Madiba Moments

8/13/2019 Madiba Moments

1/65

reason rial, 1956

An electronic book rom Brand South Arica

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: A photographic tribute

Madiba Moments


2/65

Madiba MomentsNelson Rolihlahla Mandela

A photographic tribute

Photograph: Eli WeinbergRIMUWCMayibuye Archives

Produced by Brand South Arica

Visit our website at www.southarica.ino


3/65

reason rial, 1956

Madiba Moments

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

A photographic tribute

Publisher: Brand South Arica

June 2013

Produced or Brand South Arica by

Big Media Publishers, Parktown, Johannesburg

Photo research: Gail Behrmann

A athers sorrow: Nelson Mandela grieves the death o his second

son Makgatho, who died o AIDS in 2005. He also calls on

amilies to talk openly about those close to them who die o AIDS.

Photograph: AP-Picturenet


4/65

he name Nelson Mandela is synonymous with the universal strug-

gle or human rights, reedom and democracy. He will go down in

history as one o the worlds great statesmen, not only or the im-

pact his leadership had on the lives o South Aricans, but because

he inspired people across the globe to fight or their own rights.

Even as a young man, he showed his mettle by his reusal to compromise his

principles under pressure, and by his willingness to make great personal sacri-

fices.

He spent almost a third o his lie in prison, but even behind bars he could

never be ignored, remaining a political orce to be reckoned with.

During the our difficult years that ollowed his release rom prison, it was

his extraordinary skill at reaching out to his political enemies that brought the

country back rom anarchy, violence and hatred.

Even in his last years, having lef public office, he continued to be an inspir-

ing advocate or peace and social justice around the world, and ollowing the

death o his own son a determined campaigner or AIDS awareness.

Tis e-book, a compilation o photographs, mementos and quotes, is Brand

South Aricas tribute to the lie o a man who, more than anyone else, can be

said to have saved South Arica.

Chichi Maponya, Chairperson, Brand South Arica

IntroductionNelson Mandela makeshis first public speechafer his release rom

prison, in February 1990.

Photograph: Cedric Nunn, Arica Media Online


5/65

reason rial, 1956

I learned that courage was not the absence o ear,

but the triumph over it. I elt ear mysel more times than

I can remember, but I hid it behind a mask o boldness.Te brave man is not he who does not eel araid,

but he who conquers that ear.

From Mandelas 1994 autobiography: Long Walk to FreedomPublished by Little Brown and Co

A PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


6/65

1918: roublemaker rom birth

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on

18 July 1918 in Mvezo in the Eastern

Cape province, the son o a chie o the

embu clan o the Xhosa nation. At

the age o seven he was enrolled in the local mission-

ary school, where he was given the name Nelson

by a Methodist teacher who ound his Arican name

difficult to pronounce. Tat name, Rolihlahla, means

troublemaker.

When Mandela was still a small boy, his ather, a

proud and stubborn man, ell into a dispute with a

local magistrate whose summons he had ignored. He

was stripped o his chiefainship, his land and his cat-

tle. Facing penury, he sent Mandela and his motherto stay with her amily in the small village o Qunu.

In 1927, when Mandela was nine, his ather died,

and the boy became the ward o the Tembu regent,

Jongintaba Dalindyebo. He was to be groomed to

assume high office but, influenced by the cases that

came beore the chies court, decided to become a

lawyer.

In 1939, afer he had matriculated rom school,

Mandela enrolled at the University College o Fort

Hare or a bachelor o arts degree. But the ollowing

year, afer being suspended rom college or joining in

a protest boycott and fleeing an arranged marriage, he

moved to South Aricas principal city, Johannesburg.



7/65

Te home where Mandela grew up

Te village o Qunu, not much changed rom the days when Mandela spent hischildhood here. Tis is the house he stayed in, the property o Tembu ParamountChie Jongintaba Dalindyebo, who took in the boy and his mother afer Mandelasather, also a chie, was deprived o his property ollowing a dispute with a magistrate.Mandelas ather had our wives; his mother Noqaphi Nosekeni was the third wie.

Photograph: Eva Lotta Jansson, Arica Media Online A PUBLICATION OF BRAND SOUTH AFRICA


8/65

An idyllic rural childhood

My mother presided over three huts at

Qunu which, as I remember, were

always filled with the babies and chil-

dren o my relations. In act, I hardly

recall any occasion as a child when I was alone ...

O my mothers three huts, one was used or cook-

ing, one or sleeping, and one or storage. In the hut

in which we slept, there was no urniture in the West-

ern sense. We slept on mats and sat on the ground. I

did not discover pillows until I went to Mqhekezweni.

My mother cooked ood in a three-legged iron pot

over an open fire in the centre o the hut or outside.

Everything we ate we grew and made ourselves ...

From an early age, I spent most o my ree time inthe veld playing and fighting with the other boys o

the village. A boy who remained at home tied to his

mothers apron strings was regarded as a sissy.

At night, I shared my ood and blanket with these

same boys. I was no more than five when I became a

herd-boy, looking afer sheep and calves in the fields.

I discovered the almost mystical attachment that the

Xhosa have or cattle, not only as a source o ood and

wealth, but as a blessing rom God and a source o

happiness.

It was in the fields that I learned how to knock

birds out o the sky with a slingshot, to gather wild

honey and ruits and edible roots, to drink warm,

sweet milk straight rom the udder o a cow, to swim

in the clear, cold streams, and to catch fish with twine

and sharpened bits o wire.

From Mandelas autobiography: Long Walk to Freedom



9/65

Xhosa boys o early 20th Century

Tere are no photographs o Mandela as a child. But these young Xhosa boys are dressed in blankets similar to the kind he wouldhave worn. In his biography he remarks that the women and children wore blankets dyed with red ochre, not western clothes.

Photograph: Cory Library/Arica Media Online A PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


10/65


11/65

Church membership cards

Te young Nelson Mandelas signature on Methodist Church membership cards. Troughout his lie Mandela emphasised theimportance o religion to him. He told a Methodist Church congress in Durban in 1998: Religious organisations also played akey role in exposing apartheid or what it was a raud and a heresy. It was encouraging to hear o the God who did not tolerateoppression, but who stood with the oppressed.

Photographs: ANC Archive, Fort HareA PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


12/65

1942: Mandela enters politics

Arriving in Alexandra township in the

north o the city, the young Mandela

ound work as a guard at one o

Johannesburgs many gold mines, and

later as an articled clerk at a law firm.

He completed his degree by correspondence at the

University o South Arica, and began to study law at

the University o the Witwatersrand.

In 1942 Mandela entered politics by joining the

Arican National Congress (ANC), South Aricas

major liberation movement and today the countrys

ruling party. It was during this time that he and a

small group o mainly young members o the ANC

embarked on a mission to transorm the party into amass movement.

In 1944 he, Anton Lembede and Mandelas lielong

riends and comrades Oliver ambo and Walter

Sisulu ounded the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).

Tat year he also married his first wie, Evelyn

Mase. Tey had our children: sons Tembekile and

Makgatho, and two daughters named Makaziwe

(the first died as a baby). But Mandela, increasingly

involved in politics, proved an absent husband

and his marriage to the apolitical Evelyn, a devout

Jehovahs Witness, was not to last.

In 1947 Mandela was elected president o

the ANCYL. He was soon to conront his first

challenge: In 1948, the National Party was voted into

government by a white electorate on the platorm oapartheid.



13/65

Chancellor House: Te ANC offices

Central Johannesburg in the nineteen orties, as a young Nelson

Mandela would have seen it when he first arrived in the city.

Photograph: Museum Arica


14/65

A smoothyoung man

about town

In some o the earliest photographso Mandela, he is already a youngman about town, best known or hisimpeccable dress sense. At right, hestands on the porch o photographerEli Weinbergs house. Bo

thphotographs:EliWeinberg/RIM-UWC-MayibuyeArc

hive

s

A PUBLICATION OF BRAND SOUTH AFRICA


15/65

reason rial, 1956 Mandelaand his

oldest son

Mandela with his oldest sonMadiba Tembi Tembekile,born in 1946 to Mandelas firstwie Evelyn, with whom the boyspent most o his lie. Mandelasincreasing involvement in politicsmeant he was requently absentrom home, leading Tembito reportedly ask his mother:Where does Daddy live?Ph

otograph:E

liWeinberg

RIM-UWC-MayibuyeArc

hives


16/65

reason rial, 1956

Which Arican does not burn with indignation when thousands o our

people are sent to jail every month under the cruel pass laws?

Why should we continue carrying these badges o slavery?

We must reuse. We must use it to send this government to the grave ...

Te entire resources o the Black people must be mobilised to withdraw

all co-operation with the Nationalist government.

Excerpt rom Te Struggle Is My Lie, issued by Mandelain June 1961 as he prepares to go underground



17/65

1942: Mandela enters politics

In 1949, a year afer the introduction o apart-

heid, the ANC until then moderate and cau-

tious adopted a Programme o Action in-

spired in particular by the increasingly militant

Youth League led by Mandela, which advocated the

weapons o boycott, strike, civil disobedience and

non-cooperation with authority.

Te programme aimed at the attainment o ull citi-

zenship and direct parliamentary representation or

all South Aricans. In policy documents co-written

by Mandela, the ANCYL paid special attention to the

redistribution o the land, trade union rights, ree

and compulsory education or all children, and mass

education or adults.During the ollow-up Campaign or Defiance o

Unjust Laws in 1952, Mandela was elected the ANCs

national volunteer-in-chie and travelled the country

organising resistance to discriminatory laws. He was

charged and brought to trial or his role in the cam-

paign and given a suspended prison sentence.

In recognition o his contribution to the defiance

campaign, Mandela was elected president o both the

Youth League and the ransvaal region o the ANC at

the end o 1952. He subsequently became the deputy

president o the ANC.



18/65

1952: Defiance Campaign

Door-to-door canvassing or political support during thenineteen fifies. Here the activists are urging black workersto vote or delegates to the Congress o the People whichdrew up the Freedom Charter, which became the ANCscore statement o principles.

Long queues o men outside the Native Labour Bureau,applying or the passes that would allow them to seek workin Johannesburg. Te pass laws, designed to control blackmigration to urban areas, were perhaps the most hated oall the apartheid regulations.

Both photographs: Eli Weinberg / RIM-UWC-Mayibuye ArchivesA PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


19/65

1952: Defiance Campaign

Te campaign reed me rom any

lingering sense o doubt or ineriority

I might have elt; it liberated me rom

the eeling o being overwhelmed by

the power and seeming invincibility

o the white man and his institutions.But now the white man had elt

the power o my punches and I

could walk upright like a man, and

look everyone in the eye with the

dignity that comes rom not having

succumbed to oppression and ear.I had come o age as a reedom fighter.

From Long Walk to Freedom

Drum magazine, August 1952 / BAHA/Arica Media Online


20/65

Mandela becomes an attorney

Soon afer the Defiance Campaign, Mandela

passed his attorneys admission examination

and was admitted to the proession. In 1952

he and Oliver ambo opened a law firm in

Chancellor House, Johannesburg (shown at right).

ambo, the chairperson o the ANC at the time o

his death in April 1993, wrote o their practice:

o reach our desks each morning Nelson and I ran

the gauntlet o patient queues o people overflowing

rom the chairs in the waiting room into the corridors

Our buff office files carried thousands o these sto-

ries and i, when we started our law partnership, we

had not been rebels against apartheid, our experienc-

es in our offices would have remedied the deficiency.We had risen to proessional status in our commu-

nity, but every case in court, every visit to the prisons

to interview clients, reminded us o the humiliation

and suffering burning into our people.

Photo o tambo mandela offices

Photograph: Jurgen Schadeberg


21/65

A showman in the courtroom

Mandela thrived on the racial ten-

sion in court, determined to show

that blacks did not have to buckle to

white pressure. He relished submit-

ting police witnesses to relentless cross-examination

and taking issue with hostile magistrates ...

Hearing o a Mandela court case, township resi-

dents would fill the public gallery, applauding loudly

on occasion, to the ury o court officials. Mandelas

showmanship in court duly became part o his repu-

tation.

He was ond o telling the story o his deence o an

Arican servant acccused o stealing clothes belong-

ing to her madam. Beginning his cross-examinationo the madam, Mandela walked over to a table where

the stolen clothes were on display, studied them and

then, with the tip o his pencil, picked up a pair o

panties. urning slowly to the witness box, he asked,

Madam, are these ... yours? oo embarrassed to

admit they were, she replied, No. Te case was dis-

missed.

From: Nelson Mandela, A Biography.

Martin Meredith. Penguin Books, 1997



22/65

o go to prison because

o your own convictions,

and to be prepared tosuffer or what you be-

lieve in, is something

worthwhile, It is an

achievement or a man

o go to prison because o your own convictions,

and to be prepared to suffer or what you believe in,

is something worthwhile. It is an achievement or a man

to do his duty on earth irrespective o the consequences.

From an interview with Scott Macleod, ime magazine.Soweto 26 February 1990



23/65

Te Black Pimpernel

he 1950s turned out to be a time o strie

and tribulation or Mandela he was

banned, arrested and imprisoned.

His personal lie was also in some tur-

moil, as he divorced Evelyn to marry Winnie Madiki-

zela.

He was also one o the accused in the historic rea-

son rial that ended in 1961, with the state dropping

all charges.

In 1960 police opened fire on a group o protesters

in the township o Sharpeville, killing 69 people. Te

reaction was immediate, with demonstrations, protest

marches, strikes and riots across South Arica.

On March 30 1960, the government declared a stateo emergency, detaining more than 18 000 people,

and banning the ANC and other liberation move-

ments. With the banning, the ANC leadership went

underground and Mandela was orced to live away

rom his amily. He was a master o disguise and

managed to evade the police, a eat which earned him

the nickname in the media as the Black Pimpernel.

Te banning also orced the ANC to move rom

nonviolent to violent means o opposing apartheid.

Umkhonto we Sizwe, the movements armed wing,

was ormed in 1961, with Mandela as commander-in-

chie.

Afer travelling abroad or several months, he was

arrested in 1962 on his return to South Arica or

unlawully exiting the country and or incitement to

strike. Convicted, he was sentenced to five years onRobben Island, the notorious political prison off the

coast near Cape own.



24/65

reason rial, 195619 December 1956: A huge crowd swarms against the gates o Drill Hall in Johannesburg on the first day o the preliminaryhearings into what will become a mammoth five year reason rial involving 150 deendants.

Photograph: Museum Arica



25/65

A broad grinas charges are

dropped or now

A delighted Nelson Mandela and trade unionand communist leader Moses Kotane leavecourt in Pretoria afer treason charges aredropped in 1958. Te elation is not to last:new charges are issued against 30 o theoriginal 150 accused, and Mandela findshimsel once again back in court. But aferfive years on trial, no-one is ound guiltywhen the case ends in 1961.

Photograph: Jurgen Schadeberg


26/65

reason rial, 1956During a lunch break in the reason rial,Nelson Mandela chats to riends and ellowaccused Joe Slovo and his wie Ruth First.

Photograph: Eli WeinbergRIM-UWC-Mayibuye Archives



27/65

A champtakes on a

champion

During the long months o thereason rial, Nelson Mandelameets up with local boxingchampion Jerry Moloi or a ewrounds o sparring to relieve the

tension and to keep fit.Here they are on the roo o theRand Daily Mail building

Photograph: Bob Gosani / Arica Media Online


28/65

Mandela meets with a beauty

We had a call rom Nelson asking us

to go to the station and pick up a

Miss Madikizela. We thought noth-

ing o that request. We thought

it must be a relative or somebody whom we have to

pick up. At the station we met this absolutely viva-

cious, beautiul, young woman ...Winnie spent a week or two weeks with us. One

day I ound her perusing through some photographs

which she took out o the handbag, and they were the

photographs o Nelson in various postures and poses.

Ten I realised that something was cooking between

her and Nelson ...

Moses Kotane made a terrible statement when Nel-

son introduced him to Winnie at the ort where the

treason trial was going on, and he said that Well,

such beauty intimidates a revolutionary, does not suit

a revolutionary.

Nelson thought that very amusing, and turned

round and Winnie hadnt heard. So he turned round

and he repeated that to Winnie, to tease her. Winnie

was urious and said to him that she didnt appreciate

Nelsons sense o humour on that score.You see, Winnie always wanted to be understood

and accepted beyond her physical appearance. She

wanted to be accepted or hersel. She was a very

strong personality all along ...

Fatima Meer, Mandelas riend and official biographer,

interviewed on the Frontline, USA documentary

Te Long Walk o Nelson Mandela



29/65

reason rial, 1956Winnie and Nelson beore their 1958 wedding ceremony,photographed at the home o Michael and Barbara Harmel.Back row: Mandelas avourite sister Mabel, two unidentifiedbridesmaids, Ray Harmel and Winnies sister Nancy.Front: Michael Harmel, Winnie and Nelson, Ruth Mompati(Mandelas secretary), oni Bernstein and Barbara Harmel.

Photograph: Eli Weinberg / RIM-UWC-Mayibuye Archives



30/65

Burning hispass afer

Sharpeville

In February 1960, nationwidedemonstrations against the passlaws, organised by the rival Pan-

Aricanist Congress, lead to amassacre at Sharpeville whichdraws international condemna-tion.Caught on the back oot, theANC leadership decides to showsolidarity by burning their ownpasses. Mandela is first to startthe process by burning his pass in

public.Tis photograph by old riend EliWeinberg, was taken outside theMandela home in Orlando West.

Photograph: Eli WeinbergRIMUWCMayibuye Archives



31/65

Te invisibleman pops

up to speak

In March 1961, one year afer the

Sharpeville massacre, over a thousanddelegates attend anAll-in-Arica Conerence inPietermaritzburg. Mandela, whosebanning order has just expired, makesan unexpected appearance and hisspeech is greeted with hugeenthusiasm.Denis Goldberg, later to be jailed or23 years, remarked that it was thesheer romanticism o Mandelas lie onthe run that made him a leader, theone others pinned their hopes on.

Photograph: BAHA/Arics Media Online


32/65

reason rial, 1956

For my own part I have made my choice.

I will not leave South Arica, nor will I surrender.

Only through hardship, sacrifice and militant actioncan reedom be won. Te struggle is my lie.

I will continue fighting or reedom until the end o my days.

Excerpt rom Te Struggle Is My Lie, issued by Nelson Mandelain June 1961 as he prepares to go underground



33/65

A letter rom underground

Iam inormed that a warrant or my arrest has

been issued, and that the police are looking or

me ... I will not give mysel up to a Government

I do not recognise. Any serious politician will

realize that under present day conditions in the coun-

try, to seek or cheap martyrdom by handing mysel

to the police is naive and criminal ...I have chosen this course which is more difficult

and which entails more risk and hardship than sitting

in gaol. I have had to separate mysel rom my dear

wie and children, rom my mother and sisters to live

as an outlaw in my own land.

I have had to close my business, to abandon my

proession, and live in poverty, as many o my peopleare doing ... I shall fight the Government side by side

with you, inch by inch, and mile by mile, until victory

is won.

What are you going to do? Will you come along

with us, or are you going to co-operate with the Gov-

ernment in its efforts to suppress the claims and aspi-

rations o your own people? Are you going to remain

silent and neutral in a matter o lie and death to mypeople, to our people?

June 1961. Letter sent to Souith Arican newspapers by the

ugitive Mandela, as a call to the South Arican people



34/65

A last meeting with Oliver ambo

In 1962, Mandela embarkson an illegal trip throughArica, initially to attend aconerence in Ethiopia thatwill lead to the ounding othe Organisation o Arican

Unity.He also visits London,where exiled activist MaryBenson introduces him tosympathetic and influentialliberals.Here Mandela meets up inAddis Ababa with his oldpartner Oliver ambo, who

has been sent abroad to setup an ANC in exile. Tis isthe last time they will meetor another three decades.

Photograph: RIM-UWC-Mayibuye Archives


35/65

reason rial, 1956

Mandela alsovisits Morocco, one o anumber o countries he flies toon his way back rom London,trying to raise money.

In Morocco he meets withmembers o the AlgerianNational Front, fighting abitter war against France. Hisdiary records that he spentseveral days with them.

Photograph: RIM-UWC-Mayibuye ArchivesA PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


36/65

Mandela hides out in the tiny Bereaflat o Communist Party organiserand journalist Wolfie Kodesh.Eli Weinberg is asked to takephotographs to prove that Mandelais still alive. Some photographsshow him in military atigues, butthese have been lost.Here, Mandela is wearing acandlewick spread snatched romthe Kodesh bed, and a necklace

bought rom a local shop. Years laterhe will cause a stir by appearing incourt in actual traditional dress

Photograph: Eli WeinbergRIM-UWC-Mayibuye Archives

Im Alive: theugitive in a

bedspread


37/65

Mandela on the run

Nicknamed the Black

Pimpernel, Mandelacontinues to elude police ortwo years, spending mucho the time disguised as achauffeur.In August 1962 he isbetrayed and capturednear Howick in the NatalMidlands. One theory is

that he was betrayed by aninormer with CIA links at aparty Mandela attended.He is sentenced to five yearsin prison. But his problemsare only beginning ...

imes Media Limited


38/65

reason rial, 1956Tree decades as a prisoner

While serving a five year sentence

on Robben Island, Mandela was

charged again, this time together

with almost the entire under-

ground leadership o the ANC, who had been ar-

rested at a smallholding in Rivonia, outside Johannes-

burg, belonging to architect Arthur Goldreich.Charged with sabotage in the inamous Rivo-

nia rial, Mandela was sentenced to lie imprison-

ment. He was considered ortunate not to have been

hanged.

Mandela spent 27 years in jail. Te first 18 years

were spent on Robben Island, where he carried out

hard labour in a lime quarry. As a D-group prisoner,the lowest classification, he was allowed only one visi-

tor and one letter every six months.

While in prison Mandela studied by correspond-

ence with the University o London, earning a Bach-

elor o Laws degree. In 1984 he was transerred to

Pollsmoor Prison in Cape own, and in December o

that year he was separated rom his Rivonia prison-

mates and moved again, to Victor Verster Prison near

Paarl in the Western Cape.

Over the years that Mandela was in prison, South

Arica slowly descended into near-chaos, with almost

constant unrest inside the country, armed insurgencyrom without, and steadily increasing international

pressure rom the international community to end

apartheid.

On 2 February 1990 the countrys National Party

president, FW de Klerk, made a remarkable an-

nouncement: a negotiated settlement would end

apartheid, liberation movements would be unbanned,and political prisoners released including Nelson

Mandela.

Nine days later Mandela walked out o Victor Ver-

ster prison, his wie Winnie on his arm and his fist

raised in the liberation movement salute.


39/65

Police swoop on the leaders

Te underground wing does not last long. Police swoop on a smallholding in Rivonia, north o Johannesburg, and arrest almostthe entire underground leadership, which has operated out o the arm rom October 1961 until July 1963. Mandela himsel hadlived at the arm, pretending to be a gardener and driver named David Motsamayi (meaning the walker).

TimesM

ediaLimited


40/65

Te passport that implicated Mandela

Mandela is in prison duringthe Rivonia raid, but policefind plenty o evidence ohis presence on the arm,including this passportin the name o DavidMotsamayi.

Nothing illustrated morethe amateurism o Mandelasrevolutionaries than thatone year afer his arrest onrelatively minor charges theyshould be caught in a hide-out they knew to be unsaein posession o useless

documents that implicatedhim in offences that couldhave led to his death byhanging.

Martin Meredith in Nelson Mandela,A biography (Penguin 1997)

State Archives


41/65

A riendly warder, just as the case was starting, asked me the question,

Mandela, what do you think the judge is going to do?

I said Ag man, theyre going to hang us.

I thought he would say Ag, theyll never do that but he stopped,

became serious and took his eyes away rom me and said,

Youre quite right, they are going to hang you.

From a conversation with Richard Stengel, 3 December 1992



42/65

Winnie Mandela, right, arrives at the Rivonia rial court along with Mandelas mother Noqaphi Nosekeni and Mandelasdaughters Zenani, aged our, and Zindziswa, aged two. Te daughters would not be alllowed to see their ather or 12 years.



43/65

Sentenced to prison or lie

Te Rivonia rial takes six

months until June 1964,ending with lie sentencesor nine o the accused.Te lead counsel is BramFischer. Unknown tohis colleagues, he ishimsel involved in theunderground, and will bearrested on similar charges

a ew weeks later.Te court case marks thefinal blow to the resistancemovement, which will notrecover the initiative oranother two decades.Mandela uses thecourtroom as an arena toproclaim his political views

in a amous speech (seenext page).

Photograph: Independent Newspapers


44/65

Final page o Nelson Mandelas speech rom the dock,which he handed to political activist Sylvia Neame,

who was hersel arrested and jailed a ew months

later, but preserved the amous sheet. Te page reads:

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle

of the African people. I have fought against white domination,

and I have fought against black domination. I have cherishedthe ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons

live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an

ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it

is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.

Below the final paragraph o his typewritten speech Man-

dela wrote:

Te invincibility of our cause and the certainty of our final

victory are the impenetrable armour of those who consistently

uphold their faith in freedom and justice in spite of political

persecution.

An ideal or which I am prepared to die


45/65

A rareglimpse o

prison lie

Photographs o prisoners, eventhose taken beore imprisonment,

were banned in South Arica duringthe apartheid era. Mandelas portraitwas never published inside thecountry, which only increased themythology surrounding the man.On rare occasions, however, theauthorities allowed access tosympathetic oreign publicationsin the hope o improving South

Aricas image. Tis photograph, o acompliant Mandela humbly sewinga postal bag on Robben Island, wasone amous example.

Photograph: Cloete BreytenbachA PUBLICAION OF BRAND SOUH AFRICA


46/65

reason rial, 1956

Mandela with his closest riend and mentor in prison, Walter Sisulu. Te political prisoners spent 13 years o hard labour in aRobben Island lime quarry. Te glare rom the white rock caused permanent damage to Mandelas eyes.

Photograph: Cloete Breytenbach


47/65

Oldest son Temba is killed

At the age o 25, Mandelaseldest son Tembi is killed

in a car crash.Tembi had two youngdaughters with agirlriend he had met atschool, Mandelas firstgrandchildren. Afer hisparents divorce Tembibecame silent andwithdrawn, never orgiving

his ather. And although helived in Cape own, withinsight o Robben Island, hewas the only member othe amily never to visit hisather in prison.

o lose a son, your eldest

son, to whom I was very

much attached, and I had

no opportunity, you knowo paying my respects to

his memory by attending

the uneral, and seeing to

the expenses o the uneral

mysel, and making sure that

he rested well and peaceully.Tat was very devastating.

From a conversation with Richard Stengel9 March 1993


48/65


49/65

reason rial, 1956Exiled activist Wolfie Kodesh, who had hidden Mandela inhis flat during his ugitive period, joins a demonstration inLondon a ew days beore Mandelas release in 1990.

Photograph: RIM-UWC-Mayibuye Archives



50/65

reason rial, 1956

A photograph seen around the world. A amous name, but an unamiliar ace, emerges rom the prison gate alongside wie Winnie.

Photograph: Graeme Williams, Arica Media Online, 11 February


51/65

From prisoner to president

In 1991, at the first national conerence o the

ANC held inside South Arica afer its decades-

long banning, Mandela was elected president o

the party. His long-time riend Oliver ambo,

who had run the ANC in exile or three decades, be-

came national chairperson.

But democracy did not come easily or quickly.Four difficult years would pass, in which violence

escalated, leaders were murdered, and ringe political

parties threatened civil war. Mandela was requently

called upon to play the statesman, paciying not only

his rivals but also his own supporters.

Finally, agreement was reached, and Mandela and

millions o other black South Aricans were able to

vote in South Aricas first democratic elections in

April 1994. Mandela was elected president.

Tat year he published his autobiography, Long

Walk to Freedom, which he had begun writing in

prison.

In 1993 he and FW de Klerk were jointly awarded

the Nobel Peace Prize or their different roles in the

peaceul end o apartheid.

Afer serving a five-year term as president o the

country, Mandela ceded the ANC presidency to Ta-bo Mbeki. He retired rom public lie in June 1999.

Mandela and Winnie divorced in 1996. In 1998 he

married Graca Machel, widow o Samora Machel, the

president o Mozambique until his death in 1986.

In a television interview, Machel described how

lonely Mandela was when she first met him.

Afer 27 years in jail, what he most longed or was

not the glory o political lie, but to have a amily lie,

she said. It was a meeting o minds and a meeting o

hearts.


A t di i ht i S th A i th tl b d fl th ANC d C i t P t fl tt S t


52/65

reason rial, 1956An extraordinary sight in South Arica: the recently unbanned flags o the ANC and Communist Party flutter over a Sowetosports stadium, as Nelson Mandela greets the crowd, flanked by recently returned exile Joe Slovo.

Photograph: Graeme Williams, Arica Media Online



53/65

Tree blackleaders on

a sad day

Archbishop Desmond utu,Oliver ambo and Nelson Man-dela, all three leaders o the

South Arican resistance, meeton the solemn occasion o the1992 uneral o Helen Joseph,one o the leaders o an extraor-dinary march o 20 000 womento the Union Buildings in Pre-toria in 1956. She was the firstperson to be house-arrested inSouth Arica, spending 23 yearsunder banning orders. She wasalso close to Mandela, and ofenlooked afer his daughters whilehe was in prison.

Photograph: Gille De Vlieg, AMO



54/65

reason rial, 1956Mandelas 1990 release was to be ollowed by our tense years onegotiations punctuated by violence and stalling. But finally, largelythanks to Mandelas statesmanship, an agreement was struck andelections called or April 1994. Immediately Mandela went on thecampaign trail around the country, where he was greeted by ecstaticaudiences. Here he is flanked by Walter Sisulu and okyo Sexwale.

Photograph: Greg Marinovich, Arica Media Online



55/65

Alone with poignant memories

In the early morning, as the sun rose over the

green rolling hills o Natal, Nelson Mandela

stood beside a grave in the grounds o a small

rural school in Inanda, thinking o old riends

like Oliver ambo, Bram Fischer and Albert Luthuli

who would not be voting that day.

Mandela had chosen to come to Inanda, near Dur-ban to cast his vote, or it was there that the ounding

president o the ANC, John Dube, was buried, and

it was the school that he had ounded which was to

serve as a polling station during the election.

Afer laying a wreath on Dubes grave, he walked

down the slope towards the school. I did not go into

that voting station alone, he said. I was casting my

vote with them all.

From: Nelson Mandela, A Biography.

Martin Meredith. Penguin Books, 1997



56/65


57/65

reason rial, 1956 Mandelabecomes

president

Te first South Aricanpresident, appointed on May10th 1994, presides over a unitycabinet comprised o both long-time allies and long-time rivals.Here Mandela acknowledgesthe crowd at his inauguration,

together with vice presidentsFW De Klerk and Tabo Mbeki the one the past president, theone the president to be.

Photograph: Guy Stubbs, Arica Media Online


58/65

George Bizos, who began his law career at the same time as Mandela,

became a lie-long riend, deending both Nelson and Winnie on a

number o occasions, and finally becoming a trustee o Mandelas estate.

Photograph: Gislle Wulsohn



59/65

A green shirtthat unitedthe country

Te moment that became a Hollywoodmovie. South Arica wins the RugbyWorld Cup on home ground, and Man-dela, donning a Springbok jersey and cap once-hated symbols o Arikaner na-tionalism unites the country.Tis cap does honour to our boys, hetells a black crowd beore the final match.I ask you to stand by them, because theyare our kind.

Here Mandela leads a victory lap aroundthe field, accompanied by rugby chieLouis Luyt (lef), once an ardent support-er o apartheid.

Photograph: Paul Velasco, PictureNE Arica


60/65

reason rial, 1956

I know that when my time

comes, Walter (Sisulu)

will be there to meet me, and

I am certain he will hold out

an enrolment orm to register

me into the ANC in that world,

cajoling me with one o his

avourite songs we sang whenmobilising people behind the

Freedom Charter.

On the death o Walter Sisulu, 3 May 2003

With wie Graca, throwing soil into the grave o his oldestcomrade Walter Sisulu in May 2003.

Photograph: Lori Waselchuk, Arica Media Online


61/65

reason rial, 1956At the 46664 concert in Londons Hyde Park, Mandela is flanked byWill Smith, Annie Lennox and Lewis Hamilton. Named afer his

prison number, the 46664 organisation raises awareness and unds inthe fight against AIDS, with the unpaid help o a range o celebrities.

Photograph: Leferis Pitarakis /AP/PictureNET Arica



62/65

reason rial, 1956Despite spending much o his lie without thecompany o children, Mandela became amous or hisability to make connections with the very young. Here hehelps a blind child to find out what he looks like.


Te huge warm laugh or which he will always be remembered Mandela with ANC leaders Cheryl Carolus lef and Mac Maharaj


63/65

reason rial, 1956Te huge, warm laugh or which he will always be remembered. Mandela with ANC leaders Cheryl Carolus, lef, and Mac MaharajPhotograph: Arica Media Online


64/65

I would like it

to be said that:

Here lies a man who has

done his duty on earth

Tat is all.

From the MSNBC documentary:

Headliners and Legends 2006


65/65

SourcesTe publishers have made every effort to establish copyright on photographs.Te ollowing sources have been used:

ANC Archive, Fort HareArica Media Onlineimes Media LimitedCloete BreytenbachGiselle WulsohnIndependent NewspapersJurgen SchadebergMuseum AricaPictureNE AricaRIM-University o Western Cape / Mayibuye Archives

Bibliography

By Himsel: Nelson Mandela Sahm Venter and Sello Hattingh (Pan MacMillan in association with PQ Blackwell, 2011).Conversations With Mysel Nelson Mandela (MacMillan Ltd in association with PQ Blackwell, 2010).Conversations with Wolfie Kodesh (Interview by Gail Behrmann, 1994).Long Walk to Freedom Nelson Mandela (MacDonald Purnell, 1994).Mandela: Te Authorised Biography Anthony Sampson (Jonathan Ball Publishers, 1999).Mandela, ambo & the Arican National Congress John Davis (Oxord University Press, 1991).

Mandela the Authorised Portrait ( Bloomsbury in association with PQ Blackwell, 2006).Nelson Mandela: A Biography Martin Meredith (Penguin, 1997).Nelson Mandelas Diaries (Brenthurst Library and the Nelson Mandela Foundation).

Photographic research by Gail BehrmannEditing and design by Irwin ManoimProduced for Brand South Africa by Big Media Publishers, Parktown, Johannesburg.

Documents

Madiba Moments