVHUYHULVQRWDVPXFK
RIDFRQFHUQDVLWZDV
\HDUVDJRDQGPDQ\RIWKHVHQHZHUVHUYLFHVKDYHEXLOWLQDFFHVV
FRQWUROVWKDWULYDOWKHDELOLW\RI7&3B:5$33(566RLI
\RXDUHLQGRXEWDERXW
ZKHWKHURUQRW\RXQHHGDVHUYLFHWKDWLVKDQGOHGE\[LQHWG\RXDUHSUREDEO\VDIH
WRGLVDEOHLWUDWKHUWKDQKDYLQJWRZRUU\DERXWVHFXULQ
JDVHUYLFHWKDWPLJKWQRWEH
QHFHVVDU\
OntheExam
$OWKRXJKWKHLQHWG
VHUYLFHKDVODUJHO\EHHQUHSODFHGE\[LQHWGEHIDPLOLDUZLWKWKH
V\QWD[RIWKHLQHWG
FRQIILOHEHFDXVHWKHUHLVDJRRGFKDQFH\RXZLOOHQFRXQWHU
TXHVWLRQVDERXWLW
RQWKH/3,H[DPV7KHV\QWD[RIWKHHWFKRVWVGHQ\DQGHWF
KRVWVDOORZILOHVDOVRZLOOEHDIRFXV
Objective2:SetUpHostSecurity
|
439
SetUpHostSecurity
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
231/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
232/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
233/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
234/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
235/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
236/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
237/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
238/261
WRSXEOLFNH\VLQKLVNH\ULQ
J0RUHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWUXVWFDQEHIRXQGLQWKH
*3*GRFXPHQWDWLRQ
OntheExam
0DNHVXUHWKDW\RX
XQGHUVWDQGKRZWRLP
SRUWD
SXEOLFNH\DQGH[SRUWERWKSXEOLF
DQGSULYDWHNH\V
ConfiguringandUsingGNUPrivacyGuard(GPG)
|
455
SecuringDatawith
Encryption
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
239/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
240/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
241/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
242/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
243/261
2
6
Exam102PracticeTest
7KLVFKDSWHUZLOOJLYH
\RXDQLGHDRIZKDWNLQGVRITXHVWLRQV\RXFDQH[SHFWWRVHH
RQWKH/3,WHVW$
OOTXHVWLRQVDUHHLWKHUPXOWLSOHFKRLFHVLQJOHDQVZHUPXOWLSOH
FKRLFHPXOWLSOHDQVZ
HURUILOOLQWKHEODQN
7KHTXHVWLRQVDUHQRWGHVLJQHGWRWULFN\RXWKH\DUHGHVLJQHGWRWHVW\RXUNQRZOHG
JH
RIWKH/LQX[RSHUDWLQJV\VWHP
$VRI$
SULO
DOOH[DPZHLJKWVIRU/3,H[DPVKDYHEHHQVWDQGDUGL]HGWR
ZHLJKWV
5HJDUGOHVVRIZHLJKW
WRWDOVHDFKH[DPVFRUHLVEHWZHHQDQG$SDVVLQJVFRUH
LV+RZHYHUWKH
QXPEHURIFRUUHFWTXHVWLRQVUHTXLUHGWRDFKLHYHDVFRUHRI
YDULHVZLWKWKHRYHUD
OOGLIILFXOW\RIWKHVSHFLILFH[DPWKDWLVWDNHQ
7KHQXPEHURITXHVWLRQVRQWKHH[DPLVDOVRWLHGWRWKHWRWDORIWKHZHLJKWVRIWKH
2EMHFWLYHVRQWKHH[DP:LWKDWRWDOZHLJKWFRXQWRIWKHH[DPZLOOKDYH
TXHVWLRQV)RUHDFKZHLJKWLQJWKHUHZLOOEHRQHTXHVWLRQ)RUH[DPSOHLIDQ2E
MHFWLYHKDVDZHLJKWRIWKHUHZLOOEHTXHVWLRQVRQWKHH[DPUHODWHGWRWKHREMHFWLYH
7KHDQVZHUVIRUWKHVHVDPSOH
TXHVWLRQVDUHDWWKHHQGRIWKLVFKDSWHU
Questions
:KDWHQYLURQP
HQWYDULDEOHKROGVWKHOLVWRIDOOGLUHFWRULHVWKDWDUHVHDUFKHGE\
WKHVKHOOZKHQ\
RXW\SHDFRPPDQGQDPH"
D/,67
E9,(:
F3$7+
G(19
H1RQHRIWKHDERYH
465
,QWKHEDVKVKHOOHQWHULQJWKH!!FRPPDQ
GKDVWKHVDPHHIIHFWDVZKLFKRQHRI
WKHIROORZLQ
JDVVXPLQ
JEDVKLVLQHPDFV
PRGH"
D&WUO3DQG(QWHU
E&WUO1DQG(QWHU
F&WUO8DQG(QWHU
G!-2
H!2
1DPHWKHFRPPDQGWKDWGLVSOD\V
SDJHV
IURPWKHRQOLQHXVHUVPDQXDODQG
FRPPDQGUHIHUHQFH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQ
JFRPPDQGVGLVSOD
\VWKHFRPPHQWVIURPDEDVKVFULSW"
6HOHFWDOOWKDWDSSO\
DILQGAHWFUFGUFORFDO
EVHGAGHWFLQLWGKWWSG
FJUHSAHWFLQLWGKWWSG
GJUHSAHWFSDVVZG
HORFDWHAHWFVNHOEDVKUF
:KLFKRQHRIWKHIROORZLQ
JDQVZHUVFUHDWHVDQHQYLURQPHQWYDULDEOHVAR1
SUHVHQWLQWKHHQYLURQPHQWRIDEDVKFKLOG
SURFHVV"
D9$5IDLOH[SRUW9$5
E9$5IDLO?H[SRUW9$5
F9$5IDLO
GVHW9$5IDLOHQDEOH9$5
HH[SRUW9$5?9$5IDLO
:KDW64/FRPPDQGLVXVHGWRPRGLI\GDWDSUHVHQWLQDWDEOH"
D,16(57
E:+(5(
F83'$7(
G29(5:5,7(
H-2,1
:KDWRXWSXWZLOOWKHIROORZLQ
JFRPPDQG
JHQHUDWHVHTVZ
D01
;02
;03;04;05;06;07;08;09;1
0
E1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9;10
F1;10
G01
;02
;03;04;05;06;07;08;09;01
0
H1RQHRIWKHDERYH
466
|
Chapter26:Exam102PracticeTest
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
244/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
245/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
246/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
247/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
248/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
249/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
250/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
251/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
252/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
253/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
254/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
255/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
256/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
257/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
258/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
259/261
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
260/261
ZKHUHLVFRPPDQG
ZKLFKFRPPDQG
ZKLOHFRPPDQG
ZKLWHVSDFHFKDUDFWHUV
ZKRLV
ZLOGFDUGV
ZLQGRZPDQDJHUV
ZRUNRQWKHFRPPDQGOLQH
ZRUNJURXSGLUHFWRU\
ZULWH
SHUPLVVLRQV
X;GLVSOD\PDQDJHU[GP
;IRQWV
;6HUYHUVHOHFWLQJDQGFRQILJXULQJ
;WHUPLQDOV
;:LQGRZ6\VWHP
DFFHVVLELOLW\
LQVWDOODQGFRQILJX
UH
RYHUYLHZ
VHWXSDGLVSOD\PDQDJHU
66+VHVVLRQ
;:LQGRZV\VWHP
KLJKOLJKWHUVLQGH[
UHYLHZDQGH[HUFLVHV
;2UJ
;DFFHVVILOH
[DUJVFRPPDQG
[DXWKDXWKHQWLFDWLRQ
[GP;GLVSOD\PDQDJHU
[GPFRQILJILOH
;)UHH
[IVBLQIRFRPPDQG
[IVBPHWDGXP
SFRPP
DQG
[LQHWGFRPPDQG
[RUJFRQI
;UHVRXUFHV
;UHVRXUFHVILOH
;VHUYHUVILOH
;VHVVLRQILOH
;VHWXSBILOH
;]RRP
Y
8/8/2019 Lpi Linux for Print
261/261