M · Web viewClassification of Microorganisms : – Microbial Taxonomy, Criteria used including molecular approaches, Microbial phylogeny and Current classification of bacteria.. Microbial

Proposed SyllabusFor

B.Tech. Bio -Technology CourseOf

M.D University(Board of studies in Technology)

(2006)

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Note: The scheme of Examination and the content of syllabi for 1st and 2nd semester of

B.Tech Biotechnology will be same as of B.Tech Group-I (El/EIC/ECE) Branches.

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M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKSCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION

2ND YEAR B. TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER IIIEFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2006-07

S.No Course No. Subject Teaching Schedule

L T P/D Total

Examination Schedule

Th. Sess P/VV Total

Duration of exam

1. BT –201 Cell Biology 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 2. BT – 203 Micro biology 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 3. BT – 205 Bio chemistry 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 4. BT – 207 Genetics 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 5. BT- 209 Organic Chemistry 3 1 4 100 50 - 1506. BT – 211 Mol. Biol. 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 7. BT – 213 Cell Biology &

Genetics Lab- - 3 3 - 50 50 100 3

8 BT– 215 Microbiology Lab. - - 3 3 - 50 50 100 39. BT – 217 Biochem. & Mol

Biol. lab- - 3 3 - 50 50 100 3

10. BT – 219 Organic Chemistry lab

- - 2 2 - 25 25 50 3

Total 18 6 11 35 600 445 205 1250

Note 1. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.

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3rd SEMESTER( Bio– Tech. )CELL BIOLOGY

BT –201 L T Theory: 100 Marks3 1 Sessional: 50 Marks Total: 150 Marks Time: 3 Hrs.UNIT I

1. Cell: An introduction and classification of organisms by cell structure,cytosol, compartmentation of eukaryotic cells, cell fractionation.2. Cell membrane and Permeability: Chemical components of biological membranes , organization and fluidity of membrane components, the membrane as a dynamic entity of cell, signalling ,cell recognition and membrane transport.

UNIT II

3. Membrane Vacuolar System Cytoskeleton and cell motility: Structure and function of microtubules,Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments . Endoplasmic reticulum: Structure, function including role in protein segregation. Golgi complex: Structure, biogenesis and functions including role in protein secretion

Lysosomes , vacuoles and microbodies : Structure and functions.4. Ribosomes : Structure and function including role in protein synthesis.5. Mitochondria : Structure , genomes , biogenesis .6. Chloroplasts : Structure , genomes, biogenesis.

UNIT III

7. Nucleus : Structure , cell cycle (Interphase & M phases ), regulation of cell cycle.8. Extracellular matrix : composition ,molecules that mediate cell adhesion, membrane receptors for extra cellular matrix, macromolecules ,regulation of receptor expression and function.9. Muscle contraction:Different muscle type in the body, structural protein of muscles, energetics and regulation of muscle contraction .10.Neurons and Neurotransmission : Resting potential, Action potential , Synaptic transmission neurotransmitters and receptors ,the generation of action potential by sensory stimuli and mechanism of nerve-impulses11. Cancer : Carcinogenesis , agents promoting carcinogenesis, characteristics of cancer cells,molecular basis of cancer.

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Molecular Biology of cell, 3rd edition by Albert et al, Garland Publishing ,Inc.

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2. Cell Biology – Smith and Wood by Chapman and Hall3. Cell Biology: Organelle structure and function by D.E .Sadava, Jones & Bartlett Publishers.4. Cell and Molecular Biology , 8th ed. EDP. De Robertis and EMF DeRoberties, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins Pvt Ltd , ( international student edition).5. Molecular cell Biology –Harvey Lodish and D .Baltimore W.H Freeman & Co. 4th ed.2000.

Note for Paper setter: Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Two from unit 1 & three each from unit II & III. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

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3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )MICRO BIOLOGY

BT- 203L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 Hrs.UNIT I

Fundamentals of Microbiology: Scope and relevance of microbiology, Evolution of microbiology and its history.

Classification of Microorganisms : – Microbial Taxonomy, Criteria used including molecular approaches, Microbial phylogeny and Current classification of bacteria..Microbial Diversity- Distribution & Characterization : Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Morphology and cell structure of major groups of microorganisms.e.g. bacteria, Fungi, algae, protozoa. Unique features of viruses. UNIT II

Cultivation & Maintenance of Microorganism – Nutritional categories of microorganisms. Methods of isolation, Purification and preservation.

Microbial Growth and Metabolism - Growth curve, generation time. Synchronous batch and Continuous culture. Measurement of growth and factors affecting growth . Metabolic pathways –amphicatabolic and biosynthetic.

Bacterial reproduction – Transformation , Transduction & conjugation. Endospores, sporulation.

UNIT III

Control of Microorganism: Physical & chemical agents.

Water microbiology – Bacterial pollutants of water, the coliform group . Sewage composition and its disposal. Food microbiology – Important Microorganism in food microbiology – molds, yeasts & bacteria. Major food born infections and intoxications, preservation of various types of foods.

TEXT / REFFERENCES BOOKS

1. Microbiology: Prescott et al., 2003, 5th edition, Mc Graw Hill, USA. 2. Microbiology: Pelczar et al, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.3. Food Microbiology: Adams & Moss, 1996, C B S Publishers, New Delhi. Note for paper setter:

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Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )

BIOCHEMISTRY

BT- 205

L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

UNIT I

1. Introduction to Biochemistry: A historical prospective.

2. Amino acids & Proteins – Structure & Function. Structure and properties of Amino acids, sources of amino acid pool. General reactions of amino acids: Transamination, Oxidative and non- oxidative deamination & decarboxylation. Peptide bond, types of protein and their classification, acid base properties and Titration of proteins, Forces stabilizing protein structure and shape.Different Level of structural organization of proteins, Purification of proteins and criteria of their purity. Denaturation and renaturation of proteins. Fibrous and globular proteins.

3. Carbohydrates – Structure and function : Structure and properties of Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Ring structure and mutarotation . Homo & hetero polysaccharides, Mucopolysaccharides , Sialic Acids, bacterial cell wall polysaccharides, Glycoprotein’s, and their biological Functions. Blood group substances.

4. Lipids–Structure and functions: Classification, structures, nomenclature and Properties of fatty acids, essential fatty acids, Glycosides and their classes, Hydrolysis of fats, specification value,rancidity of fats, iodine no. and acid Value. Phospholipids structure and properties of different types of phospholipids, Sphingomyelins, glycolipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides, Prostaglandis Cholesterol – its structure and biological properties, utilization of cholesterol.

5. Nucleic acids - Structure and functions: Physical & chemical properties of Nucleic acids.Structure and properties of urine & pyramidine basis Nucleosides & Nucleotides. Biologically important nucleotides, biological function of DNA & RNA species double helical model of DNA structure and forces responsible for it A, B, & Z –DNA, denaturation and annealing of DNA.

UNIT II

6. Enzymes: Nomenclature and classification of Enzymes. Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, Cofactors, coenzyme, prosthetic groups, metalloenzymes, monomeric & Oligomeric enzymes, activation

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energy and transition state, enzyme activity, Specific activity, common features of active sites, enzyme specificity : types & Theories (look & key induced fit & three point attachment) ribozymes, abzymes Biocatalysts from extreme thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria. Role of cofactors in enzyme catalysis : NAD + / NADP +, FMN / FAD, Coenzymes A, thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, lipoic acid, biocytin Vitamin B12 coenzymes tetrahydrofolate and metal ions;

7. Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis : reactions, energetics and regulation. Fate of pyruvate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Pentose phosphate Pathway and its significance. Gluconeogenesis pathway and its regulation . Biosynthesis of lactose, sucrose and starch. Glycogenolysis and glycogenesis. Control of Glycogen metabolism. Maintenance of blood glucose levels. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and its regulation .TCA cycle: reactions, regulation and Amphibolic nature, glyoxalate cycle. Photosynthesis.

UNIT III

8. Lipid Metabolism: Degradation of triacylglycerols by lipases, fatty acid activation, transport of fatty acyl CoA into mitochondria, beta - oxidation of Saturated fatty acids, oxidation of unsaturated and odd carbon fatty acids, Regulation of fatty acids oxidation, alpha & omega oxidation of fatty acids, peroxisomal beta - oxidation & formation & utilization of ketone bodies.Acetyl CoA carboxylase, transport of acetyl CoA from : mitochondrial matrix to cytosol, Biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids, elongation and desaturation of fatty acids, Biosynthesis of Tri acylglycerols, regulation of fatty acids metabolism.

9. Protein Metabolism : Essential & non essential amino acids, Degradation & Biosynthesis of amino acid, urea cycle : reactions, regulation and and its linkage with the citric acid cycle. Nitrogen cycle, Regulation of amino acid bio synthesis.

10. Nucleic Acid Metabolism : Denovo-biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine Nucleotides.Regulation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. salvage pathways of purines and pyrimidines . Formation of deoxyribonucleotides. Catabolism of purines and pyrimidines.

11. Integration of Metabolism : Mitochondrial electron transport chain, mechanism Of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, hypotheses of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation .

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Biochemistry, 4th edition, by L. Stryer (1995). W.H.Freeman & Com...N.Y.2. Biochemistry, 4th edition, by G .Zubay (1998). Wm.C. Brown Publishers. 3. Biochemistry, 2nd edition by Laurence A. Moran, K.G.Scrimgeour , H.R.Hortan, R.S.Ochs and J.David Rawn (1994), Neil Patterson Publishers Prentice Hall.4. Lehninger : Principle of Biochemistry, third edition, by David L.Nelson and M.M.Cox (2000) Maxmillan / Worth publishers.

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5. Biochemistry, 2ND Edition, by R.H.Garret & C.M. Grisham (1999). Saunders College publishing, N.Y.sons NY6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet & Judith G Vote (1999), John Wiley & Sons NY.7. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25th edition by R.K.Murray, P.A.Hayes, D.K. Granner, P.A.Mayes & V.W. Rodwell (2000).Prentice Hall International.

Note for paper setter: Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each Unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

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3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )GENETICS

BT- 207 L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.UNIT I1. Principles of Heredity and Variation : Mendel and his experiments, Mono hybrid crosses, Incomplete dominance and codominance, Dihybrid crosses, Rediscovery of Mendelism, Multiple alleles, Epistasis, ( Probability in prediction and analysis of Genetic data) .

2. Genes and Chromosomes : General feature of chromosomes , Cellular division, Sexual reproduction , The chromosome theory of inheritance , sex –linked , sex - limited and sex influenced inheritance ,Variation in chromosome number & structure.

3. The Molecular Organization of Chromosomes :Genome size and evolutionary complexity, the supercoiling of DNA , The structure of the bacterial chromosome , the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, Polytene chromosome .

UNIT II

4. Gene Linkage & Chromosome Mapping : Linkage and recombination of genes in a chromosome ,Crossing over & Genetic mapping , Gene mapping from three – point test crosses, mapping by tetrad analysis , Recombination within genes, Complementation. .5. Extranuclear Inheritance : Organelle heredity , The evolutionary origin of organelles , the cytoplasmic transmission of symbionts, maternal effect in snail shell coiling .

6.Gene Mutation and DNA Repair: Characteristics of mutations, Classification of mutation, Spontaneous mutation, induced mutation, detection of mutation, site -direct mutagenesis, Application of induced mutations, Mechanism of DNA repair.

UNIT III

7.Population Genetics and Evolution : Allele frequencies & genotype frequencies, Random mating & Hardy – Weinberg principal, Inbreeding, Genetics & Evolution. Mutation & migration, Natural selection, Random genetics drift.

8. Quantitative Genetics: Quantitative inheritance, Cause of variation, Analysis of quantitative traits.9. Somatic Cell Genetics & Immunogenetics : Somatic cell hybrids and gene Mapping. The production of hybrid cells, The immune responses, Blood-group System, Antibodies & antibody variability, Histocomptibility Antigens.

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TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS1. Hartl, D.L.Genetics. Jones & Bart let Publishers, Boston. 2. Russell, P.J. 1998. Genetics. 5th edition .Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. California.3. Brokker.,R.J.1999.Genetics : Analysis and Principles. AW. Longman,Inc, California 4. Miglani, G.S.2000. Basic Genetics. Narosa Publishing House , New Delhi.

Note for paper setter: Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Atleast two from each Unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

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3rd SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBT -209

L T3 1

Theory : 100 Marks Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.UNIT I

1. Types of Organic Reaction : Substitution, Addition, Elimination, Rearrangement Reactions: Wanger – Meerwin rearrangement, Cope rearrangement, Hyper conjugation : concept & consequences.

2. IUPAC Nomenclature: Systematic IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes alkynes Cycloalkanes, aromatics bicyclic and polyfunctional organic compounds, bond line notation.

UNIT II

3. Hydrogen Bonding : Nature type, stability and its importance in organic compound nods, P ۸D ۸ bonding , ylids ( S&P) ,wittig reaction , biological methylating reagents. Tautomerism–concept, Ring chain tautomerism.,Ring chain isomerism, properties , reactions of keto enoltautomers , Epoxides: properties & nucleophillic ring opening of epoxides and crown ethers.

4. Stereo Chemistry : Classification of stereomers , diastereomers , separation of enantiomers,absolute configuration ( R & S) , projection formulae stereochemistry of compounds cantainingtwo asymmetric C-atoms stereochemistry of byphenyls, zeometrical isomerism - concept ,E & Znomenclature.

5. Carbonyl Compounds : Nature & structure of carbonyl group ,Relative reactivities of carbonyl compounds , hydration & addition of alcohol to aldehydes and ketone , Addition of ammonia & ammonia rivatives to aldehydes & ketones , wolf – kishner reduction & its mechanism, aldol condensation, claisen , condensation reformatsky reaction & perkin reaction.

6. Acid Derivatives: Acid catalysed & base catalysed hydrolysis of esters & acid amides amono- lyses & alcohol lysis of esters.

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UNIT III

7. Polymers : Classification of polymers functionality , chain growth and step growth polymers, co-ordination polymerization, epoxy resins, urea formaldehyde resins, Natural rubber & its vulcanizations, elastomers.8. Reducing Agents : There applications in Organic Chemistry with special emphasis on LiAlH4, NaBH4, Pt / Ni / H2, METAL / NH3,Solution,Diimide,Hydroboration Tri –n- butyl tin hydride.9. Peptide Bond Synthesis : Protection of N-terminal & C- terminal of amino acids, formation of peptide bonds , solid phase peptide synthesis.

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS.

1. Organic Chemistry by I. L. FINAR

2. Modern Organic Chemistry by D.R.Boyed.

3. Organic chemistry by Paula Yurkanis Bruice.

4. Principle of organic synthesis by Richard Norman & James M Coxon.

5. Reaction Mechanism by O.P. Aggarwal.

Note for Paper setter: Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGYBT-211

L T Theory :100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

UNIT I

1. Genes : Structure of DNA , DNA as the genetic material , Supercoiling and periodicity of DNA , Mutations in DNA , Nature of multiple alleles , CIS – acting and Trans-acting Molecules, Euchromatin & hetrochromatin, Nucleosomes, DNA amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction .

2. From Genes To Genomes : Gene mapping , Exons & introns Repetitive & nonrepetitive DNA ,C-value paradox .

3. DNA Replication : Origin of DNA replication, the bacterial genome as single circular replicon, connecting bacterial replication to cell cycle, Eukaryotic chromosome, DNA polymerases Mechanism of DNA replication and its regulation , Excision repair and SOS response.

4. Protein Synthesis : Structure of t-RNA, Role of ribosomes in protein synthesis, Genetic code,Wobble,s hypothesis, initiation, elongation and termination of protein Synthesis Regulation of translation in prokaryotes & eukaryotes.Post translational modifications of proteins.

5. Protein Localization : Molecular chaperones.

UNIT II

6. Gene expression in Prokaryotes :

a) Transcription : t RNA as adapter , turn over of messenger RNA, 5, end Capping & 3, polyadenylation of m RNA , RNA polymerase ,Role of sigma factor,Promoter recognition, initiation ,elongation & termination of transcription.

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b) The Operon : Positive & negative control of transcription , Represser – inducer complex , Catabolite repression Attenuation .

7. Gene Expression in Eukaryotes :

a) Initiation of Transcription : Eukaryotic RNA polymerases , down stream & up stream promoters, foot printing Exp., Factors of Transcription , enhancers interaction of upstream factors with basal apparatus .Transcription in mitochondria & chloroplast b) Regulation of Transcription : DNA binding domains, zinc finger motif , helixloop helix, leucine zipers , Homeodomains Demethylation .

UNIT III

8. Nuclear Splicing : Lariat formation, Sn RNA s , cis splicing and trans splicing reaction, processed pseudogenes , catalytic RNA.

9. Transposons , Ritroviruses and retroposons , life cycle of phages.

10. Cell Cycle and Growth Regulation : Different stages of cell cycle, Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanisms, Apoptosis .

11. Signal Transduction : Second messenger , Concept of G- proteins , Regulation of genome activity during development.

TEXT / REFFERENCE BOOKS .

1. Genes VII , Benjamin Lewin , Oxford University Press.

2. Genomes ,T.A.Brown , John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd .

3. Molecular biology of Cell , Bruce Alberts, James D.Watson ,Garland Publising , 4th Edition..

4. MolecularCell Biology,H.Lodish and Baltimore,W.H.Freeman &Co.4th edition 2000.

5. Cell & Molecular Biology. E.D.P. Robertis ,8th ed.

6. Essential of Molecular Biology: Malacinski, ,Freifelder Jones, Bartlet Publisher 3RD ed.

7. Cell & Molecular biology, Concepts & experiments Gerald Karp , John Wiley & Sons. 8. The cell – a molecular approach ,Cooper , A.S.M.Press.

Note for Paper setter:Eight questions will be set in the question paper .Atleast two from each unit. Candidates will be required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one from each unit.

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CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS LAB

BT- 213

L T P Practical V/V 50 Marks - - 3 Sessional: 50 Marks

Total : 100 Marks Time : 3 HRS.

1. Microscopy: Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, Fixation, Cryofixation , Microtomy,Histology of various organ systems ( Nervous , Digestion , Reproductive , Respiratory and Circulatory system).Mitochondrial staining and enzyme localization (Histochemistry & Immuno-histochemistry).

2. Cell division in onion root tip / insect gonads.

3. Isoenzymes patterns (LDH etc) (starch gel electrophoresis).

4. Isolation of DNA and study of its denaturation spectrophotometrically and viscometrically.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Principles and techniques of Practical Biochemistry : K. Wilson & J. Walker ( 1994), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge..2. Introductory Practicle Biochemistry by S.K Shawnee & Randhir Singh (2000),

Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer (1988), McGraw –Hill,Book Company, U.K.

NOTE. : A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be

modified by college according to facilities available here.

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MICRO BIOLOGY LAB

BT- 215

L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks - - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks

Total : 100 Marks Time : 3 HRS.

1. Microscopy: Use of microscopes, microscopic examination of microorganisms.

2. Micrometry: Microscopic measurement of microorganisms.

3. Staining methods.

4. Preparation of culture media.

5. Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from different sources.

6. Pure culture techniques – Streak plate, Pour plate, Spread plate

7. Measurements of growth and study of effect of various factors on growth of Microorganisms temp. , pH, salt concentration, U.V. & R.H.

8. Biochemical tests useful in bacterial taxonomy.

9. Water microbiology – BOD, multiple tube fermentation tests.

10. Milk Microbiology –SPC, testing the quality of milk.

TEXT / REFERENCES BOOKS

1. Experiment in Microbiology, Plant pathology,Tissue Culture & Mushroom production technology: Aneja K.R, .2001, 3RD Edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.

2. Microbiology –A Lab manual, Cappuccino J. & Sheeman N, 2000, 4th Edition, Addison Wesley California .

NOTE. : A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.

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BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB

BT 217

L T P Practical V/V :50 Marks - - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 100 Marks Time : 3 HRS.

1. Isolation of genomic DNA fron eukaryotic cells.

2. Isolation of RNA from eukaryotic cells.

3. Isolation of proteins from eukaryotic cells

4. Isolation of genomic DNA from prokaryotic cells.

5. Isolation of Plasmid DNA from prokaryotic cell.

6. Restriction mapping of plasmid DNA: This exp. Involves single & double digestion of the Plasmid with restriction enzyme.

7. Gel Electrophoretic separation of DNA & Molecular wt. determination

8. Gel electrophoractic separation of RNA.

9. Gel electrophoratic separation of protein.

10 Transblot analysis of DNA.

11. Gel extraction of DNA.

12. P.C.R. amplification of DNA : Visualisation by gel electrophoresis.

NOTE. : A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB

BT- 219

L T P Practical V/V : 25 Marks - - 2 Sessional : 25 Marks Total : 50 Marks Time : 3 HRS.

1. Derivitizations of polysugars such as agarose with Cyanogens bromide for binding with protein.

2. Derivitization of polystyrene to generate carboxyl groups.

3. Derivitization of polystyrene to generate Amino groups.

4. Derivitization of polystrene to generate aldehyde groups.

5. Derivitization of polysugars to generate aldehyde group & establish covalent linkage of protein through amino & carboxyl groups.

6. Sialinization of solid phases such as polyester, glass polystyrene to provide amino groups.

7. Covalent linkage of Proteins to solid phase through carbodiiamide reaction.

8. Estimation of reactive groups such as amino, aldehyde and carboxyl group on solid phase.

NOTE. : A college must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by college according to facilities available here.

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2ND YEAR B. TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER IVEFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2006-07

S.No Course No. Subject Teaching Schedule

L T P/D Total

Examination Schedule

Th. Sess P/VV Total

Duration of exam

1. BT –202 Recombinant DNA

3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3

2. BT – 204 Immunology 3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3 3. BT – 206 Bio-analytical

Techniques3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3

4. BT – 208 Industrial Microbiology & Enz Tech.

3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3

5. BT – 210 Thermodynamics of Bioprocesses

3 1 - 4 100 50 - 150 3

6. BT-212 Diagnostic Tech. 3 1 4 100 50 1507. BT – 214 Recombinant

DNA lab- - 3 3 - 50 50 100 3

8 BT– 216 Immunology & Diagnostic Tech lab

- - 3 3 - 50 50 100 3

9. BT – 218 Industrial Microbiology lab

- - 3 3 - 50 50 100 3

10. BT – 220 Bio analytical technique lab

- - 2 2 - 25 25 50 2

Total 18 6 11 35 600 445 205 1250

Note 1. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.

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4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )Recombinant DNA Technology

BT – 202

L T P Theory : 100 Marks3 1 - Sessional : 50 Marks

Total : 150 Marks Duration of Exam: 3 Hours

UNIT IGenetic Engineering: Introduction, scope, milestones and guidelines.Tools of Recombinant DNA: Restriction endonucleases, modification enzymes and markers, hybridization.DNA amplification: Polmerase chain reaction, alternative techniques, applications and nucleotide sequencing of DNA.

UNIT IIGene cloning: Construction of Gene libraries, cloning vectors, gene probes, screening applications, analysis of gene expression, site directed Mutagenesis, microarrays and DNA chips.Gene Expression: Vector and host engineering, expression in bacteria, yeasts, mammalian cells and plants.

UNIT IIIGene Regulation: DNA transfection, blotting techniques, processing of recombiant proteins,

transposon and tragging.

Gene Therapy: Stratergies of gene delivery, gene replacement, gene augmentation, gene correction, gene editing and gene regulation, gene silencing.

Text / Reference Books

1. Recombinant DNA. By James D Watson and Michael Gilman. 2nd Edition, (2001). W. H Freeman and Company NY.

2. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles Application of Recombinant DNA by Bernard R Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition. ASM press Washington DC.

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3. Genetic Engineering by Kavita B Alhuwalia, New Age International (P) Ltd.4. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering by Desmond S.T. Nicholl, Cambridge University

Press.5. Genetic Engineering: An introduction to Gene analysis and exploitation in eukaryotes by

Kingsman and Kingsman.6. DNA cloning: A Practical Approach by Glover and Hames

Note: Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt

five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.

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4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )IMMUNOLOGY

BT- 204

L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

UNIT I

1. Basic Immunology : Types of immunity: innate and acquired: cells and organs of immune system B-Lymphocytes and T- Lymphocytes, Primary and secondary lymphoid organs, humoral and cell mediated immune response.

2. Immune System : Antigens, immunoglobulins : structure and function, antigenic determinants : Isotype, allotype & idiotype; Monoclonal Ab , Hybridoma techonology Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes, Generation of Ab. Diversity, class switching , and Ab. Engg.

UNIT II

3. Generation of B-Cell and T-Cell Responses : Major histocompatibility complex , Peptide binding by class I and class II molecules , Ag. Processing presentation, T-Cell receptor ,T-cell maturation , activation & differtiation , Positive & negative selection, signalling pathways.

4. Immunological Techniques : ELISA , Radio immunoassay , immuno-precipitin reactions.

UNIT III5. Immune Effector Responses : Cytokines properties , The complement system,

Role of T- helper cells in cytokine production , cell mediated effector responses .6. Immune system in Health & Disease : Hypersensitive reaction, auto immunity, and

immune response to infectious disease, tumor immunity, tissue and organ transplant , vaccines & peptide vaccines.

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS1. Kuby,s Immunology 4th edition ) R.A. Goldsby ,T. J. Kindt, B.A. Osborne,

W.H.Freeman & company, New.York.2. Essential Immunology ( 10th edition ), Ivon Roitt, Peter Delves, Blackswell,

Scientific Publications. Oxford.3. Fundanental of immunology . Paul W.E.( Eds) Raven press ,New York.4. Immunology by Presscot .

Note for paper setter : Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.

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4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech. )

BIO ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

BT 206L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

UNIT I1. Microscopy : Light , electron ( scanning & transmission ), phase contrast , flurosence microscopy, freeze – fracture techniques , specific staning of organelles or marker enzymes.

2. Ultracentrifugation : Sedimentation of macromolecules, centrifugation techniques and their applications , differential centrifugation , zonal, density gradient and ultracentrifugation techniques.

UNIT II3 Electrophoresis : Paper and Gel electrophoresis Immuno electrophoresis, enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,Isoelectric focusing, two- dimentisional electrophoresis,capillary Electrophoresis.

4. Chromatography : Paper , TLC , Adsorption, partition, ion-exchange , reverse phase , gel filtration, affinity ,gas chromatography ,High Pressure Liquid Chromatography ( HPLC)

UNIT III5. Spectrophotometry : Basic concepts and brief description of application of U.V./ Visible, IR, NMR, ESR , Fluorescence , Raman , Mass spectroscopy ,X-ray diffraction ( diffraction by Fibrous proteins, globular proteins and molecular crystals), CD and ORD.

6. Radioisotope Techniques ..Nature of radioactivity ,properties of α , β and γ rays, measurement of radioactivity, use of radioisotopes in research, in vivo and in vitro leveling techniques,double labelling , instruments for monitoring radioactivity , quenching , internal standard channel ratio, external standard ratio, emulsion counting radioactive decay, auto radiography,radioimmunoassay.

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TEXT/ REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Biological Spectroscopy: Campbell and Durek.2. Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition by D.Friefelder, W.H.Freeman and company U.S.A. 3. Introduction to instrumental analysis : Robert. D. Braun (1987). McGraw Hill International Edition, Chemistry Series.4. Analytical Chemistry for technicians : John kenkel (1994), Lewis Publishers.Boca Raton5. Principles and techniques of Practical Biochemistry: K.Wilson and J.Walker (1994),

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge .6. BophysicalChemistry: Principle and Techniques,2nd eddition by A.Upadhyay,

K.Upadhyay and N.Nath.(1998).Himalya Publication House.Delhi.7. Physical Biochemistry, 2nd edition by K.E.Vanholde (1985), Prentice Hall Inc.,New Jersey.

Note for paper setter :Eight questions will be set in the question paper. Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting atleast one from each unit.

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4th SEMESTER B.Tech. (Bio – Tech.)

INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

BT – 208L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total :150Marks Time :3 hrs.

UNIT I

Introduction , Objectives & Scope.Principle, range & component of fermentation processes . Types of fermentation, Purification of fermentation products. Sources, isolation, Screening, Preservation & maintenance of industrially important microbes: Improvement of industrially important microorganisms, selection of mutants, use of r DNA technology.

UNIT II

Process technology for the production of various products : Primary metabolites ( ethanol, acetone , butanol , citric acid , vinegar dextran ), production of alcoholic beverages ( wine & beer ).Microbial production of industrial enzymes – cellulose, amylase, protease. Production of secondary metabolites – Antibiotics,( e.g. Pencillin , Streptomysin and tetracycline), production of vaccines important bio pesticides ( B.T. Toxin , kasugamycin . Beauverin , Devine & Collego) & microbial protein ( Quorn), Biofuels and biofertilisers .

UNIT IIIEnzymes : Nomenclature & Classification of enzyme . Mechanism of enzyme action , acid base catalysis, covalent catalysis proximity and orientation effects, Mechanism of action of selected enzyme, chymotrypsin, lysozyme and ribonuclease , purification of enzymes . Immobilized enzymes . Stability of enzymes: enzyme stabilization by selection & genetic Engg. Protein Engg.Application of enzyme in industry, analytical purposes and medical therapy . site directed mutagenesis .

26


1. Industrial Microbiology : L.E.Casida Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1989.

2. Industrial Microbiology : Prescott & Dunn . CBS. Publishers ,1987.

3. BioTechnology : A hand book of Industrial Microbiology : W.Crueger & A. Crueger.4. Enzymes : Bio Chemistry , Bio Technology & clinical chemistry by T. Palmer, R.Wood publishers.

5. Process Engg. In Bio Technology by Jackson, Prantice Hall.

Note for paper setter : Eight question will be set in the question paper. Two from unit 1 & three each from unit II & III. Candidates will be required to attempt five question, selecting at least one from each unit.

27

4th SEMESTER B.Tech (Bio – Tech )

THERMODYNAMICS OF BIO PROCESS

BT 210

L T Theory : 100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 150 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

1. First and second law of Thermodynamics ,activity coefficients and phase equilibrium, Biological systems as open , non-equilibrium systems, failure of classical ( closed equilibrium).

2. Thermodynamics in describing Biological processes , Thermodynamics concept for irreversible Biological processes , concept of flux & force .

3. Concept of entropy production , constitutive equations, Onsager reciprocal relations , Prigogine,s principle , concept of coupling in Biological Processes .

4. Thermodynamics of coupled Biochemical reaction , cells as non equilibrium, Thermo of passive and active transport , Prigogine – Curie law , Thermoanalysis of oxidative phosphorylation , stability of non equilibrium stationery states , ordering in time and space far from equilibrium, glyolytic oscillations , Biological clocks , routes to chaos.

TEXT / REFFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Kinetics & Thermodynamics in Biochemistry : Bray & White .

2. Biophysical Chemistry Vol. I : Edsall & Wyman .

3. Non equilibrium Thermodynamics in Biophysics : Katchalasky & Curran .

4. Physical Biochemistry : Van Holde .

28

4th SEMESTER B.Tech (Bio – Tech )

DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES

BT 212


Total :150 MarksDuration of Exam: 3 Hours

Unit-I

Introduction: Comparison of the methods to diagnose bacterial & parasitic infections.

Immunological Diagnostic Procedures:

Basic considerations: Antigen-antibody reactions. Signal amplification systems. Isolation and characterization of antibodies. Immuno assay systems. Assay development, evaluation and validation. Reagent formulation and their shelf life evaluation.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) system: Applications in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases.Membrane based Rapid Immuno assays.

Monoclonal Antibodies: Formation and selection of Hybrid cells. Screening for specific antibodies producing Hybrid cell lines.

Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies: Detection of Polypeptide hormones, Tumor Markers and Cytokines. Diagnosis of infectious diseases and Drug monitoring. Detection of Miscellaneous targets e.g. Thyroxin, Vit B12, Ferritin Degradation products, Tau Protein etc.

Unit-II

DNA Diagnostic Systems:

Nucleic acid hybridization assay systems: Basic considerations. Production of various types of hybridization probes. Diagnosis of Plasmodium faliciparum, Mycobactrium tuberclosis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Sickle cell by DNA hybridization.

29

Non-radioactive Hybridization procedures: Use of Chromogenic or chemiluminesent substrates and specific enzymes for detecting signal amplification.

DNA Finger Printing and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as Diagnostic tools.

Unit-III

Molecular diagnosis of Genetic Diseases: Significance In Prenatal diagnosis, diagnosis before onset of symptoms and identification of carriers of hereditary disorders.

PCR / OLA Procedures: Diagnosis of inheriditary diseases caused by mutations not affecting restriction endonuclease sites.

Genotyping with Fluorescence labeled PCR primers.

Detection of mutations at different sites within one gene.


1. Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology by Lissa Anne Shimeld.

2. Diagnostic Microbiology by Balley and Scott

3. Recombinant DNA. By James D Watson and Michael Gilman 2nd Edition, (2001) W. H Freeman and Company NY.

4. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles Application of Recombinant DNA by Bernard R Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition ASM press Washington DC.

5. Methodology of immunochemical and immuno-logical research by Kwapinski-Willey inter science.

6. A handbook of practical immunology by G.P Talwar. Vikas Publishing house Pvt Ltd.



30


RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY LABBT – 214

L T P Practical : 50 Marks- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks

Total : 100 Marks Duration Time: 3 Hours

1. Isolation of plasmid DNA

2 Isolation of genomic DNA.

3 Construction of RE map of plasmid DNA.

4 Restriction endonuclease digestion of Vector M13 mp11 RF DNA

5 Dephosphorylation of RE enzyme digestion vector M13 mp11 RF DNA

6 Construction of Recombinant DNA

7 Transformation of E. coli cells with r DNA

8 Verification of cloned DNA

9 Induction of expression

10 Verification of protein expression

Reference:

Molecular Cloning – a laboratory manual 3rd Edition Vol. 1-3 (2001) J. Sambrook and D.W. Russell, Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, New York

Note: A college must offer 70% of the above listed experiments. The remaining 30% experiments may be modified by college according to facilities available.

31


IMMUNOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC LABBT – 216

L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks - - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks Total : 100 Marks Time : 3 hrs.

1. Routine technique in handling laboratory animals :Feeding , cleaning & bleeding procedures for Mice & Rabbit .

2. Surgical Removal of lymphatic organs from mice .

3. Preparation and administration of Antigens following immunization protocols.

4. To bleed rabbits for the generation of Antigens.

5. Isolation of immunoglobulins .

6. Isolation & purification of lymphocytes from mouse .

7. To establish mitotic stimulation with lectins such as PHA and cancavalin A. 8. To perform the technique of ELISA

9. Perform the characterization of Immunoglobulin class by ELISA

10. To learn the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA as diagnostic tool.

11 To detect the site directed Mutagenesis within one gene.

12. To perform hybridization assay systems

13. Immunoblots

14. Point of Care-Membrane Based assays-Dipstick based assays-Immunofilteration-Lateral flow assays

32

15. DNA primer probe selection – Use commercially available probes to amplify gene fragment in clinical samples.

16. To calculate LC 50 / LD 50 for a Toxicant .

17. To analysis and graphically represent Statistical Data.

Reference:

Antibodies: A laboratory manual (1988) Ed Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harber laboratory Press.


33


INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB

BT- 218

L T P Practical V/V : 50 Marks - - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks Time : 3Hrs.1. Sterilization Techniques ( Media , Air , Water ).

2. Construction of various fermenters (Bioreacters ).

3. Identification of industrially important microorganism e.g.molds ,yeasts & bacteria.

4 Production of various products in the lab.- Alcohol, wine , cellulase, protease & bread..

5. Isolation of antibiotic producing microorganism from the soil.

6. Penicillin production & testing of antimicrobial activity.

7. Isolation of streptomysin – resistant mutants by replica plating method .

8. Isolation of U.V. Induced auxotrophic mutants.

9. Testing of microbial enzyme activity in the lab.

10. Determination of cell growth .


1. Fermentations & Biochemical Hand Book , ( 1983) Principles , Process design and equipments. H.C.Vogel, Noyes.

2. Exp. In Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Biotechnology: Aneja K.R.,2003 4th edition New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Microbiology lab. Manual : Cappuccino J.& Sheeman N.,2004, 4th Edition & Addison Wesley,California.4. Manual of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology : 2nd Edition, 1999, by Denain Daeivs J.E.,ASM Press. NOTE. : A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified by

college according to facilities available here.

34


BIO ANALYTICAL TECH LAB

BT – 220

L T P Practical V/V : 25 Marks - - 2 Sessional : 25 Marks Total : 50 Marks Time : 2 hrs.

1. Verification of Beer Lambert Law.

2. Seperation of amino acids / sugars by paper chromatography.

3. Extraction of lipids from tissues and there separations using TLC.

4. Partial purification of an enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation, Ion exchange & gel filtration chromatography of proteins.

5. Determination of molecular weight of an enzyme by gel filtration.

6. Seperation of proteins by SDS-PAGE . 7. Disc Gel electrophoretic separation of isoenzymes .

8. ELISA

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Principles & techniques of Practical Biochemistry : K.Wilson & J.Walker (1994), Cambridge niversity Press, Cambridge.

2. Introductory Practical Biochemistry by S.K.Sawhney & Randhir Singh(2000) Narosa Publising House New.Delhi.

3. An introduction to Practical Biochemistry by David T.Plummer (1988),McGraw Hill, Book Comany. U.K.

NOTE. : A College must offer 70% of the above listed exp. The remaining 30% exp. may be modified

by college according to facilities available here.

35


3RD YEAR B.TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER VTHEFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2007-08

Course No. Course Title

Teaching Schedule

L T P Total

Marks of

Sessional

ExaminationScheme

Theory Pract.

TotalMarks

DurationOf

Exam

BT-301

BT-303

BT-305

BT-307

BT-309

BT-311

BT-313

BT-315

BT-317

BT-319

Bioreactor analysis & Design

Bioprocess Engineering

Downstream Processing

Microbial Biotech.

Enzyme Biotech.

Biostatistics & applications of computer in Biotech

Fermentation & Downstream Proc. Lab.

Microbial Biotech.

Enzyme Biotech.

Biostat & Application of Computer Lab.

3

3

3

3

3

3

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

3

2

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

25

100

100

100

100

100

100

------

-------

------

------

-----

-----

------

------

------

------

50

50

50

25

150

150

150

150

150

150

100

100

100

50

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

TOTAL 18 6 11 35 475 600 175 1250 -

Note: 1. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific

calculator during exam.

36

BT-301 5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Bioreactor Analysis and Design


Total : 150 MarksDuration of Exam: 3 Hours

Unit – ITypes of reactor – Batch, plug flow reactor (PFR), continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), Fluidized bed reactor, bubble column, air lift fermenter, mechanical design of bioreactors

Concept of ideal and non-ideal reactors, residence time distribution, models of non-ideal reactors- plug flow with axial dispersion, tanks-in-series model, chemostat model with cell growth kinetics

Unit-IIPlug flow reactor for microbial processes, optimization of reactor systems.

Reactors for Solid state fermentation.

Multiphase bioreactors- packed bed with immobilized enzymes or microbial cells, three phase fluidized bed trickling bed reactor, design and analysis of above reactor systems

Unit-IIIGas liquid reactors, Unconventional bioreactors-hollow fiber reactor, membrane reactor and perfusion reactor for animal and plant cell culture

High Performance Bio Reactors- Sterile and Non sterile operations- Reactors in Series with and without Recycle. Design of Reactors.

Text / Reference Books:

1. Landfill Bioreactor Design & Operation Debra R. Reinhant, Timothy G. Townsend and Tim Townsend Published by Lewis Publishers, Inc. (23 September, 1997)

2. Multiphase Bioreactor Design Edited by: Joaquim M.S. Cabral, Manuel Mota, Johannes Tramper CRC Press (2001)

3. Biological Treatment of Hazardous Wastes, edited by Prof. Gordon Lewandowshi and Dr. Louis DeFilippi, Publisher: Wiley-Interscience(1997)

37

4. Bioreactor & Ex Situ Biological Treatment Technologies – 5 by Bruce allerman, Bruce C Allerman Andrea Leeson, Published by Battelle Pr (July, 1999)

5. Bioreaction Engineering: Modeling & control by K Schugerl, and K.H. Bellgardt, Published by Springer Verlag (2000)



38

BT-303 5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Bioprocess Engineering



Unit – IIntroduction, history and role of bioprocess engineering in biotechnology industries, Concept of unit operation unit processesIntroduction to Engineering calculation: Variables, their dimensions and units, dimensionally homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations, standard conditions and ideal gases, physical and chemical property data, basics of materials and energy balances in a macroscopic view point

Unit-IIFluid Mechanics: Principle of microbial nutrition, formulation of culture media, selective media, factors influencing the choice of various carbon and nitrogen sources, vitamins, minerals, precursors and antifoam agents, importance of pH, fluid verses solids, fluid static’s mass and energy balance in fluid flow, Bernoulli’s equation, flow past immersed bodies and drag coefficientSterilization of process fluids, recovering and purifying products, integration of reaction and separation

Unit-IIIHeat Transfer: Principles and design of processes involving biochemical reaction, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration and fermentation (involving pure and mixed cultures). Shake flask, batch and continuous operations. Solid state fermentations. Primary and secondary metabolites Energy balances and biochemical kinetics.Diffusion and Mass Transfer: Biological production consideration, large scale production, Enzyme kinetics, cell growth, energetics and mass transfer. Production of Penicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline and other Antibiotics.

Text / Reference Books:1. Bioprocess Engineering, Second Edition, Shuler ML; Kargi F, 2002, Prentice Hall

PTR, New Jersey2. Bioprocessing, Ward, O.P. (1991), New York,3. Bioseparations, Van Nostrand Reinhold. Belter, P.A., Cussler, E.L., Hu, W.S.,

(1988), New York, John Wiley and Sons.4. Process Engineering in Biotechnology, A.T. Jackson5. Bioprocess Technology Fundamentals, Baily and Ollis6. Biochemical Reactors, B. Atkinsom

39

7. Chemical Engineering Vol. 1-6 J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson Pergamon Press.

8. Bioprocess Engineering: Systems, equipments and facilities (1994) Eds. K.B. Lydersen, N.A.D’elia and K.L. Nelson, John Wiley & Sons, New York



40

BT-305 5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Downstream Processing



Unit-IIntroduction, history and scope of downstream processing in biotechnology, problems, requirement of purificationOverview of a bioprocess including upstream and downstream processing.Characteristics of biotechnology products, classes of bioproducts, physicochemical basis of bioseparation

Unit-IIPrinciples, operation, design and scale-up of the following: Mechanical methods: Cell disintegration, separation of particulate by filtration, centrifugation, settling, sedimentation, decanting and microfiltrationPrimary isolation methods including solvent extraction, sorption, precipitation, ultrafiltration and Reverse osmosis. Application of above methods in purification of antibiotics and enzymes. Purification methods: Fractional precipitation, electrophoresis, electrodialysis and various kinds of chromatography.

Unit-IIIEmerging separation techniques- Dynamic immobilization, reverse osmosis, super critical fluid extraction evaporation, super liquid extraction and foam based separationSeparation of intracellular, extracellular, heat and photosensitive materials, Product recovery trains-a few examplesDownstream processes and effluent treatment: applications of Unit Operations in Downstream with special reference to membrane separations & extractive fermentation, anaerobic and aerobic treatment of effluents. Typical examples for downstream processing and effluent disposal in process industries.


1. “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals” 2nd ed J E Bailey and D F Ollis, McGraw Hill (1986)

2. “Principles of fermentation technology” P F Stanbury and A Whitaker, Pergamon press (1984)

3. “Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering”, W.L. McCabe, J .C. Smith and P. Harriott, 6th ed. McGraw Hill (2000)

4. “Separation Process Principles” J.D.Seader & E.J Henley, John Wiley & Sons (1998)

41

5. “Bioseparation: Downstream Processing for Biotechnology”, P.A. Belter, E.L Cussler and W.S. Hu, John Wiley & Sons (1988)

6. Bioseparations Science and Engineering, R.G. Harrison, P.Todd, S.R. Rudge and D.P Petrides, Oxford Press (2003)



42

BT-307 5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

L T P Theory :100 Marks3 1 - Sessional : 50 Marks


UNIT I

Biocatalysis and Enzyme BiotechnologyBiomimetic catalysis, Industrial Biocatalysis, Extremozymes, Modular enzymes, Cofactor dependent enzymes and Cofactor regeneration

Isolation and Purification of EnzymesExtraction of enzymes, Preparation of crude enzymes, purification of enzymes, processing of enzymes.Protein and Enzyme Engineering: Basic principles, methods and their applications.

UNIT II

Metabolic EngineeringHeterogonous gene Expression: Complementing, Transferring and Engineering of metabolic pathways, Redirecting metabolite flowSingle Cell protein (SCP): Introduction, conventional protein sources, substrates, Microorganisms used, SCP from CO2, Carbohydrates, Hydrocarbons.Molecular Breeding of Biosynthetic pathways: Metabolic Engineering for Carotenoid, polyhydroxy-alkanoates and alkaloid biosynthesis.Pathway analysis, Metabolic control analysis, Metabolomics

UNIT III

Microbes and Microbial Genomics for IndustryMicrobial Transformations: Transformation of Steroids, Sorbitol, Sorbose and Antibiotics.Microbes in Paper industry, Biohydrometallurgy and BiomineralizationMicrobial Genomics in industryAnalysis of microbial genomes and their use for designing vaccines and drugs.

43


1. Gupta P.K. (2004) Biotechnology and Genomics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India

2. M.C.E Van Dam-mieras et al., (1997) Biotechnological Innovations in Chemical Synthesis, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.

3. John E. Smith. Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press.4. Gerhardt P, Murray RG, Wood WA & Kreig NR (1994). Methods for General and

Molecular Bacteriology.



44

BT-309 5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech..) Enzyme Biotechnology



UNIT-IEnzymes: Introduction, mechanism of action, isolation, stratergies of purification, criteria of purification, Mol. Wt. Determination and characterization.Application in industrial, medical, analytical, chemical, pharmaceutical and food sector.Immobilized Enzymes: Free vs immobilized enzymes, economic argument for immobilization, methods, kinetics and effect of solute partition and diffusion on it , uses, enzymes deactivation and bioreactors using immobilised enzymes

UNIT-IIDesign and Analysis of enzyme reactors: Ideal reactors, Reactor dynamics, Reactors with non-ideal mixing.Internal and external mass transfer effects in immobilized- enzyme reactors, Intra-particle

diffusion and reaction, operational stability and optimization, general design considerations.

Biocatalysts: Advantages of enzyme vs chemical catalysts, enzyme vs fermentation, applications of biocatalysts: Industry, medicine & analysis, enzyme business in India and abroad.

UNIT-IIILarge scale/Industrial uses of enzymes:Enzyme used in detergents, use of proteases in food, leather and wool industries, production of glucose syrup from starch using starch hydrolyzing enzymes, production of syrup containing maltose, enzyme in sucrose industry, glucose from cellulose. Lactose in dairy industry, glucose oxidase and catalase in food industry and medical application of enzymes.Enzyme reactions in organic media, design and construction of novel enzymes, artificial enzymes. Basic principles of biosensors and their applications.

Text / Reference Books1. Fundamentals of Enzymology by Prices and Stevens Oxford Press (1999)2. Principles of enzymology, for Food Science 1972 by JR Whitkar, M Dekker

Publishers.

45

3. “Biochemical Engineering” by James M.Lee Prentice Hall (1992)4. “ Principles of Biochemistry” by A. Lehninger (1987)5. “Design and Analysis of immobilised Enzyme flow Reactors” by W.R Vieth etal.6. Enzyme: Dixon & Webb IRL Press.7. Principles of Enzymology for technological Applications (1993). Butterworth,

Heinemann Ltd. Oxford.8. Enzymes in Industry: Production and Applications: W.Gerhartz (1990), VCH

Publishers, New York.9. Biocatalyst for Industry: J.S Dordrick (1991), Plenum press, New York.10.Enzyme Technology- M.F. Chablin and C.Buoke, Cambridge University Press

Cambridge 1990.11.Enzyme structure & function by S Blackburn, Marcel Dekker Inc, NY.



46

BT-311

5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)BIOSTATISTICS & APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER IN BIOTECHNOLOGY



UNIT I

Introduction. Basic quantitative methods

Data in Biology: Samples and variables, Frequency distributions, graphics

Descriptive statistics: of location, dispersion and parameters

Probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Normal

UNIT II

Estimation, hypothesis testing: Confidence limits for means, t-distribution, chi-square distribution. Confidence limits for variances, t-tests, comparisons of variances Comparisons of several means: Analysis of Variance, A priori tests, A posteriori testsTwo and three-way analysis of variance

UNIT III

Regression and correlation: Multiple Regression, Analysis of covariance, Nonlinear fitting, Correlation Nonparametric statistics, Goodness of Fit tests, Resampling methods Role of Computer in solving biostatistical problems.

Applications of Statistical Methods in Biotechnology.

Text / Reference Books1. An introduction to biostatistics: Glover, T. and K. Mitchell (2002) McGraw-Hill, NY.

2. Fundamentals of Biostatistics: Bernard Rosner.(1999) ISBN: 0534370683, Duxbury Press.



47

BT-313

5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Fermentation & Downstream Processing Lab.


Duration Time: 3 Hours

1. To study the fermentation of alcohol production by Saccharomyces in apple juice and production of Pectinase and xylanase by Aspergillus niger in solid state & submerged fermentation

2. To study the design and operation of a bioreactor/fabrication

a) Submerged fermenterb) Airlift/air bubble fermenterc) Solid state fermenterd) Hollow fiber fermenter (Design project from books and internet)

2. To study the design and operation of various controls of batch and continuous stirred tank fermentor.

3. Study of factors affecting bioprocesses in submerged fermenters

a) pHb) O2

c) Temperatured) Foame) Ingredients

4. To study the technique of electrophoresis and electrodialysis.

5. To study the technique of immobilization.

6. To study super critical fluid extraction evaporation and super liquid extraction.

7. To study the design and operation of down stream processing which includes Industrial filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, extraction, precipitation, crystallization, chromatography, evaporation etc.

48

8. Purify a bacterial proteina) Cell lysis by different methodsb) Cell debris separation by different methodsc) Column purification

i. Separation by Mol. Wt.ii. By chargeiii. By metal affinityiv. By Receptor-Ligand affinity

b) Dialysisc) Ultrafilterationd) Crystallizatione) Lyophilization

9. Purification of O-PSa) Cell lysisb) Harvesting of cellsc) Purification of O-PS antigens

References:1. Bioprocess Engineering: Systems, equipments and facilities (1994) Eds. K.B.

Lydersen, N.A.D’elia and K.L. Nelson, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

2. Bioprocess Technology- Kinetics and Reactors (1988) Anton Moser, Springer-Verlag, New York.

3. Bioseparations- Downstream processing for biotechnology (1988) Belter, P.A, Cussler, E.L. , Hu, W.S., John Wiley and Sons. New York.

4. Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, biocatalysis and bioseparation Vol. 1-5 (1999) Eds. M.C. Flickinger and S.W. Drew, John Wiley & Sons New York.

5. Physical Biochemistry: Principles & Applications (2000) David Sheehan, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. New York.

6. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Edition (1983) D. Friefelder, W. H. Freeman & Co. USA.

7. Biophysical Chemistry: Principles and techniques 2nd Edition (2002) A. Upadhayay, K Upadhaya and N.Nath Himalaya Publication House. New Delhi.


49

BT-317

5th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.) Enzyme Technology Lab.



1. Purification of an enzyme (oxalate oxidase) by gel filteration and ion exchange chromatography.

2. Testing of purity of purified enzyme (oxalate oxidase)

3. To determine the molecular weight of enzymes by gel filteration method.

4. To immobilize an enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) on an insoluble and soluble support.

5 To study the industrial production of alcohol from molasses.

6. To study the process of fermentation process of vitamin B12 by using Propionibacterium shermani

Reference:

1. Enzymes in Industry: Production and Applications: W.Gerhartz (1990), VCH Publishers, New York.

2. Biocatalyst for Industry: J.S Dordrick (1991), Plenum press, New York.


50

BT-3195th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

Biostat & Application of Computer in BioTechnology



In this paper the students are to be exposed tabulation of data and its graphic

presentation, Measure of central tendency, mean median, mode, S.D, Variance, Test of

significance, Regression and correlation

Introduction of Digital Comp, low level and high level language, Binary number system,

Introduction of Internet and its appls, M-S Office etc, Computer oriented statistical

technique .

51

M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION

3RD YEAR B. TECH.IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER VITH

EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2007-08

Course No.

Course TitleTeaching Schedule

L T P otal

Marks of

Sessional

ExaminationScheme

Theory Pract.

TotalMarks

DurationOfExam

BT-302

BT-304

BT-306

BT-308

BT-310

BT-312

BT-314

BT-316

BT-318

BT-320

Plant Biotechnology

Animal BiotechnologyEnvironmental Biotechnology

Food Biotechnology

Bioethics & Biosafety

Intellectual Property Right in Biotech.

Plant Biotech. Lab

Food Biotechnology Lab

Environmental Biotechnology Lab

Animal Biotech.Lab.

3

3

3

3

3

3

-

-

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

3

2

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

25

100

100

100

100

100

100

----

-------

------

------

-----

-----

------

------

------

------

50

50

50

25

150

150

150

150

150

150

100

100

100

50

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

TOTAL 18 6 11 35 475 600 175 1250 -

3. Students are allowed to use single memory, non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.

52

BT-302 6th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

Plant Biotechnology



UNIT I

Introduction, Cryo and organogenic differentiation, Types of culture: Seed, Embryo, Callus, Organ, Cell and Protoplast culture.

MicropopagationAxillary bud proliferation, Meristem and shoot tip culture, bud culture, organogenesis, embryogenesis, advantages and disadvantages of micropopagation.

In Vitro haploid productionAndrogenic methods: Anther culture, Microspore culture, factors effecting and rogenesis.Significance and use of haploids, Ploidy level and chromosome doubling, diplodization, Gynogenic haploids, factors effecting gynogenesis, chromosome elimination techniques for production of haploids in cereals.

53

UNIT II

Protoplast Isolation and fusionMethods of protoplast isolation, Protoplast development, Somatic hybridization, identification and selection of hybrid cells, Cybrids, Potential of somatic hybridization, limitations

Somaclonal variationNomenclature, methods, applications basis and disadvantages. Gametoclonal variation

Plant Growth Promoting bacteriaNitrogen fixation, Nitrogenase, Hydrogenase, Nodulation, Biocontrol of pathogens, Growth promotion by free-living bacteria

UNIT III

Plant Molecular BiologyPlant gene structure as a discontinuous gene, Control sequences

54

Gene transfer in plants: Transient and stable gene expression, Marker genes, selected markers, Chimeric gene vectors.

Gene transfer methodsAgrobacterium, Viruses and Transposable elements. Vectorless or direct DNA transfer: Physical, Chemical and imbibation methods of gene transfer.

Transgenics in crop improvementResistance to biotic stresses- insect, virus and disease (fungus and

bacterium) resistance, Herbicide resistance, Development of

stress and senecsence-tolerance-Oxidative stress, salt stress and

fruit ripening, Transgenics for: improved quality, longer life,

flower color and shapes, for male sterility, for terminator seed.

Trangenic plants as bioreactors: production of carbohydrates,

lipids, vitamins and minerals, biodegradable plastics, peptides,

proteins and edible vaccines. Commercial transgenic crops.

55


1. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology: by H.S Chawla, 2nd

edition, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd. New Delhi

2. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of recombinat DNA Bernard R Glick, Jack.J. Pasternak, ASM press Washingot DC.

3. Plant Tissue culture: Theory and Practice. S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan, Elsevier Science, Netherlands (1996)

4. Improving Plant draught, salt and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor (1999) Nature Biotechnology 17(3): 287-291. Kasuga, M., Q Liu, et al.

5. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis phytochrome B in transgenic potato influences photosynthetic performance and tuber development (1999) Physiology 120, (1): 73-81 Thiele, A., M. Herold, et al.

6. Building better trees with antisense (1999) Nature Biotechnology 17(8): 750-751 Sederoff R.

7. Exploiting the full potential of disease-resistance genes for agricultural use Curr Opin Biotechnol 2000 Apr; 11(2): 120-5 Review Rommens CM, Kishiore GM

56

8. Directed molecular evolution in plant improvement.Curr Opin Plant Biol.2001 Apr;4(2): 152-6 Review Lassner M, Bedbrook J.

Note: Eight questions will be set in the question paper.

Students will be required to attempt five questions. Selecting

atleast one from each unit.

57


ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


Total :150 Marks

Duration of Exam: 3 Hours

UNIT I

Introduction: History and scope of animal biotechnology.Basic technique of animal cell culture & their applications. Balanced salt solutions and simple growth media. Serum quality and cell culture.Preservation and maintenance of animal cell lines. Cryo preservation and transport of animal germ plasm (i.e. semen, ovum and embryos)

UNIT II

Transgenic animals; Methodology – retroviral vector method, DNA microinjection method and engineered

58

embryonic stem cell method. Cloning by nuclear transfer. Yeast artificial chromosome transgenesis.In Vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

UNIT III

Molecular biological techniques for rapid diagnosis of genetic diseases and gene therapy. Molecular maps of animal genomes. Chemical carcinogenesis. Transfection. Oncogenes and antioncogenes.Gene cloning techniques for mammalian cells, Establishment of immortal cell lines, cloning in mammalian cells, expression of mammalian genes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Extinction of gene function by antisense RNA and DNA.


1. Molecular Biotechnology by Old and Primrose.

2. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of recombinant DNA By Bernard R. Glick, Jack. J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition. ASM press Washington DC.

3. Animal Cell biotechnology: R.E. Spier and J.D Griffiths (1988) Academic press.

59

4. Living resources for Biotechnology, Animal cells: A. Doyle, R. Hay and B.E. Kirsop (1990), Cambridge University Press, cambridge.

5. Animal Biotechnology: Murray Moo-Young (1989), Pergamon Press, Oxford.




60

BT-3066th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Environmental Biotechnology


Total : 150 Marks


Unit-IEnvironment: Introduction, basic concept and issues, current status of biotechnology in environment protection, approaches for management methodology and limitations.Environment Pollution: types of pollution in air, water and soil, water as a scare natural resource, sources of pollution, measurement, collection and treatment.

Unit-IIMicrobiology of Waste Water Treatment: Waste water collection, treatments – physical, chemical and biological process, aerobic and anaerobic process, activated sludge, oxidation ditches, filters, rotating discs and drums, and bioreactors.Treatment schemes for waste waters of diary, distillery, tannery, sugar, antibiotics industries.

61

Microbiology of degradation of xenobiotics: Xenobiotic compounds, Hazardous wastes, Biodegradation, ecological consideration, biological detoxification, biotechnological management.

Unit-IIIBioremediation: introduction, types, advantages, systems, applications and current market, restoration of degraded soil and waste land.Biopesticides in integrated pest management and solid waste management.Global Environmental Problems: Ozone depletion, UV-B, green house effect, acid rain, their impact and management.Novel Methods for Pollution Control: Vermitechnology, Waste Water Treatment Using Aquatic Plants, Root Zone Treatment. Aiming for Biodegradable and Ecofriendly Products.

Text / Reference Books:1. “Waste water Engineering Treatment and Disposal and

Reuse” by Metcalf & Eddy.2. “Water Pollution Management hand Book” by

Lepathak.3. “Waste Water Management” by Arceivala.4. “Environment Biotechnology” by C.F. Forster and D.A.

J. Wase.5. “New Processes of Waste water treatment and

recovery” by G. Mattock (ED) Ellis Horwood.

62

6. “Biochemical Engineering fundamentals” 2nd ed. by J.E. Bailey and D F Ollis, McGraw-Hill (1986). Chapters 12 & 14

7. “Environment Biotechnology” by Jogdand.8. Comprehensive Biotechnology (Vol 1-4) by Murray

Moo- Young (Editor) Pergamon Press.




63


Food Biotechnology


Total :150 Marks


UNIT-I

Historical Background: history of Microorganisms in food, Historical Developments.Sources, types, Incidence, and behaviour of Microorganisms in Foods: The Role and significance of Microorganisms, Primary sources of Microorganisms found in foods, Synopsis of common food-borne bacteria, Synopsis of Genera of Molds common to foods, Synopsis of Genera of Yeasts common to foods.Microbial, Intrinsic and Extrinsic parameters of foods.Food additives like colouring, flavours and vitamins. Organisms and their use in pickling, producing colour and flavours, alcoholic beverages and other products.

64

UNIT-IIDeterming Microorganisms and their products in foods: Culture, Microscopic and Sampling Methods, Conventional, SPC, Membrane Filters, Microscopic Colony Counts, Agar droplets, Dry films, MPN, DMC, Dye reduction, Roll Tubes, Microbiological Examination of surfaces and sampling, Metabolically Injured Organism, Enumeration and Detection of food borne Organisms. Physical, Chemical and Immunological Methods and Bioassay.Microbial role in food process operations and productionMechanisms of enzyme functions and reactions in process

techniques-starch and sugar conversion processes or baking by

amylases; de-oxygenation and desugaring by glucose oxidase,

beer mashing and chill-proofing or cheese making by proteases

and various other enzyme catalytic actions in food processing.

UNIT-IIINew protein foods: SCP, mushroom, food yeast’s, algal proteins, fermentation as a method of preparing and preserving foods.Food Spoilage: Spoilage of fruits and Vegetables, Microbial Spoilage of Vegetables, Spoilage of fruits, Spoilage of Fresh and Processed Meats, Poultry, Sea foods, Spoilage of Miscellaneous Foods, Food preservation, Rheology of food production, Characteristics

65

of Radiations of Interest in Food Preservation, Destruction of Microorgansims and Applications, Radappertization, Radieidation and Radurization of food legal status of food irradiationStorage and Stability of food Preservation: High and Low Temperature, Drying, Pathogens, Psychrotrophs, thermophiles and radiation resistance MicroorganismsProcess wastes- whey, molasses, starch substrates and other food waste for bioconversation to useful products.

Text / Reference Books3. Modern Food Micro-Biology by J.M. Jay (1986) Van

Nostrand Reinhold company New York.




66


Bioethics and Biosafety


Total :150 Marks


UNIT-IIntroduction: public acceptance issues for Biotechnology, case studies in Bioethics/experiences from developing and developed countries. Biotechnology and hunger. Challenges for Indian, biotechnological research and Industries. Key to the environmentally responsible use of biotechnology. Ethical implications of biotechnological products and techniques.

Ethical issues in Medicine and Life Sciences:Human Genome Project: Eugenics, Genetic Disease and Genetic Screening. Gene Therapy- potential ramification of Somatic & Germ – line Gene Therapy.

67

UNIT-IIReproductive Technologies:Artificial Insemination, In Vitro Fertilization (IV F), Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) & Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT),SurrogacyInvoluntary SterilizationDrug abuse during PregnancyTransplantation and Xenografting:Fetal Tissue Transplantation.Xenografts

AIDSDisclosureTransmission-Health Care Industry

Unit-IIIEuthanasia (Right to Die):Advance Directives, Living Wills, Resuscitate OrdersPhysician Assisted Suicide vs. death due to withdrawing/ withholding treatment.Social and ethical aspects of biological weapons.The Cartagena Protocol on BiosafetyBiosafety Management: environmentally responsible use of biotechnology.Good Safety Practices:GLP StandardsLab contaminants

68


1. Moral Matters: Ethical Issues in Medicine and the Life Sciences (1995) by Caplan, A, John Willey & Sons, Inc.

2. In the Name of Eugenics (1995) by Kevles, D., Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

3. Altered fates Gene Therapy and retooling of Human Life (1995) by Lyon, J. & Gorner, P., New York: W.W. Norton &Co., Inc

4. Case Studies in Bioetheics (1995) by Yashon, R.., R.J. Publications.

5. Cartagena Protocol in Biosafety, January (2000)

6. Biological warfare in the 21st century (1994), by M.R. Dano, Brassies London.

7. Safety Considerations for Biotechnology (1992) OECD, Paris.

8. Biosafety Management (2000) by P.L. Traynor. Virginia Polytechnic Institute’s Publication.

69




70

BT-312

7th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology


Total :150 Marks


Introduction : General, Patent claims, The legal Decision making process, ownership of Tangible and Intellectual Property.

Basic Requirements of Patentability: Subject matter, Novelty and Public Domain, Nonobviousness.

Special Issue in Biotechnology Patents: Disclosure Requirements, Collaborative Research, Competitive Research, Plant Biotechnology, Foreign Patents.

71

Patent Litigation: Substantive Aspects of Patent Litigation, Procedural Aspects of Patent Litigation, Recent Developments in Patent System and patentability of Biotechnological invention, IPR issues in Indian context.


The law and Strategy of Biotechnology Patents, Sibley Kenneth.


Students will be required to attempt five questions.

72

BT-314

6th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech. ) PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Lab.

L T P Practical : 50 Marks- - 3 Sessional : 50 Marks Duration Time: 3 Hours

1. Preparations of liquid and solid plant tissue culture media

2. To induce roots at the base of shoots to get plantlet

3. Transplantation of rooted shoots to soil

4. Protoplast isolation and culture

5. Anther culture and production of haploid

6. To induce somatic embryos using carrot

73

7. To generate transforming (transgenics) of a plant species using Agrobacterium tumefaciens

8. Isolation of DNA/RNA form cultured cells and compare with seeds.

BT-316

6th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech. )Food Tech. Lab.



74

7. To study the process of production of Brewer/Baker/Folder yeast.

8. To study and demonstration of the process of production of single cell protein using loop type fermentor.

9. To study the influence of various factors such as raw material/ Fermentation process/cell lamenting/washing/Product value etc for production of single cell proteins.

10. To study and demonstration of the process of yogurt manufacture plant.

11. To study and demonstration of process of pasteurization to improve the storage quantities of milk, fruit juice and other food items.

12. To study the various physical methods such as heat, cold, dehydration, high osmotic pressure etc for preservation of food.

Reference:

1. Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture (1998) J.H. Dodde and I.W. Robert.

75

2. Modern Food Micro-Biology by J.M. Jay (1986) Van Nostrand Reinhold company New York.



Environmental Biotechnology Lab.



1. Determination of water TDS, salinity, alkalinity, hardness and BOD.

2. Estimation of heavy metals in water/soil samples.

76

3. Estimation of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate in drinking water

1. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage samples

2. Isolation of xenobiont degrading bacteria by selective enrichment techniques

3. Degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria

4. Study on Biogenic methane production in different habitats.

5. Determine the efficiency of removal of air pollutant using fibrous air filter.

6. Effect of sulphur dioxide on crop plants.

7. Survey of degradative plasmids in microbes growing in polluted environment.

Text / Reference Books:1 “Waste water Engineering Treatment and Disposal and

Reuse” by Metcalf & Eddy.

2 “Water Pollution Management hand Book” by Lepathak.

3. “Waste Water Management” by Arceivala.

77

4. “Environment Biotechnology” by C.F. Forster and D.A. J. Wase.

5. “New Processes of Waste water treatment and recovery” by G. Mattock (ED) Ellis Horwood.

Note: A college must offer 70% of the above listed experiments. The remaining 30% experiments may be modified by college according to facilities available.BT-320

6th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)Animal Biotechnology Lab.



1. Primary cell culture of human lymphocytes.

2 Induction of interferon in cell culture.

3. Culture of Fibroblast and Epithelial cells

78


1 Culture of Animal Cells – amanual of basic techiques. 4th

Edition R.I Freshney, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

M.D.UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK

79

SCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATION4TH YEAR B. TECH. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, SEMESTER

VII TH

EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION 2008-09

Course No.

Course Title

Teaching Schedule

L T P Total

Marks of

sessional

Examination

Scheme

Theo Prac

Total

Marks

Duration

OfExam

BT-401

BT-403

BT-405

BT-407

BT-409

BT-411

BT-413

BT-415

Recombinant Drug and Vaccine Development

Bioinformatics

Biosensors

DNA micro array Tech

Stem Cells in Health

Marketing management of Biotech Products

3

3

3

3

3

3

-

-

1

1

1

1

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

100

100

100

100

100

100

------

-----

-----

------

------

------

150

150

150

150

150

150

100

100

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

80

BT-417

BT- 419

Recombinant Drug and Vaccine Development LabBioinformatics Lab.

Biosensor Lab

DNA microarray & Stem Cell Lab

- - 3

2

3

2

50

25

-------

------

50

50

50

25

100

50

3

2

TOTAL

18

6 11 35 475

600

175

1250

-

Note: 1. Students are allowed to use single memory,

non-programmable scientific calculator during exam.

81

BT-401


Recombinant Drug and Vaccine Development


Total :150 Marks


UNIT IDrug Development:Simple proteins and therapeutic agents: Proteins as therapeutic agents, Choice of expression systems and optimizing gene expression. Applications, delivery and targeting of therapeutic proteins. Engineering human interferons and human growth hormones. Regulatory aspects of therapeutic proteins.Enzymes as therapeutic agents: Use of genetically engineered DNase I and alginate Lyase for treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

82

UNIT IIMonoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutic agents: Production of Monoclonal antibodies. Human Monoclonal antibodies-its scope and limitations. Hybrid Human-Mouse antibodies.Production of Antibodies in E.Coli.Approaches for producing HIV Therapeutic agents

Vaccine Development:Viral & Bacterial diseases. Diseases caused by Protozoan and Parasitic worms (Helminths). Emerging Infectious diseases. Active and Passive Immunity. Autoimmunity. Rational of Immunization. Diseases controllable by vaccination.

UNIT IIIVaccines:Designing Vaccines adjuvants. Whole organisms vaccines-attenuated viruses and bacteria. Inactivation of pathogenic organisms by heat and chemical treatment.Purified macromolecules as vaccines: Bacterial polysaccharides, proteins and toxins as vaccines.Recombinant vaccines: Subunit, Attenuated and Vector vaccines.

Multivalent vaccines, Vaccine development against AIDS. Commercial and regulatory aspects of vaccine production and its distribution.

83

Text / Reference Books1. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles Application of

Recombinant DNA by Bernard R Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 2nd Edition ASM press Washington DC.

2. Basic Biotechnology by Ratledge and Kristiansen, 2nd

Ed. Cambridge University press.3. New generation vaccines by woodsaw, GC &

LeineHM, Marcel Dekker Inc., NY.4. Recombinant DNA vaccines: Rationale & Strategies

by Richard E.I, Marcel Dekker Inc., NY.




84

BT- 4037th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

Bioinformatics


Total : 150 Marks


UNIT-I

Introduction: Internet, intranet and extranet, networking, protocols, genomic data, organization, representation, data base management systems.Sequencing Data Bank: Introduction, collecting and storing sequence in laboratory, Nucleic acid data bank – Gen Bank, EMBL, AIDS and rNA, protein data bank (PDB), Cambridge structural database (CSD), Genome data bank, hybridoma data bank structure and others.

UNIT-IISequence analysis: Analysis tools for sequence data banks, Pair wise alignment: NEEDLEMAN and WUNSCH algorithms, Smith Waterman, Multiple alignment – CLUSTRIAL, PRAS, BLAST, FASTA, sequence patterns and motifs and profiles

85

Predictions: Secondary and Tertiary structure: algorithms Chao-Fasman algorithm, Hidden Markov model, Neural Networking, Protein classification, Fold Libraries, Fold recognition (threading), homology detection, SRS-Access to biological data banks and integrated data analysis tools.

UNIT-IIIManaging Scientific data: Introduction, challenges faced in integration of Biological information, SRS, Kleisli Query System TAMBIS, P/FDM Mediator for a Bioinformatics Database. Federation, Discovery link and Data management


1. Developing Bioinformatics Computer Skill by Gibes & Jombeck, Shroff Publication

2. Bioinformatics by David W. Mount3. Bioinformatics by Higgins & Taylor4. Bioinformatics by Lacroin & Critchlow




86

BT-405


Bio sensors


Total :150 Marks


1. Introduction to Biosensors, concept and applications

2. Biosensors for personal diabetic management

3. Micro fabricated sensors and commercial development of the i Stat Point-of-care system.

4. Non-invasion Biosensors in Clinical Analysis

5. Surface Plasmon Resonance

87

6. Biosensors based on Evanescent Waves

7. Applications by Biosensor based instruments to the bioprocess industry

8. Applications of Biosensors to environment sample

9. Introduction to Biochips and their application in modern sciences.


1. Commercial Biosensors Graham Ramsay, John Wiley Publishers



BT- 407E7th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech.)

DNA Microarray Technology

L T P Theory :100 Marks

88

3 1 0 Sessional : 50 Marks

Total :150 Marks


Introduction: Technology behind DNA Microarray,

hybridization, SAGE, parallel sequencing, Image analysis, Basic

Data Analysis; Normalization, Dye Bias, Expression Indices,

Fold change, mixed cell population, visualization by reduction of

dimensionality.

Cluster analysis: Hierarchical Clustering, K means clustering.

Self-organizing maps, Distance measures, Time series analysis,

Gene Normalization, function Prediction Integrated analysis and

system biology.

Reverse Engineering of Regulatory Network: Time series

approach, Steady state approach limitation of network modeling,

89

molecular classifiers: feature selection, validation, schemes,

performance evaluation, Genotyping and Resequencing chips

Experimental design and Interpretation of Result: Factorial

Design, Two Channel Array, Hypothesis Driven Experiments,

independent verification, Interpretation of Results, Limitation of

Expression Analysis, Software Issues and Data Formats,

Commercial Software Packages


1. Guide to Analysis of DNA (Microarray DNA) 2nd Ed (2004)

by Steen Kundsen, John Wiley

2. DNA Microarray by Bowtell. D

90

3. DNA Arrays : Technology and Experimental Strategies by

Grigorenko



91


Stem Cells in Health Care

L T P Theory :100 Marks3 1 Sessional : 50 Marks

Total :150 Marks


1. Cell Diversification in the Early Animal Embryo: Early

development of Xenopus, Spatial Segregation, Inductive

Interactions, Complex Pattern of Cell Responses, Cellular

response to a signal, the role of an Intracellular clock, early

mammalian embryo development, Control of mammalian

embryonic stem cells on pathways of development.

92

2. Renewal by Stem Cells: Epidermis: Division of Stem

cells, epidermal stem cells, differentiation of epidermal

cells and synthesis of keratins, epidermal stem cells as a

subset of basal cells, regulation of basal cell proliferation,

secretory cells in the epidermis and their population

kinetics.

3. Genesis, Modulation and Regeneration of skeletal

muscle: New skeletal Muscle cells form by the fusion of

myoblasts, muscle cells can vary their properties by

changing the protein isoforms that they contain, some

myoblasts persists as Quiescent stem cells in the adult

summary

4. Fibroblast and their Transformations: Connective tissue cell family, Fibroblasts and their character in response to signals in the extracellular matrix, its influence on connective tissue cell differentiation,

93

action of signaling molecules on regulation of cell production, Remodling of bone, Osteoblasts secretion of bone matrix, Erosion, Cartilage development, bone structure stabilization by connective tissue framework and selective cohesion of cells.

5. The concept of the Hemopoietic stem cell: Hemopoietic

Stem cell disorders, Classification and manifestations,

Aplastic and myleodysplastic disorders, Clinical

applications of colony stems, complications of gene

therapy, Replacement therapy, marrow transplantation,

Immunological principles, Preservation and clinical use of

blood and blood components.


1. Development Biology, 6th Edition, Scott F, Gilbert

94

2. Hematology, William J. Williams, Earnest Beutler, Allan

J.U, Marshall A.


Students will be required to attempt five questions

95

BT- 411E

7th Semester B.Tech. (Biotech. )

Marketing & Management of Biotechnology Products


Total :150 Marks


1. Fundamentals of Marketing

2. The marketing and selling of Biotechnology

3. Creating and marketing the image of the biotechnology

Company

96

4. Power and importance of Positioning of a company name

and product

5. The Art of Negotiation

6. Workable marketing and the strength of distribution

7. Effective advertising and marketing

8. Opportunities international, marketing and lessons to be

learned

97

9. Steps involved in commercialization of a biotechnological

product.


Positioning by All Rise and Jack Trout (1986), Warner Books.



98

BT-413


Recombinant Drug and Vaccine Lab.


Total : 100 Marks Duration Time: 3 Hours

A) Aptamer Selection Procedure1. Target Selection Antigen2. SELEX3. (Selective Exponential selection with Biotinilated

Primers)4. Sequencing5. Secondary Structure

B) Bacterial O-PS antigen purificationPeptide O-PS linkage

99

1. Cell mediated immunity2. Functionalising adjuvants3. [Covalent linkage + purification (sephadex)]4. (Check Spectrophotometrically)

C) Phage Display1. Phage Display Selection2. Biopasning

Reference Books:

1. Molecular Cloning – a laboratory manual 3rd Edition Vol. 1 –3 (2001) J. Sambrook and D. W Russell, Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press, New York.

2. Antibodies: A laboratory manual (1988) Ed Harlow and David Lane, Cold Spring Harbor laboratory Press.

3. DNA cloning : A Practical Approach by Glover and Hames

100


101

BT-415


Bioinformatics Lab.


Total : 100 Marks


1. DNA sequence analysis using BLAST

2. Secondary and Tertiary structure predictions by fold recognition and homology search.

3. Molecular modeling and dynamics using small oligonucleotides and protein with known crystal structure.

4. Drug designing using available data.

102

Reference Books:

1. Bioinformatics: A practical guide by Baxeuarus and Ovelletie, John Wiley Publishers.


103

BT-417


Biosensor Lab.


Total : 100 Marks


Note: Course of this lab is to be designed later on.

104

BT-419


DNA microarray & Stem Cell Lab


Total : 50 Marks


105

Note: Course of this lab is to be designed later on.

106

MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKSCHEME OF STUDIES & EXAMINATIONS

B.TECH BioTech. 4th YEAR (SEMESTER - VIII)

Credit: S.NO Course No. Subject Teaching Schedule Exam Schedule(Marks) Total Marks Annual Exam Continuous Assessment.

1. BT-402 Industrial 8 hours per day 250 300 550

Project Training for 7 months

Procedure for Annual Exam and continuous Assessment of

(A) Annual Exams Marks

1. Project Evaluation 50 Marks2. Project Seminar 50 Marks3. Project Viva 150 marks

(B) Continuous Assessment Marks

1. Assessment by Institute faculty 100 Marks

107

2. Assessment by Industrial Guide 150Marks 3. Conduct Marks 50 marks

Total 550 Marks

Practical training Report, Seminar and Viva Voce

Note: After completion of B.Tech seventh semester, the students will under go for one semester practical training in any recognized industry/ institution. This training will be held in eighth semester in continuation with winter vacation succeeding the seventh semester. The actual duration of training will depend on the nature and the size of the project allotted to the student. However, the total duration of training should not be less than four and half months. After completion of training, each student will submit the consolidated report dully approved by the training authority. A board of examiners consisting of one internal and one external will conduct the viva voce examination and evaluation of the report.

108

Documents

M · Web viewClassification of Microorganisms : – Microbial Taxonomy, Criteria used including molecular approaches, Microbial phylogeny and Current classification of bacteria.. Microbial